parochial and cosmopolitan britain: examining the social divide in reactions to immigration

7/31/2019 Parochial and Cosmopolitan Britain: Examining the Social Divide in Reactions to Immigration

1/44

TransaTlanTic Trends: immigraTion Focus PaPers

Parochial and cosmoPoliTan BriTain

ex t s dv rt t it

roBerT Ford


2/44

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3/44

Parochial and Cosmopolitan Britain

Examining the Social Divide in Reactions to Immigration

Transatlantic Trends Immigration Focus Papers

April 2012

By Rb F

Rb F Hw R Fw I f S C, Uy f M.

E Sy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

O A f M: W S Pb? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

W M Db? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

L I I: Pb C Py R . . . . . . . . . . .

I S I: P P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4


4/44

Parochial and Cosmopolitan Britain 1

Executive Summary

British opinion is negative overall, butstrongly divided: T B b

b

f y byTransatlantic

Trends Immigration (TTI), b y

. A, ,

y, y

w b TTI

, b ff B

w. T f , b

B w; ,

. T

, w b

y . T w B

TTI .

The British favor migration that is economically

beneficial: T B f

f , b b

w w qf b

y y w

wk f wf

- f y. B

k-jk b, b

w f w

f y b. T

Lb y

f w ky

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Illegal migration is the focus of concern: T

B b

,

b .

R y f f w

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f by y, b

w by

. B y,

y, wf bf , b y

wf bf . T

B w wf

bf y f

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q f fq

y f

wf .

The British are quite optimistic about

integration, particularly for the second

generation: T B b bw f ,

M , w, b

b

B-b f . T w

f f M

f b

; j f B f

M w,

jy f y, B

k f M k

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f f y , b,

b

wf

bf. W f B

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w

.


5/44


Introduction

1

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B, S. Tk B T Nb: UPb O I B, Uy fOf: T M Oby (), ://-by...k//f/b/R%-%Pb%O.f; ML, L. I PT B, British Journal of Political Science 4, . (): 6-85; ML, L. M. J. R, GCf Syb: E A-I Hy B, Political Studies 55, . 4 (7): 79-3.

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6/44

The German Marshall Fund of the United States4

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7/44


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8/44


Overall Assessments of Migration:

Who Sees it as a Problem?2

W by B

fy f

w f

. Ay f

Transatlantic Trends Immigration (TTI)

w B y

b : B

w f b

y y

f by TTI. F

-4 k w

b y b B,

b TTI

.

T .

Fy, B y

TTI . T

f y b-,

w f . Sy,

: y, , fy

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y f5 ff

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,

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y z, w

ff , ,

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-w f w f w

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B) f b

5 A f f f % , w k w f w bf b. T % y f b by , w f ff f f.

y, w 6% f w % ff. T

ff TTI 3%.

W f 49% f B 8-4

f b; f

65, f 36 ,

85%. F f TTI , ff

bw y

7%. L f f B b

b (48%) w b b b

(45%) b,

75% f b B ,

ff f 3 . I TTI , q ff

.

T b y, f f

b, f

fy

b y, ,

B, w y z

. R y, w

f f w

f ff f f, f

, , , y ff w

b,

f b f

.6 Y , w y

, w

, w

b b y

w . A w

, bw

B

TTI y.

T f . Ow

f ,

b ,

6 T f y A, .


9/44


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Both parents

born in country

One parent

born abroad

Both parents

born abroad

Respondent born

abroad

BritainOther TTI

countries

P

ercentagreeing

45

Figure 1:Agreement that Immigration is More of a Problem

than an Opportunity, by Migrant Heritage

52

75

40

3233

57

48

Source: Transatlantic Trends Immigration Surveys 2009-2011 Q27 (2010, 2011); Q26 (2009) N = 2,812 (Britain), 17,777 (other TTI countries)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

65 plus55-6445-6435-4425-3418-24

BritainOther TTI

countries

Percentagreeing

63

Figure 2:

Agreement that Immigration is More of a Problem

than an Opportunity, by Age

58

83

53

67

43

71

56

78

515147



10/44


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

PostgraduateUndergraduateHigh schoolBelow high school

BritainOther TTI

countries

Pe

rcentagreeing

81

Figure 3:Agreement that Immigration is More of a Problem than an Opportunity,

by Educational Level

33

44

58

65

86

47

56


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

A lot betterA little betterThe sameA little worseA lot worse

BritainOther TTI

countries

Percentagreeing

70

Figure 4:

Agreement that Immigration is More of a Problem than an Opportunity,

by Financial Situation

42

56

64

53

80

63

68

4144



11/44


y ky y, ky b f

. Hy y

ky f

b . F , 66% f 8-4

y TTI

y

, 3% f

w b b. F z

( 65 y ), q f 5%

y 5% w

b b. T ff f

ff z . A

w w

b, - y w y w f ,

w f y w y.

A y:

y , y ,

ff b

w f ff

bk. M w f fy

b w f y

. I ff

f ff

.

T f ff f

, w w

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Other TTI countriesBritainOther TTI countriesBritain

Cosmopolitan

young

Parochial

pensioners

Percent

36

Figure 5:

Percentage of Cosmopolitan Young and Parochial Pensioners who

Regard Immigration as a Problem and

as One of the Two Most Important Problems Facing the Country

18

12

87

62

54

22

45

Source: Transatlantic Trends Immigration Surveys 2008-2011 Q27 (2010-2011); Q26 (2009); Q1a (2008-2011) N = 2,812 (Britain), 17,777 (other TTI countries)

Immigration more a problem

than an opportunity

Immigration one of the two most

important problems facing the country


12/44


f . T y 35 w y

/ b b. T

b % f B,

b 9% f TTI .

T 65

w y w

b b. Ty 7% f

B, 5% f

TTI .

W ff F 5. T

ff y. I B, y

y w

f b y, w

y

b. Fy-f f B

f w b f B,

y f f ,

b y f y B

. T

b TTI , b f

B b yz.

T ky f f

f b w b ff f

:

. B w b

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.

. B w y y z,

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3. My f f

, ,

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w . T

bw

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y fb w

,

y w w y

by f .


13/44


O y w B f

y, b

y y z bw

. Hw, f

b f f

y k f. R y

w f f ,

y k f

y bf. T b

f y f. S 8, B

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k , fw f k , by

y f f EU. T

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B y f

EU. Rf b

fy y

k b y

f , y

E k.

I w w B,

w y b , k

f w f

ff y.

3.1: Which Criteria Should be Used to Judge

whether to Allow Immigrants In?

I 8 9, Transatlantic TrendsImmigration

k w y

f f b w

: kw ,

fy b y y,

jb ff, qf,

b C. F 6

f z

f qf B TTI

. T B, w

b , w k y w

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TTI . W j f

f

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TTI y

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Sy, qf k

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y by

f y f 34% f B

% f TTI . I

q f y

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y y f

qf.

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w.

Twy- f B ( 8%

w) fy b

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b y

f f f B, w C

f y .

Hw w b y bk wy? F 7 w f w

ky y , ,

y y

, , B,

y .

W f

Which Migrants are Desirable?

3


14/44


f : O 9% f

b E w

, 8% f b jb

ff w ,

y 7% f b

w . T

f ff w b f f

f

, f y

k . T ff

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b y , y

w k y

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f f.

Tw f

k y y.

I 9, TTI k w y

w k k

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Other TTI

countries

BritainOther TTI

countries

BritainOther TTI

countries

BritainOther TTI

countries

BritainOther TTI

countries

Britain

Somewhat

important

Very

important

Percentofresponde

ntsindicatingeach

factorisim

portant

23

Figure 6:Criteria for Letting in Immigrants:

Britain vs. other TTI Countries

18

14

58

18

70

34

21

Source: Transatlantic Trends Immigration Surveys 2008-2009 Q9.1-5 (2009); Q8 (2008) N= 1,993 (Britain), 14,973 (other TTI countries)

Know the nationallanguage

Be a Christian

24

3028

3129

13

17

373638

4659

Have a familymember in country

Have higheducational levels

Have a job offer


15/44


y. T w

F 8. Mj f b ,

B w,

k . T

k w, w, w

. Oy 36% f

y B f k

, w 58% f f

kw. O, f f

y, C

ff y k

y jy b .

A f f TTI

y. R w k w y

w f f

w w f . A F 9

w, f f y

ff by f .

Mj f b y

f

f y , B

f y y w

f w. T

C ff

y ky

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

PensionersYoungPensionersYoungPensionersYoungPensionersYoungPensionersYoung

Somewhat

important

Very

important

Percentofrespondentsindicatingeach

factorisim

portant

25

Figure 7:Criteria for Letting in Immigrants:

Cosmopolitan Young vs. Parochial Pensioners in Britain

26

9

82

31

65

30

49

Source: Transatlantic Trends Immigration Surveys 2008-2009 Q9.1-5 (2009); Q8 (2008) N= 1,993

Know the national

language

Be a Christian

26

1519

3034

29

8

32

38

20

70

48

Have a family

member in country

Have high

educational levels

Have a job offer


16/44


,7 y f w

y

B.

A w w

y ff. L 3% f

y B w f

7 F , f A PyPy G M f f f f Db y f - w fy -, w f . A H Off J y f ff .4 b. S U.K. B Ay Rf f b y: ,(), ://www.kb.ff..k//-/yw//f--b/.

f , w

w .

T ff

B

TTI ,

yk w . Uk

f EU y b

y w k

fy EU , w

by y f y

ff . A w y

k f f

, w b

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Parochial PensionersCosmopolitan YoungParochial PensionersCosmopolitan Young

Reduce skilled

immigration

Reduce unskilled

immigration

Percen

t

58

Figure 8:Support for Reducing Skilled Immigration and Unskilled Immigration

Among Cosmopolitan Young and Parochial Pensioners:

Britain vs. Other TTI Countries

54

47

58

66

36

27

50

Source: Transatlantic Trends Immigration Survey 2009 Q24.3 & Q24.4 N = 953 (Britain), 7,778 (other TTI countries)

Britain Other TTI countries
http://www.ukba.homeoffice.gov.uk/sitecontent/documents/policyandlaw/ia/reform-students-pbs/http://www.ukba.homeoffice.gov.uk/sitecontent/documents/policyandlaw/ia/reform-students-pbs/http://www.ukba.homeoffice.gov.uk/sitecontent/documents/policyandlaw/ia/reform-students-pbs/http://www.ukba.homeoffice.gov.uk/sitecontent/documents/policyandlaw/ia/reform-students-pbs/


17/44


w ff f B y .

3.2 Policy Response: Should Migration be Used

to Ease the Burden of an Aging Society on the

Welfare State?

I B b

b k f

b: y qf E

k w jb ff. T b

w kby . Y

B ky

w j w w ,

w

k b , z y. Hw,

f y

y b w y

b . A wy f b

f B

w w w y

f ff y

b. O b w

w wf

y wy

. F , -

P L y b Economistb :

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100


Migrants with

high educational

levelMigrants with

low educational

level

Percentsupporting

50

Figure 9:

Support for Admitting More Migrants by Educational Level

Among Cosmopolitan Young and Parochial Pensioners:


26

57

29

7

70

81

53

Source: Transatlantic Trends Immigration Survey 2011 Q6a & Q6b N = 973 (Britain), 4,734 (other TTI countries)



18/44


W , k wkf w

y w w,

k y f

, , f w

k f y , f wf

f b b....

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8 L, P. Immigrants: Your Country Needs Them, L:L, Bw (7).

bf f , f , y.

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b w bw

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b, b

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b .

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f

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bf f . I y

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y f bf f

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T ff

bw k

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y f w f

wk (79%) b

(63%), b


19/44


f f . T b

TTI , bf

y

B. W y B

b by y,

B y f

bf f . T

z ky b

f yk, w y k f

wf b f

ff , z

b y.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Pens.YoungPens.YoungPens.YoungPens.YoungPens.YoungPens.Young

Somewhat

support

Strongly

support

Percent

48

Figure 10:Support for Immigration to Offset the Effects of an Aging Society Among

Cosmopolitan Young and Parochial Pensioners:


40375

28

1622

17

Source: Transatlantic Trends Immigration Survey 2010 Q23.1-2; Q24a-b, British N = 952 (immigration to offset aging); 480 (doctors and care workers);

Other TTI N = 8,566 (immigration to offset aging), 4,410 (doctors and care workers)

Immigration to

offset aging

Other TTIcountries

47

31

36

5350

15

8

62

43

51

24

15

Immigration of

doctors

Britain

Immigration of

care workers

44

21

17

20

Other TTIcountries

Britain Other TTIcountries

Britain


20/44


W y f

w f

w B, y

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w b ,b B y

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w B

b b f f

TTI

. T

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b

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b . C b f

y b y

,

w.

Policy Responses I:

Reducing Illegal Immigration

T TTI k B z

y b ,

b

f f f f

y. W f B

? Bw 8

Legal and Illegal Immigration:

Public Concern and Policy Response4


21/44


, TTI k w y w

f

: y w

; f b ;

f; k

f wk y y. T f

w f b f f

b f

f w w b f

w y,

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,

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F y w - , f f . I , f y w f f f f.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

IllegalLegalIllegalLegal

Cosmopolitan

young

Parochial

pensioners

Percentworried

75

Figure 11:Worry about Legal and Illegal Immigration Among

Cosmopolitan Young and Parochial Pensioners:


72

4144

57

2427

15

Source: Transatlantic Trends Immigration Surveys 2008-2011 Q6 (2008-10); Q4 (2011) N = 4,003 (Britain), 26,042 (other TTI countries)



22/44


f

b

y ff

8% f b

y

. Hw, w f

y ff f

w

y ,

y w . W f f y

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R y f f f y w f .

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f

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by

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B f .

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TTI . I f w w

b f f w f

y . W B f

y y I

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Make easier

to migrate legally

Increase

development aid

Punish employersReinforce borders

Cosmopolitan

young

Parochial

pensioners

Percentsupp

orting

80

Figure 12:Support for Enforcement Policies and Assistance Policies

to Reduce Illegal Immigration Among

Cosmopolitan Young and Parochial Pensioners in Britain

35

59

94

8789

40

75

Source: Transatlantic Trends Immigration Surveys 2008-2010 Q13a1-4 (2010); Q16.1-4 (2009); Q11 (2008) N = 2,849

Enforcement policies Assistance policies


23/44


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

CanadaUnited StatesSpainNetherlandsItalyFranceGermanyGreat Britain

Border

reinforcement

Action against

employers

who hire illegal

immigrants

Perce

ntsupporting

89

Figure 13a:Illegal Immigration Enforcement Policy Preferences by Country:

Support for Border Reinforcement and Action Against

Employers who Hire Illegal Immigrants

78

58

92

84

8987

78

Source: Transatlantic Trends Immigration Surveys 2008-2010 Q13a1-4 (2010); Q16.1-4 (2009); Q11 (2008), N = 18,423

77

86

76

86

93

76

86

68

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100


Increasing

development aid

Making legal

migration easier

Percentsupporting

85

Figure 13b:

Illegal Immigration Assistance Policy Preferences by Country:

Support for Increasing Development Aid

and Making Legal Migration Easier

76

49

56

81

45

82

56

Source: Transatlantic Trends Immigration Surveys 2008-2010 Q13a1-4 (2010); Q16.1-4 (2009); Q11 (2008), N = 18,423

72

6161

48

7477

63

51


24/44


B 9% f f b w

b bk f

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f w f 58% 68% Gy

N, w y ff

f , 85%

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b y

b. I , f

B C ,

y b w

b. S f y TTI

b 75% , f w

f 76% U S f 93% Iy.

W w , w f

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b b

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f k

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f bw 77%

85%. I b f

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y fw f

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b z , y b b

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Restricting Immigrant Access to Public

Services

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25/44


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, .8

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8 R f w k b y . R w w y , b fy w . S f f .
http://www.equalityhumanrights.com/uploaded_files/4_social_housing_allocation_and_immigrant_communities.pdfhttp://www.equalityhumanrights.com/uploaded_files/4_social_housing_allocation_and_immigrant_communities.pdfhttp://www.equalityhumanrights.com/uploaded_files/4_social_housing_allocation_and_immigrant_communities.pdfhttp://www.equalityhumanrights.com/uploaded_files/4_social_housing_allocation_and_immigrant_communities.pdfhttp://www.equalityhumanrights.com/uploaded_files/4_social_housing_allocation_and_immigrant_communities.pdfhttp://www.equalityhumanrights.com/uploaded_files/4_social_housing_allocation_and_immigrant_communities.pdf


26/44


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ff f f F 5

bw, w f

f f wf y

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T b

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75% f b

9 A f f y f- ff f f f bf, f bf b . T f .

b f. T , w 75% f

bf b f, b

y 53% f y k

w. P bf

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, 3% f

w . O

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bw 8% f

y w f bf

, b f f w .

T B y w f

wf , w y

w b f

z y. Hw w

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Illegal immigrantsLegal immigrants

Refuse no services

Refuse one service

Refuse two services

Refuse three services

Pe

rcent

15

Figure 14:Number of Welfare Services (State Schooling, Council Housing,

Healthcare) Britons would Refuse to Legal and Illegal Immigrants

10

20

59

5

Source: Transatlantic Trends Immigration Survey 2010 Q13.1-2 & Q14a-b N = 949

16

65

10


27/44


? T TTI

w k b f

, w f

w

b . T

f b

, , .

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y w f wf

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F 6, w w w- f

B b b

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A f f f b b

, b

B.

I F 6b, w B w b wf

. W f

B w f

, E ,

b

: E y

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Parochial

Pensioners

Cosmopolitan

Young

Parochial

Pensioners

Cosmopolitan

Young

Parochial

Pensioners

Cosmopolitan

Young

Refuse

to illegal

immigrants

Refuse

to legal

immigrants

Percentagreeing

Figure 15:Agreement that Welfare Benefits Should be Refused to Legal

Immigrants and Illegal Immigrants Among Cosmopolitan Young

and Parochial Pensioners in Britain

31

87

53

Source: Transatlantic Trends Immigration Survey 2010 Q13.1-2 & Q14a-b N = 984

State schooling

76

13

29 28

75

14

49

96

91

Council housing Healthcare


28/44


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80


Refuse both

services

Refuse one

service

Percentagreeing

24

Figure 16a:Agreement by Country that Healthcare and/or Public Schooling

Should be Refused to Illegal Immigrants

2527

65

20

26

3134

Source: Transatlantic Trends Immigration Survey 2010 Q13.1-2 & Q14a-b N = 8,780

25

49

26

46

38

28

2321

0

5

10

15

20

25


Refuse both

services

Refuse one

service

Percentagreeing

1

Figure 16b:

Agreement by Country that Healthcare and/or Public Schooling

Should be Refused to Legal Immigrants

4

1

16

4

12

4

Source: Transatlantic Trends Immigration Survey 2010 Q13.1-2 & Q14a-b N = 8,814

7

4

9

10

2

3

2

12


29/44


6% f f . I C, % ,

w U S, w

wf fy , y

%. Hw, A, fy

k b wf,

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B b y

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A f E f ky b - f b w f k . SIf, E. T by Dy: Wy RAy I P A V WE,Journal of Elections, Public Opinion, and Parties 5, . (5): -45. T B y

ff.


30/44


5.1: Perceptions about the Integration of First

and Second Generation Immigrants

I f , w

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q w

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Hw, b B B-

b , b y

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y, w

f f M .P

y b,

w y M

y b

y.

Integrating Settled Immigrants:

Perceptions and Policies5


31/44


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80


Immigrants are

integrating well

Muslim immigrants

are integrating well

Percentagreeing

38

Figure 17a:Agreement that Immigrants and Muslim Immigrants are Integrating

Well Among Cosmopolitan Young and Parochial Pensioners:


32

53

57

31

5961

49

Source: Transatlantic Trends Immigration Surveys 2010-2011 Q29a-b (2010); Q30a-b (2011) N = 900 (Britain), 5,625 (other TTI countries)


0

20

40

60

80

100


Children of immigrants

are integrating well

Children of Muslim

immigrants are

integrating well

Percentagreeing

68

Figure 17b:

Agreement that the Children of Immigrants and Children

of Muslim Immigrants are Integrating Well Among Cosmopolitan Young

and Parochial Pensioners: Britain vs. Other TTI Countries

56

6870

60

8177

69

Source: Transatlantic Trends Immigration Surveys 2010-2011 Q29a-b (2010); Q30a-b (2011) N = 900 (Britain), 5,625 (other TTI countries)



32/44


5.2 Integration: Policy Responses

W y

b w B y

w, w jy f B

f f

w. W

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8, Transatlantic Trends Immigration k

f f ff

f :

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f b ,

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T w .

W 7% f y w f , y 5%

f w ,

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

PensionersYoungPensionersYoungPensionersYoungPensionersYoungPensionersYoung

Somewhat

support

Strongly

support

Percentofrespondentssupportin

g

each

approach

54

Figure 18:

Support for Policies to Encourage the Integration of Legal Migrants

Among Cosmopolitan Young and Parochial Pensioners in Britain

26

35

45

36

62

7566

Source: Transatlantic Trends Immigration Surveys 2008-2009 Q12 (2008); Q18 (2009) N=1,936

Provide English

classes

Provide access to

benefits

18

28 27 28

38

17

28

23

17

30

21

33

Ban job

discrimination

Teach respect

in schools

Provide full

political rights


33/44


y by b . A jy f y 63%

w w f

bf, w y 43% f

w b w . W

f

w y

k z

,

kw b .

Hw, f y f

w : j f B

f E ,y w y f . W k

w

y , 74% .O w

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, w 64% .

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f y f w

f y b . T y

. I w, TTI

w y

y ,y ff y

, z-f, w

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80


Support three

policies or less

Support fourpolicies

Support all

five policies

Percent

52

Figure 19:

Number of Integration Policies Supported Among Cosmopolitan Young

and Parochial Pensioners: Britain vs. Other TTI Countries

40

31

23

44

2523

29

Source: Transatlantic Trends Immigration Surveys 2008-2009 Q12 (2008); Q18 (2009) N = 1,936 (Britain), 12,719 (other TTI countries)


16

25

61

31


34/44


f f y . Wf w w y

ff

, f w

y ff

. T f

F 9.

T f w ff bw

w f y

f

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ff f , ff.

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f y

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f :

w b f

w

y,

w F . I wy

b w w b f b k

B y.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Immigration

too high

Immigration

not too high

Immigration

too high

Immigration

not too high

Support three

policies or less

Support four

policies

Support all

five policies

Percent

60

Figure 20:

Number of Integration Policies Supported by Those Who Feel

Immigration Is Not Too High and Those Who Feel

Immigration Is Too High: Britain vs. Other TTI Countries

34

40

25

47

15

26 26

Source: Transatlantic Trends Immigration Surveys 2008-2009 Q12 (2008); Q18 (2009) N = 859 (Britain), 5,502 (other TTI countries)


18

24

56

29


35/44


I y b b wy f

w b ,

B y w y

f B.


36/44


I , w k by b f

f B b

b . T y

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f B

b

y by TTI, y

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y, y

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b

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by y ff

w ff w . O B

w y , b,

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f w

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b B wy

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w y, ky f

F, R. I j B? BritishJournal of Sociology 59, . 4 (8): 69-636.3 F, R. Ab b : y B f,Journal of Ethnicand Migration Studies 37, . 7 (): 7-37.4 Ty, J., H, A. S. Ey. D f B -y, British Social Attitudes: The 21stReport, by APk . L: S, 6.

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Conclusion

6


37/44


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b , w y

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f , M

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f f M

f b

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w, jy f

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b j , w

y f f

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b

. T

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y B.

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f y , b,

b

wf bf. W

f B w

b

w

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kby b f

y

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B w y

b , y

b b f B

.


38/44


T by y

b . A f

B b,

z y f

. T

y, b fwk

y f,

fwk w w w bf B

y. T ky b

bw y, B

w b y by

b , w

y .


39/44


Table A1: Logistic Regression Analysis of Regarding Immigration

as More of a Problem than an Opportunity

Imm more a

problem: Britain

Imm more a problem:

rest of sample

I .*** .97***

9 y .3 .8*

G: -.* -.5**

Age (reference: 65 plus)

8-4 -.8*** -.47***

5-34 -.4* -.36***

35-44 -.54** -.8**

45-54 -.44** -.3***

55-64 -.8 -.7**

Education (reference: below high school)

H -.5 -.5***

D -.78*** -.63***

P -.59*** -.3***

Migrant status (reference: native)

B b -. -.7

O b b -.6** -.**

B b b -.9*** -.53***

Living area (reference: small city)B y -.5 -.8***

B y bb .3* -.*

V -.3 .8

R . .8

H f (-5 , = w)

-.** -.8***

S -.38* *

Country dummies (reference: Netherlands)

Gy - -.7**

F - .

Iy - .5***

S - .39***

U S - .67***

C - -.***

R squared . .8

N 779 76

Appendix

7

N: * < .; ** < .5; *** < . ff


40/44


Table A2: Logistic Regression Analysis of Regarding Immigration

as One of the Two Most Important Problems Facing the Country

Imm most important

problem: Britain

Imm most important

problem: rest of sample

I .7 -.8***

9 y -. .5***

G: .3*** .***


8-4 -.38* -.5

5-34 -.6 -.

35-44-.35* -.8

45-54 -. -.

55-64 -.7 -.3*


H -. -.9

D -.7*** -.4***

P -.54*** -.5***


Sf b b -.49*** .

Living area (reference: small city)

B y -.9 .

B y bb .3 .3

V -. -.5

R .7 .8

H f (-5 , = w)

-.** .

S -.59*** -

Country dummies (reference: Netherlands)

Gy - .3**

F - .6**

Iy - .7***

S - .44**

U S - .69***

C - .7

R squared .5 .3

N 96 986

N: * < .; ** < .5; *** < . ff


41/44


Table A3: Regression Analysis of Opposition to Providing Welfare Services

to Legal and Illegal Immigrants, British Sample Only

Number of services

refused to legal

migrants

Number of services

refused to illegal

migrants

I .33*** .69***

G: .6* .7**


U 35 . -.9

35-44 -.5* -.

45-54 . .

55-64 -.6 .8


H -.5 -.3

D -.47*** -.7*

P -.69*** -.48***


Sf b b -.36*** -.3***

H f (-5 , = w)

-.** -.7*

R squared .8 .6

N 945 938

N: * < .; ** < .5; *** < . ff


42/44


Table A4: Regression Analysis of Views about Integration of Immigrants, British Sample Only

First

generation

immigrants

First

generation

Muslim

immigrants

Second

generation

immigrants

Second

generation

Muslim

immigrants

I .8*** 3.*** .6*** .46***

y .9 .8 -.5 -.

G: .* .* .6** .


U 35 -.4 -. -.3 -.3

35-44 -.7 -.3 -. -.4

45-54 -. -. .7 -.6

55-64 .5 .4 .4 -.5


H . -. . .4

D -.9 -.5 -.3 -.5

P -. -.8* -.4*** -.

H f (-5, = )

-.9** -.9** -.5 -.7*


Sf b b -.3*** -.5** -.6** -.

R squared .4 .3 .3

N 93 896 95

N: * < .; ** < .5; *** < . ff

I 4 . H w b


43/44


Table A5: Regression Analysis of Support for Integration Policies, Britain and Other TTI Countries

Support for

integration policies,

Britain

Support for integration

policies, other TTI

countries

I 4.8*** 4.34***

G: .4 -.


U 35 -.6 .9

35-44 -.4 .

45-54 . -.3

55-64 .5 .3


H . .4***

D .35** .9***

P .47** .6***


Sf b b .8 .4

Views about immigration levels (reference: not too many)

A , b y .8 .4

T y -.65*** -.54***

Worried about immigration (reference: not worried)

W b -.5*** -.37***

W b -. -.8*

R squared .8 .4

N 859 55

N: * < .; ** < .5; *** < . ff


44/44

Off i c e s

parochial and cosmopolitan britain: examining the social divide in reactions to immigration

Documents