parrmacognosy a quick review
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
PHARMACOGNOSY
QUICK REVIEW
BY:-
G. TARUN KUMAR REDDY{ 3rd year 2nd sem }
11AF1R0044
KRISHNA TEJA PHARMACY COLLEGE
![Page 2: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
PICRORHIZA
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried roots &rhizomes
of Picrorhiza kurroa royle.
FAMILY:- Scrophulariaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUTENTS:-
Iridoid glycosides, Picrohizin.
USES:- Antiperiodic, Bitter tonic.
![Page 3: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
KAPUR KACHRI
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from roots
&rhizomes of Hedychium spicatum.
FAMILY:- Zingirberaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUTENTS:- :-
Cineole, Limonene.
USES:- Insect repellent, Expectorant.
![Page 4: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
BAHERA
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried fruit of
Terminalia belerica.
FAMILY:- Combretaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUTENTS:- :-
Chebulagic acid, Linoleic acid.
USES:- Astringent, Antidiabetic.
![Page 5: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
CAPSICUM
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried ripe fruits of
Capsicum frutescens.
FAMILY:- Solanaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUTENTS:- :-
Carotenoids, Ascorbic acid.
USES:- Nerve stimulant, Carminative.
![Page 6: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
DILL
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried fruits of
Anethum graveolens.
FAMILY:- Umbelliferae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUTENTS:- :-
Thymol, Dihydrocarvone.
USES:- Carminative, Stimulant.
![Page 7: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
AMLA
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried or fresh fruits of
Emblica officinalis.
FAMILY:- Euphorbiaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUTENTS:- :-
Phyllembelin, Ellagic acid.
USES:-Liver tonic, Aperient.
![Page 8: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
PIPAL
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried dried fruits
of Piper longum.
FAMILY:- Piperaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUTENTS:- :-
Phellandrene, Dipentene.
USES:- Stomachic, Carminative.
![Page 9: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
CLOVE
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried flower
bud of Eugenia caryophyllus.
FAMILY:- Myrtaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUTENTS:- :-
Humulen, Caryophyllene.
USES:- Stimulant, Aromatic.
![Page 10: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
CORIANDER
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried ripe
fruits of Coriandrum sativum.
FAMILY:- Umbelliferae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUTENTS:- :-
Citronellal, Borneol.
USES:- Carminative, Stimulant.
![Page 11: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
ORANGE PEEL
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from ripen pericarp
of Citrus chysocarpa.
FAMILY:- Rutaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUTENTS:- :-
Neohesperidin, Limonene.
USES:- Bitter tonic, Flavouring agent.
![Page 12: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
RASNA
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried rhizomes of
Alpinia officinarum.
FAMILY:- Zingiberaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUTENTS:- :-
Alpinin, Phlobaphenes.
USES:- Carminative, Anti-rheumatic.
![Page 13: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
CINNAMON
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried inner bark of the
tree Cinnamomum zeylanicum blume.
FAMILY:- Lauraceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Eugenol, Cinnamic aldehyde.
USES:- Flavouring agent, Germicide.
![Page 14: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
CARDAMOM
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried & ripen fruits
of Elettaria cardamomum.
FAMILY:- Zingirberaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Terpenylacetate, Borneol.
USES:- Carminative, Flavouring agent.
![Page 15: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
ACACIA
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried
exudation of stem & branches of Acacia Senegal.
FAMILY:- Leguminosae.
USES:- Demulcent,
Binding agent.
![Page 16: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
BLACK CATECHU
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried aqueous extract
of Acacia catechu wildenow.
FAMILY:- Leguminosae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Catechins, Quercetin.
USES:- Astringent, Antitussive.
![Page 17: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
PALE CATECHU
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried aqueous
extract of leaves & shoots of Uncaria gambier.
FAMILY:- Rubiaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Tannic acid, Quercetin.
USES:- Astringent, Antidiarrhoeal.
![Page 18: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
BENZOIN
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Blasmic resin obtain from
Styrax benzoin.
FAMILY:- Styraceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Cinnamic acid , Benzoic acid.
USES:- Expectorant, Antiseptic.
![Page 19: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
ALOE
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Extracted from the leaves of
Aloe barbadensis.
FAMILY:- Liliaceae .
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Aloin, Anthracene glycosides.
USES:- Laxative, Cosmetic preparations.
![Page 20: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
YELLOW BEES WAX
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- It is a purified wax from honey
comb of the Apis dorsata.
FAMILY:- Apidae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Cerotic acid, Myricyl palmitate.
USES:- Pharmaceutical aid, preparation
of Polishes, Plasters.
![Page 21: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
MUSTARD
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried ripe seeds of
Brassica nigra Koch.
FAMILY:- Cruciferae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Lineolic acid, Oleic acid.
USES:- Emetic, Condiment
used in making of Liniments,Plasters.
![Page 22: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
NUX VOMICA
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried seeds of
Strychnous nux vomica.
FAMILY:- Loganiaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Brucine, Loganin, Strychnine.
USES:- Spinal cord stimulant,
Nerve & Sex tonic.
![Page 23: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
COLOPHONY
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained through distilling
Pinus longifolia, P.echinata .
FAMILY:- Pinaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Abietic acid, Diterpene acid.
USES:- Used in making of Disinfectants,
Ointments, Medicinal plasters.
![Page 24: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
ACONITE
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried tuberos of
Aconitum napellus.
FAMILY:- Ranunculaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Aconite, Picroaconitine, Neoline.
USES:- In treatment of Nuralgia &
Homeopathic preprations.
![Page 25: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
LINSEED
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried ripen seeds of
Linum uslitatissimum.
FAMILY:- Linaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Galacturonic acid, Mannuronic acid.
USES:- Poultice, Demulcent.
![Page 26: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
ISABGOL
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried seeds of
Plantago ovate forsk.
FAMILY:- Plantaginaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Aldobionic acid, Pentosan.
USES:- Demulcent, Treatment of
Chronic constipations.
![Page 27: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
BANAFSHA
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from the plant
Viola odorata.
FAMILY:- Violaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Violin, Isoquinoline alkaloids.
USES:- Expectorant, Antipyretic.
![Page 28: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
SENNA LEAVES
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried the plant
Cassia angustifolia.
FAMILY:- Leguminoceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Kaempferol glycosides, Rhein.
USES:- Laxative,
Used to treat Curling's ulcer.
![Page 29: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
DATURA
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from plant
Datura stramonium.
FAMILY:- Solanaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Hyoscamine, Scopolamine.
USES:- Antispasmodic, Antisialagogue.
![Page 30: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
VASAKA
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried & fresh
leaves of Adhatoda vasica.
FAMILY:- Acanthaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Vasicinone, Adhatodic acid.
USES:- Expectorant, Bronchodilator.
![Page 31: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
DIGITALIS LEAVES
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried leaves of
Digitalis purpurae.
FAMILY:- Scrophulariaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Digitoxigenin, Glucogitaloxin.
USES:- Cardiotonic, Diuretic.
![Page 32: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
RAUWOLFIA
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried roots
of Rauwolfia serpentine.
FAMILY:- Apocynaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Reserpine, Serpentine.
USES:- Sedative, Antihypertensive.
![Page 33: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
LIQUORICE
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried peeled & unpeeled
roots & stolons of Glycyrrhiza glabra.
FAMILY:- Leguminosae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Liquiritin, Herniarin.
USES:- Laxative, Spasmolytic agent.
![Page 34: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
GELATIN
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from partial hydrolysis of
Skin & Bones of animals.
NATURE:- Obtain as thin sheets or
as strips.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Glutin, Amino acids.
USES:- Prepration of Capsules, Suppositories.
![Page 35: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
COTTON
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- It is obtained from the seeds of trees
Gossypium herbaceum.
FAMILY:- Malvaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Pollysaccharids, Cellulose.
USES:- Used for Surgical dressing,
Filtering medium.
![Page 36: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
GINGIBER
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from the rhizome of
Zingiber officinale.
FAMILY:- Zingiberaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Zingiberol, Borneol.
USES:- Carminative, Flavouring agent.
![Page 37: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
ASWAGANDHA
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried roots &
stems of Withania somnifera.
FAMILY:- Solanaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Anaferine, Withanolides.
USES:- Aphrodisiac, Anti-tumerous agent.
![Page 38: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
SASSUREA
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried roots
of Sausserea lappa Clarke.
FAMILY:- Compositae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Sesquiterpene, Costunolide.
USES:- Antitussive, Perfumery.
![Page 39: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
IPECAC
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried roots & rhizomes of
Cephaelis ipecacunha.
FAMILY:- Ipecacuanha.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Emetine, Psychotrine.
USES:- Expectorant, Emetic.
![Page 40: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
JATAMANSI
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried roots & rhizomes
of Nardostachys jatamansi.
FAMILY:- Valerianaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Valeranone, Sesquiterpenes.
USES:- Sedative, In Palpitation of heart.
![Page 41: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
ARJUNA BARK
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried bark
of Terminalia arjuna.
FAMILY:- Combretaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Pyrocatechol tannins, Phytosterols.
USES:- Mild diuretic, Astringent.
![Page 42: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
VAJ
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried peeled & unpeeled
rhizomes Acorus calamus.
FAMILY:- Araceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
shyobunone, asarone.
USES:- Antispasmodic, Tranquillizer.
![Page 43: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
MYRRH
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Oleo-gum resin obtained by incision of
stem Commiphora molmol.
FAMILY:- Burseraceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Cuminic acid, Sesquiterpenes.
USES:- Antiseptic, In Mouth washes.
![Page 44: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
INDIAN SQUILL
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from sliced bulb
of Urginea indica kunth.
FAMILY:- Liliaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Hellibrigenin, Strophanthidin.
USES:- Expectorant, Emetic.
![Page 45: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
BELLADONNA BARK
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from the
plant Atropa belladonna.
FAMILY:- Solanaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Scopolamine, Belladonnine.
USES:- Antispasmodic, Cerebral sedative.
![Page 46: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
SHANKHPUSPHI
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried plant
of Evolvulus alsinoides.
FAMILY:- Convolvulaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Betaine, Evolvine.
USES:- Antiphlogistic, Anthemintic.
![Page 47: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
EPHEDRA
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried stems
of Ephedra gerardiana.
FAMILY:- Genetaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Ephedrine, Psedoephedrine.
USES:- In Mydriasis, Antiasmethic agent.
![Page 48: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
GINGELLY
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from the plant
Sesamum idicum.
FAMILY:- Pedaliaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Palmitoleic,Eciosenoic .
USES:- Used in Cooking, Used to Pacify stress.
![Page 49: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
GOKHRU
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from the fruits
of Tribulus terrestris.
FAMILY:- Zygophyceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Hecogenin,Neotigogenin.
USES:- Diuretic,Aphrodisiac.
![Page 50: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
ASHOKA BARK
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried stem
bark of Sarca indica.
FAMILY:- Leguminoceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Heamatoxylin,Ketosterol.
USES:- Astringent
Used in treatment of
Menorrhoegia,Leucorrhoea.
![Page 51: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
GUGGUL
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from the deep incisions of
stem bark of Commiphere wightii.
FAMILY:- Burseraceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Guggulsterone-z, E-guggulsteone.
USES:- -Inflammatory, Anti-rheumatic.
![Page 52: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
MYROBALAN
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried mature fruits
of tree Termanalia chebula.
FAMILY:- Combrataceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Gallic acid,Glucogalon,Chebula acid.
USES:- Astringent,Laxative,Diuretic.
![Page 53: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
AJOWAN
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried ripe fruits of
plant Trchyspermum ammi.
FAMILY:- Umbelliferae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Thymol, P-cymene, Pinene.
USES:- Anti-spasmodic,Preparations
of Lotions & Ointments.
![Page 54: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
PSORALEA
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried ripe ripe
fruits of plants Pscoralia corlyfoliya.
FAMILY:- Leguminosea .
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Pscorelen,Pscorelidin,Corylifolia.
USES:- Treatment of Leucoderma,Leprosy.
![Page 55: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
ANISE
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- it is obtainded from dride ripen
fruits of Pimpinella anisum.
FAMILY:- Umbilliferacea.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Charicoal.Anisaldehide.
USES:- Carminative,Expectorent.
![Page 56: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
WOOL FAT
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from wool of sheep
Ovis aries linn.,
FAMILY:- Bovidae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Cholestrol, Lanoceric, Lanopalmetic.
USES:- Creams and Cosmotic preparations.
![Page 57: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
CENTELLA
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from plants of
Centella asiatica.
FAMILY:- Apiaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Asiatic acid,Cassic acid.
USES:- Used in Brevages,Brain tonic,
Treat Skin diseases.
![Page 58: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
BENTONITE
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained by pulverization of
Colloidal Alluminium Silicate.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Montmorillonite,Ferric acid,
Magnesium oxide.
USES:- Creams, Lipsticks ,
Depilatories.
![Page 59: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
GALANGA
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried rizomes
of Galanga.
FAMILY:- Zingiberaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Rasnadi Churnam, Maharasnadi kashayam.
USES:- Anti malarial activity.
As ingredient in species.
![Page 60: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
SHILAJIT
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- It is blackish-brown
exudation,obtained from steep roots found in himalayas.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Triterpenes, humic acid,
Fulvic acid.
USES:- * Dilation of cell walls
* Acts as catalyst in assimilations
of vitamins.
![Page 61: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
ALUM SPATIKA
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- It is Obtained from hydrated potassium
aluminium sulphate.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Cryolite, bauxite, H2SO4 ALSO4.
USES:- used in cosmetics,
astringent, Deodorant.
![Page 62: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
PUNARNAVA
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from roots and leaves of
Boerhavia diffusa.
FAMILY:- Nyctaginaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Punarnavoside, Rotenoids.
Diuretic, Anti-inflammatory.
![Page 63: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
MANJISTHA
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried stems
of Rakta pushpi rubia.
FAMILY:- Rubiaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Rubiadin, Purpurin.
USES:- Treatment of Gouty arthritis
Treatment of Leucoderma
Blood purifier.
![Page 64: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
BORAX
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained naturally in seasonal lakes from
mineral Salts Of Boric Acid.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Anhydrous borax,
Borax pentahydrate,
Borax decahydrate.
USES:- Used for Tooth bleaching,
Used as Buffer & Complexing agent.
![Page 65: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
TALC
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained naturally from
Steatite.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Serpentine, Pyroxene, Amphibole.
USES:- * Pharmaceutical aid,
* As Lubricant in preprations
of pills .
![Page 66: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
C E L A S T R U SP A N I C U L A T U S
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried seeds of plant
woody liana.
FAMILY:- Celastraceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Malkanguniol.
USES:- Used in treatment of Memory loss.
![Page 67: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
RHUBARB
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried rhizome of
Rheum webbianum.
FAMILY:- Polygonaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Catechin, Emodin, Glucogallin.
USES:- Laxative, Antidiarrhoetic.
![Page 68: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
GENTIAN
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried roots &
rhizomes of Gentiana lutea.
FAMILY:- Gentianceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Gentisin, Amarogentin.
USES:- Bitter tonic, to treat Anorexia.
![Page 69: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
BELLADONNA LEAVES
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from leaves of the
Atropa belladonna.
FAMILY:- Solanaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Hyoscyamine, Scopalamine.
USES:- Mydratic, Antispasmodic.
![Page 70: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
TURMERIC
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried rhizomes
of Curcuma longa.
FAMILY:- Zingiberaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Curcuminoids, Tumerone.
USES:- Anti-fertility agent, Carminative.
![Page 71: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
HONEY
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Secretion Obtained from the honey
comb of Apis indica.
FAMILY:- Apidae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Invert sugars, Enzymes, Vitamins.
USES:- Pharmaceutical aid, Laxative.
![Page 72: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
KURCHI
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- consists of the dried stem bark of
Holarrhena antidysentrica.
FAMILY:- Apocynaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Conessine, Kurichicine.
USES:- Anti dysentery, Anti periodic.
![Page 73: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
TRAGACANTH
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- it is a dried gummy exudation of
Astragalus gummifer.
FAMILY:- Leguminosae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Tragacanthin, Bassorin.
USES:- Demulcent, Suspending agent.
![Page 74: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
CLOVE
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- consists of the dried flower bud of
Eugenia caryophyllus.
FAMILY:- Myrtaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Eugenol, Caryophyllene.
USES:- Antiseptic, Aromatic.
![Page 75: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
VASAKA LEAVES POWDER
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- consists of powdered dried & fresh
leaves of Adhatoda vasica.
FAMILY:- Acanthaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Quniazoline, Peganine.
USES:- Expectorant. Bronchodilator.
![Page 76: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
CLOVE POWDER
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- It consists of the powered dried buds
of Eugenia caryophyllus.
FAMILY:- Myrtaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Humulen, Eugenol.
USES:- Antiseptic, Aromatic.
![Page 77: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
ACACIA POWDER
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- It is the dried exudation of the stem &
branches of Acacia senegal.
FAMILY:- Leguminosae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Polysaccharides, Arabin.
USES:- Demulcent, Binding agent.
![Page 78: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
GINGER POWDER
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- it is a dried powered of the
rhizome Zingiber officinale.
FAMILY:- Zingiberaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Geraniol, Pantothenic acid.
USES:- Carminative, Flavouring agent.
![Page 79: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
GLYCYRRHIZA POWDER
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- It consists of the powered dried
roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra.
FAMILY:- Leguminoceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Liquiritin, Herniarin.
USES:- Anti-inflammatory,
Spasmolytic agent.
![Page 80: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
DILL POWDER
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- It consists of the powered dried
fruits of Anethum graveolens.
FAMILY:- Umbelliferae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Myristicin, d-limonene.
USES:- Carminative, Stimulant.
![Page 81: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
PECTIN
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- It obtained by dilute acid extract of
the Rind of Citrus, Apple fruits etc.,
NATURE:- Viscous, colloidal &
mucilaginous.
USES:- Treatment of diarrhoea,
Treatment of wounds,
As a substitute for blood
plasma etc.,
![Page 82: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
GOKHRU POWDER
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- It consists of the powered dried fruits
of Tribulus terrestris.
FAMILY:- Zygophyceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Saponin glycosides,
Steroidsapogenins.
USES:- Diuretic, Aphrodisiac.
![Page 83: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
ARJUNA BARK POWDER
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- It consists of the powered dried
barks of Terminalia arjuna.
FAMILY:- Combretaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Magnesium salts, Pyrocatechol
tannins.
USES:- Diuretic, Astringent.
![Page 84: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
AGAR
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- it is dried colloidal concerate obtained
by decoction of algae Gelidium.
FAMILY:- Gelidiaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Agarose, Agaropectin.
USES:- Antiperiodic, Bitter tonic.
![Page 85: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
STRACH
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from grains of
Maize, Potato {e.g.}
FAMILY:- Solanaceae, Graminae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Amylose, Amylopectin.
USES:- Pharmaceutical aid, Antidote for iodine poisoning.
![Page 86: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
DILL FRUITS
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried fruits of
Anethum graveolens.
FAMILY:- Umbelliferae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Phellanderene, Carvone.
USES:- Carminative, Stimulant.
![Page 87: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
ASBESTOS
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained naturally from the
Silicate minerals.
TYPES:- The types asbestos are
* Serpentine
* Amphibole{e.t.c}
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Iridoid glycosides, Picrohizin.
USES:- Earlier asbestos were used to treat impotence but due to
is several toxic effects it is banned in many countries.
![Page 88: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
R H U B A R B P O W D E R
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried powdered
rhizome of Rheum webbianum.
FAMILY:- Polygonaece.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Heterdianthrones, Catechin.
USES:- Laxative, Anti-diarrhoetic.
![Page 89: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
BLACK PEPPER
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from the fruit of plant
Piper nigrum.
FAMILY:- Piperaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Pinpene, Terpinen.
USES:- Used in treatment of Constipation,
Diarrhoea, Insomnia.
![Page 90: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
CARAWAY
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from the fruits of
plant Carum carvi.
FAMILY:- Umbelliferae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Anethole, Carvone, Limonene.
USES:- Used in Lotions, Perfumes.
![Page 91: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
COFFEE SEEDS
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from the seeds of plant
Coffea Arabica.
FAMILY:- Rubiaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Caffeine.
USES:- Used in treatment of Alzheimer’s
used in Beverages.
![Page 92: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
TEA LEAVES
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from dried leaves
of plant Camellia sinensis.
FAMILY:- Theaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
l-theanine, Tannins.
USES:- Used in Beverages,
Central nervous system stimulant.
![Page 93: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
GARLIC
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from the bulbous of
plant Allium sativum.
FAMILY:- Amaryllidaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Pantothenic acid, Thiamine.
USES:- Used to reduce Cholosterol,
Used as Vasodilation.
![Page 94: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
CASTOR OIL
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from the seeds of plant
Ricinus communis.
FAMILY:- Euphorbiaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Linoleic acid, Ricinoleic acid.
USES:- Used as Laxative,
Used to make Biodiesel.
![Page 95: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
CUMIN
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from the flowering parts
of plant Cuminum cyminum.
FAMILY:- Apiaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Beta- pinene, Para-mycene.
USES:- Used in treatment of Diarrhoea,
Puerperal disorders.
![Page 96: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
TURPENTINE OIL
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from the resins of
Canarium australianum.
FAMILY:- Pinaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Camphene, Terpinolene.
USES:- Used in treatment of toothaches,
Used to treat nerve pains.
![Page 97: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
ASAFOETIDA
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- It is a oleo-gum resinus obtained
from the Ferula assa-foetida.
FAMILY:- Apiaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Asaresinol ferulate, Ferulic acid.
USES:- Used as Anti-flatuent,
To treat Fluenza.
![Page 98: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
MAIZE
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from the plant
Zea mays.
FAMILY:- Poaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Anthocyanins, Phlobaphenes.
USES:- Used as herbal supplement,
Used to produced biofuel.
![Page 99: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
KALMEGH
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- It consists of the aerial parts of the
Andrographis paniculata.
FAMILY:- Acanthaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Andraographolides, Serphyllin.
USES:- Used in treatment of Stomachic,
Used to treat Dyspepsia.
![Page 100: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
KESAR
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from the dried
stigma of Crocus sativus.
FAMILY:- Iridaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Picrocrocin, Safranol.
USES:- Used as Antispasmodic,
Used as Flavouring & Colouring agent.
![Page 101: Parrmacognosy a quick review](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102816/55a764051a28ab3f058b4720/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
VINCA
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:- Obtained from the whole plant of
Catharanthus roseus.
FAMILY:- Apocynaceae.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:-
Lochnerine, Vincristine.
USES:- Used in treatment Leukaemia,
Used as Anti-neoplastics.