parks environmental inc.premier gold mines ltd. parks environmental inc. hardrock project –...

Parks Environmental Inc.

Premier Gold Mines Ltd.

Hardrock Project – Geraldton, Ontario

A Spatial and Temporal Assessment of Metal/Metalloid Concentrations in Kenogamisis Lake Sediments (2012)

Prepared for:

Premier Gold Mines Limited. Suite 200-1100 Russell Street, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 5N2 T (807) 346 – 1393, F (807) 346 - 1381

Prepared by:

Parks Environmental Inc. 18 Werstine Terrace. Cambridge, Ontario, N3C 4G7 T (519) 222 - 6463 www.parksenvironmental.com

Date:

December 27, 2012

Premier Gold Mines Ltd. Parks Environmental Inc.

Har dr ock Pr o jec t – Ger a ldt on , Ont ar io

A Spa t ia l a nd Te mpor a l As ses sme nt o f Meta l /Met a l lo id Conce nt ra t ions in

Ke noga mis is Lak e Se d iments (2 012 )

- i -

December 27, 2012 Project Number: 11-10

Ewan Downie President and CEO

Premier Gold Mines Ltd. Suite 200-1100 Russell Street Thunder Bay, Ontario

P7B 5N2 Dear Mr. Downie:

Re: Premier Gold Mines Ltd. Hardrock Project - A Geographical and Temporal Assessment of Metal/Metalloid Concentrations in Fish in Kenogamisis Lake from 1977-2011 with Comparisons to

Other Ontario Waters. On behalf of Premier Gold Mines Ltd. Hardrock Project, Parks Environmental Inc. is pleased to

provide a report which assesses the current spatial distribution of metals and metalloids in Kenogamisis Lake sediments. This report also examines sediment core profiles collected from basins in Kenogamisis Lake to gain insight into the importance of current net influxes of elements into the

lake relative to more historical loadings. This information will provide a preoperational understanding of lake sediment quality useful in assessing possible impacts from the dewatering program.

If you have any questions, or require further information on the report, please do not hesitate to contact us.

Sincerely,

Derek Parks, B.Sc. M.Sc.

Director and Senior Aquatic Specialist [email protected]

Report Drafted by: Jerry White, M.Sc. (Environmental Scientist)

Report Drafted by: John Parks, B.SC. (Senior Environmental Scientist) Report Reviewed by: John Parks, B.SC. (Senior Environmental Scientist) JW and JWP: djp

Encl. cc: Ewan Downie, Premier Gold Mines

<Original signed by>


Hardrock Pro jec t – Gera ldton , Ontar io

A Spa t ia l a nd Te mpora l As ses sme nt o f Meta l /Meta l lo id Conce nt ra t ions in


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Executive Summary

This report reviews the results of an analysis of metal/metalloid concentrations in surface sediments

and sediment cores from Kenogamisis Lake to examine the current spatial distribution within the lake

and to examine temporal trends in core profiles since mining operations ceased in the early 1970s.

Surface sediments (top 5 cm) were collected at forty-six stations in Kenogamisis Lake in May 2011

and analyzed for a large number of parameters using standard analytical methods. Results of the

analysis indicated that surface sediments in many parts of Kenogamisis Lake were enriched with total

organic carbon, arsenic, chromium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, phosphorus and

zinc and many of the sites had concentrations that exceeded Provincial Sediment Quality Guidelines.

The most impacted were sediments collected in Barton Bay, with a trend in decreasing concentrations

as stations progressed towards the lake outflow.

Sediment cores from within the individual basins of Kenogamisis Lake were also collected in May

2011. Similar to surface sediments, the concentration of total organic carbon, arsenic, chromium,

copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, phosphorus and zinc were elevated in comparison to

background levels established from deeper down-core samples in the sediment core. A noticeable

shift in the sediment core profile for most parameters was observed around 10 cm in the Kenogamisis

Lake sediment cores and around 20 cm in the Mosher Lake core which was expected to correspond

to the onset of mining activity in the area; however, results from radioisotope dating are not available

at this time to confirm or clarify this assumption. Comparison between sediment cores with respect to

the spatial distribution of metal/metalloids showed similar trends that were observed in surface

sediment samples. Review of the upper 10 cm of the sediment core stratigraphies also indicated that

in the 40 years since mining activity ceased, most metal concentrations remained highest at the

sediment-water interface with some metals in slow decline throughout much of the lake.





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Table of Contents

1 Introduction ..................................................................................................1

2 Study Area and Methods .............................................................................3 2.1 Study Area ................................................................................................................. 3 2.2 Field Methods ............................................................................................................. 4

2.2.1 Surficial Sediment Collection ...................................................................................... 4

2.2.2 Sediment Core Collection ........................................................................................... 4

2.3 Laboratory Methods ................................................................................................... 4 2.4 Numerical Methods .................................................................................................... 5

2.4.1 Surface Sediments ...................................................................................................... 5

3 Surface Sediments .......................................................................................9 3.1 Results ....................................................................................................................... 9

3.1.1 Data Screening ............................................................................................................ 9

3.1.2 Spatial Distribution – Kenogamisis Lake ................................................................... 10

3.2 Summary .................................................................................................................. 31

4 Sediment Cores ......................................................................................... 35 4.1 Results ..................................................................................................................... 35

4.1.1 Kenogamisis Lake ..................................................................................................... 35

4.1.2 Mosher Lake .............................................................................................................. 35

4.2 Summary .................................................................................................................. 51

5 References ................................................................................................. 52

Appendices

A. Sediment Core Data





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List of Tables

Table 3-1 Mean, standard deviation (SD), minimum and maximum of sediment quality

parameters at West Barton Bay; 2011. Shaded values exceed Provincial Sediment

Quality Guidelines ((PSQG) Ontario Ministry of the Environment 2008) lowest effects

level (LEL) or severe effects level (SEL), while bolded and italicized values exceed

the interim sediment quality guideline (ISQG) or probable effect level (PEL) for the

Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment ((CCME) 2001) Sediment Quality

Guidelines for the protection of aquatic life. Underlined values exceed mean

background concentrations derived from the 20 cm interval of sediment cores (n=3)

collected in Kenogamisis. Units are ug/g unless otherwise noted. ......................................... 12


parameters at Barton Bay; 2011. Shaded values exceed Provincial Sediment Quality

Guidelines ((PSQG) Ontario Ministry of the Environment 2008) lowest effects level

(LEL) or severe effects level (SEL), while bolded and italicized values exceed the

interim sediment quality guideline (ISQG) or probable effect level (PEL) for the




collected in Kenogamisis Lake. Units are ug/g unless otherwise noted. ................................ 13


parameters at the MacLeod Basin; 2011. Shaded values exceed Provincial Sediment









parameters at the Outflow Basin; 2011. Shaded values exceed Provincial Sediment







collected in Kenogamisis Lake. Units are ug/g unless otherwise noted. ................................ 15


parameters at the Southwest Arm; 2011. Shaded values exceed Provincial Sediment










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parameters at Mosher Lake; 2011. Shaded values exceed Provincial Sediment






background concentrations derived from the 24 cm to 32 cm intervals of a sediment

core collected in Mosher Lake. Units are ug/g unless otherwise noted .................................. 17

Table 3-7 Comparison of parameters of concern in surficial sediments to background

concentrations derived from sediment core data. Shaded values indicated basins

which exceed PSQG-LEL in at least one surface sediment sample, while bolded

values indicate basins which have significantly greater mean concentrations of the

parameter of concern compared to background. (WBB – West Barton Bay; BB –

Barton Bay; MB – MacLeod Basin; OFB – Outflow Basin; SWA – Southwest Arm; ML

– Mosher Lake). ....................................................................................................................... 28

Table 3-8 Comparison of parameters of concern in surficial sediments to background

concentrations derived from sediment core data. Shaded values indicated basins

which exceed mean background concentrations in at least 20% of surface sediment

samples, while bolded values indicate basins which have significantly greater mean

concentrations of the parameter of concern compared to background. (WBB – West

Barton Bay; BB – Barton Bay; MB – MacLeod Basin; OFB – Outflow Basin; SWA –

Southwest Arm; ML – Mosher Lake). ...................................................................................... 29

Table 3-9 West Barton Bay, Barton Bay and MacLeod Basin mean surface and sediment core

parameter concentrations and the magnitude of difference of statistically significant

parameters. All units in µg/g unless otherwise noted. ............................................................. 33

Table 3-10 Outflow Basin, Southwest Arm and Mosher Lake mean surface and sediment core

parameter concentrations and the magnitude of difference of statistically significant

parameters. All units in µg/g unless otherwise noted. ............................................................. 34





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List of Figures

Figure 1-1 General location of the Hardrock Project, Geraldton Ontario. ................................................... 2

Figure 2-1 .Surface sediment and sediment core sampling stations in Kenogamisis and Mosher

Lakes; 2011. .............................................................................................................................. 7

Figure 2-2 Kenogamisis Lake sediment core sample. ................................................................................ 8

Figure 3-1 Kenogamisis Lake surface sediment arsenic concentrations. ................................................ 18

Figure 3-2 Kenogamisis Lake surface sediment chromium concentrations. ............................................ 19

Figure 3-3 Kenogamisis Lake surface sediment copper concentrations. ................................................. 20

Figure 3-4 Kenogamisis Lake surface sediment iron concentrations. ...................................................... 21

Figure 3-5 Kenogamisis Lake surface sediment manganese concentrations. ......................................... 22

Figure 3-6 Kenogamisis Lake surface sediment mercury concentrations. ............................................... 23

Figure 3-7 Kenogamisis Lake surface sediment nickel concentrations. ................................................... 24

Figure 3-8 Kenogamisis Lake surface sediment zinc concentrations. ...................................................... 25

Figure 3-9 Kenogamisis Lake surface sediment TOC concentrations. .................................................... 26

Figure 3-10 Kenogamisis Lake surface sediment phosphorus concentrations. ......................................... 27

Figure 3-11 Principal Component Analysis (PCA) ordination diagram of the surface sediment

samples from the Kenogamisis and Mosher Lake with respect to the 11 parameters

with Provincial Sediment Quality Guidelines. Samples are coded based on the basin

in which they were collected. ................................................................................................... 30

Figure 4-1 West Barton Bay sediment core stratigraphy for parameters with Provincial Sediment

Quality Guidelines (excluding cadmium). ................................................................................ 37

Figure 4-2 Barton Bay sediment core stratigraphy for parameters with Provincial Sediment


Figure 4-3 MacLeod Basin sediment core stratigraphy for parameters with Provincial Sediment


Figure 4-4 Outflow Basin sediment core stratigraphy for parameters with Provincial Sediment


Figure 4-5 Southwest Arm sediment core stratigraphy for parameters with Provincial Sediment


Figure 4-6 Mosher Lake sediment core stratigraphy for parameters with Provincial Sediment

Quality Guidelines. .................................................................................................................. 42

Figure 4-7 Sediment total organic carbon (TOC) profiles for all five Kenogamisis Lake basins.

Note: scale differs between locations. ..................................................................................... 43

Figure 4-8 Sediment arsenic profiles for all five Kenogamisis Lake basins. Note: scale differs

between locations. ................................................................................................................... 44

Figure 4-9 Sediment copper profiles for all five Kenogamisis Lake basins. Note: scale differs


Figure 4-10 Sediment iron profiles for all five Kenogamisis Lake basins. Note: scale differs


Figure 4-11 Sediment manganese profiles for all five Kenogamisis Lake basins. Note: scale

differs between locations ......................................................................................................... 47





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Figure 4-12 Sediment mercury profiles for all five Kenogamisis Lake basins. Note: scale differs


Figure 4-13 Sediment nickel profiles for all five Kenogamisis Lake basins. Note: scale differs


Figure 4-14 Sediment phosphorus profiles for all five Kenogamisis Lake basins. Note: scale

differs between locations. ........................................................................................................ 50





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1 Introduction

The Premier Hardrock Project (hereinafter referred to as the ‘Mine’, ‘Project’ or the ‘Property’) is located

approximately 5.5 km south of the town of Geraldton, Ontario, at the intersection of Provincial Highway 11

and 584 (Figure 1-1). The project is located in the southeast corner of Ashmore Township in the Municipality of Greenstone within the Beardmore/Geraldton gold belt (49⁰40’42”N, 86⁰56’30”W). The

Premier Hardrock Project is the advanced exploration phase of development and is initiating dewatering

operations within the historic MacLeod Cockshutt and Mosher Mine sites (referred to hereinafter as the

MacLeod-Mosher Mine Complex) to further explore gold deposits in the area. Discharge water from

dewatering operations is designed to meet Ontario Provincial Water Quality Objectives prior to its

discharge into Kenogamisis Lake.

As previously mentioned, the Hardrock Project is located on the former MacLeod-Mosher Mine Complex

which operated continuously from 1938 to 1970. Thirteen million tons of ore was milled during this time

and 1.8 million ounces of gold were produced between the two facilities (Greenstone Economic

Development Corporation 2012). Processing activities at the site included a 500 tons per day (tpd)

floatation/cyanide mill that was upgraded to 2,500 tpd in 1964 and a four bed roaster constructed in 1940

that was used in the early years for processing refractory ores (Brugger 2011). Initially, tailings from the

facility were deposited along the southern shores of Kenogamisis Lake’s Barton Bay which was known as

the MacLeod Low Tailings and later tailings were impounded on the north side of Highway 11 in an area

referred to as the MacLeod High Tailings.

Historic milling and roasting operations along with direct deposition of tailings and effluent into

Kenogamisis Lake from not only the MacLeod-Mosher Complex but also other historic mine sites (Little

Long Lac Mine and the Hardrock Mine) have impacted sediments, water, benthic invertebrates and fish.

This report examines the spatial distribution of a large number of metals in surface sediments collected

from the five basins in Kenogamisis Lake as well as Mosher Lake. This information will document current

sediment conditions in the lake prior to dewatering and any future mining operations. Sediment cores

collected from each basin in Kenogamisis and Mosher Lakes were also examined to detect temporal

changes in sediment quality that might have occurred since mining ceased in the area over forty years

ago in 1970.





- 2 -

Figure 1-1 General location of the Hardrock Project, Geraldton Ontario.

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FIGURE 1-1:Hardrock Project Location

Geraldton, Ontario

Project #: 11-06 DECEMBER 2012

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PARKS ENVIRONMENTAL INC.





- 3 -

2 Study Area and Methods

2.1 Study Area

MacLeod Basin of Kenogamisis Lake (49⁰40’46.0”N, 86⁰52’45.0”W) is located approximately 7.0 km

southeast of the Town of Geraldton, Ontario, while Barton Bay on Kenogamisis Lake (49⁰42’2.0”N,

86⁰57’12.0”W) is located 3.0 km directly south of the town. Kenogamisis Lake is located within the Lake

Nipigon ecoregion of the boreal shield ecozone. Climate is classified as a Moist Mid-boreal Ecoclimate

with annual precipitation ranging from 654 mm to 879 mm and mean summer rainfall ranging from 231

mm to 298 mm (Ecological Stratification Working Group 1995). Mean annual temperatures range from -1.7 ⁰C to 2.1 ⁰C and the length of the growing season ranges from 161 days to 182 days (Crins et al.

2009). Mature forests are typically dominated by black spruce; however, white birch, jack pine and poplar

are well represented as secondary species (Racey et al. 1999). Growing season moisture deficits and

shallow substrates result in relatively frequent and large fires with mixed hardwood-conifer forest fire

cycles ranging between 70 years to 210 years and jack pine fire cycles ranging from 50 years to 187

years (Crins et al. 2009).

The area is underlain by the granitic bedrock of the Precambrian Shield along with substantial formations

of other volcanic or sedimentary rocks (basalt, greenstone, siltstone and shale; Crins et al. 2009).

Surficial overburden consists largely of ground moraine with considerable amounts of glaciolacustrine and

glaciofluvial deposits (Crins et al. 2009). Soils in poorly drained areas and bedrock depressions are

largely peats and gleysols while well-drained areas show brunisolic and podzolic soil development (Crins

et al. 2009).

Kenogamisis Lake has a surface area of 25.43 km2 and is a relatively shallow lake with an average depth

of 2.0 m and a maximum depth of 9.8 m (Environment Ontario 1982). The Kenogamisis River is the main

source of water (~62%) to Kenogamisis Lake which discharges into the southwest arm of the lake.

Secondary sources of water to the lake include Magnet Creek (~10%) which flows in an easterly direction

from Magnet Lake emptying into West Barton Bay and McKelvie Creek which flows north from McKelvie

Lake and discharges into the MacLeod Basin. There are a number of additional smaller tributaries

(Mineral Creek, Octopus Creek, ect.) that also provide minor inflows to the lake. Water flows from

southwest to northeast in Kenogamisis Lake and exits through the outflow basin into the continuation of

the Kenogamisis River. Outflow from the lake is regulated by a small dam used to regulate lake levels for

downstream hydro development, Kenogamisis Lake cottagers and others. Historically (prior to the

1940’s), Kenogamisis Lake and River were part of the Albany River watershed which joined the

Kenogami River just north of Long Lake and which eventually discharged into Hudson Bay (Neff and Killian 2003). During World War II, a diversion dam (49⁰55’3.24”N, 86⁰29’22.77”W) was constructed north

of the Kenogamisis and Kenogami River confluence that redirected water originally flowing into Hudson

Bay towards Lake Superior for use in hydroelectric generation in support of the war effort (Neff and Killian

2003). The Long Lake drainage basin encompassed 4377 km2 and remains diverted to supply additional

water to hydroelectric plants in Terrace Bay (Neff and Killian 2003)





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2.2 Field Methods

2.2.1 Surficial Sediment Collection

Surface sediment samples (0 – 5 cm) were collected on May 15th 2011 from Kenogamisis and Mosher

Lakes for analysis of sediment grain size, total organic carbon (TOC) content and total metal/metalloid

concentrations. Forty-six samples were collected at various locations within Kenogamisis Lake and 9

samples were collected from Mosher Lake (Figure 2-1). Within Kenogamisis Lake, 8 samples were

collected from West Barton Bay, 10 samples were collected from Barton Bay, 10 were collected from the

MacLeod Basin, 9 were collected from the Outflow Basin and 9 were collected from the Southwest Arm to

access the spatial distribution of the parameters measured. A Lucite (Glew gravity corer, Glew, 1989)

tube fitted with rubber stoppers was used to recover samples in order to minimize disturbance to

unconsolidated sediments at the surface-water interface (Figure 2-2). Sediment samples were retained

only if the overlying waters at the top of the core sample were undisturbed upon retrieval. Thus sediment

samples were collected only where substrate conditions permitted and not on a random basis. This

sampling procedure was designed to overcome limitations observed previously on this watercourse

where more conventional Ponar or Eckman dredge techniques proved unsuccessful in some locations

because the substrate was so unconsolidated that the dredges could not adequately sample the

sediment–water interface (Ontario Ministry of the Environment 1982).

2.2.2 Sediment Core Collection

Fifteen sediment cores were collected at 6 locations in Kenogamisis Lake in May 2011 in which duplicate

cores were collected in West Barton Bay, the MacLeod Basin (MacLeod), the Southwest Arm and Barton

Bay and triplicate cores were collected in the Outflow Basin, the Bell Island and an additional Barton Bay

location (Figure 2-1). Duplicate cores were also collected at two sites in Mosher Lake (Figure 2-1). The

cores were collected from the deepest part of each basin using a Glew gravity corer (Glew, 1989) fitted

with a Lucite tube (7.6-cm inside diameter). The cores were sectioned into 1.0 cm intervals at the field

base and stored at 4oC until analysis. Single sediment cores from West Barton Bay, Barton Bay, the

MacLeod Basin, the Outflow Basin and the Southwest Arm were analyzed for TOC and total

metal/metalloid concentrations at ALS Laboratories (Thunder Bay, ON). Duplicate cores were submitted

to Flett Research for radioisotope dating.

2.3 Laboratory Methods

At the analytical laboratory, TOC was determined by the wet oxidation/CO2 trap method (Carter 1993)

and metals analysis except for mercury were conducted using inductively coupled plasma optical

emission spectrometry (ICP/OES) after vigorously digesting the sample with nitric acid and hydrogen

peroxide (Method reference: EPA 200.2/6020A). Mercury determination was completed by cold vapour

atomic absorption spectrometry (Method reference: SWA846 3050B/7471).

Sediment phosphorus concentrations were also completed by ICP/OES and not by colourimetry as was

used to derive sediment quality guidelines. As phosphorus determination by inductively coupled plasma

spectrometry has been found to deviate from colourimetric techniques; therefore, comparison to sediment





- 5 -

quality guidelines for this parameter should be made cautiously (Pierzynski et al. 2005; Ivanov et al.

2010)

2.4 Numerical Methods

2.4.1 Surface Sediments

Surface sediments were assessed following the data screening methods outlined in Guidelines for

Identifying, assessing, and Managing Contaminated Sediments in Ontario: An Integrated Approach

(Ontario Ministry of the Environment 2008).

Initially, the parameters measured in surface sediments from Kenogamisis and Mosher Lakes were

separated into groups based on the availability of Provincial Sediment Quality Guidelines (PSQG).

Parameters with applicable PSQG were first compared to guidelines to identify potential parameters of

concern. Parameters that exceeded PSQG lowest effects level (LEL) were then compared to background

concentrations. If parameter was statistically higher and exceeded background levels by more than 20%

then the difference was deemed to be of ecological significance and warranted further investigation. In

cases when the parameter value was at the method detection limit, the method detection limit was used

in comparisons to be as conservative as possible.

Parameters with no PSQG-LEL were first compared to mean background concentrations. Parameters

with more than 20% of the samples exceeding background were further investigated by determining if the

parameter was statistically higher and exceeded background levels by more than 20%. Parameters that

met these criteria were also considered ecological significant and warranted further investigation. In

cases when the parameter value was at the method detection limit, the method detection limit was used

in comparisons to be as conservative as possible.

Background parameter concentrations were usually estimated by calculating the average value for

sediment core samples located at the bottom of the core which was believed to have been deposited prior

to mining activities in the area. This assumption was based on the large shifts observed in metals

associated with mining activity in the core profiles. Such estimates will be confirmed with results of

radioisotope analysis of duplicate cores which is not yet available. Average concentrations were based on

5 samples from a sediment core from each basin and separate background concentrations were

established for each basin except Barton Bay. Background values from the MacLeod Basin sediment

core were used to estimate background for Barton Bay because the deepest part of the core was not

believed to represent pristine conditions. In cases when the parameter value was at the method detection

limit, the method detection limit was used in calculations to be as conservative as possible.

Magnitude of difference between surface sediments and background were calculated as:

Magnitude of difference (%) = ((surface sediments – background)/background)*100





- 6 -

Statistical comparisons between surface sediment concentrations and background levels were completed

using the Mann Whitney U Test as the assumptions of parametric tests were not satisfied. Statistical

analyses were performed using Systat 13® with the probability of a Type I (α) error was set to 0.05.

A principal components analysis (PCA) was performed on the surface sediment data set from all basins to

explore spatial patterns of variation in sediment chemistry among the 55 stations sampled in 2011. The

PCA was run using the software Systat 13®. Metal and TOC concentrations were assessed for normality

using Systat 13® statistical software and all data with non-normal distributions were log10 transformed.

All core stratigraphies and ordination diagrams were completed using SigmPlot 12® graphing software

and all maps was completed using ArcGIS ® version 9.3.1.



A Spa t ia l a nd Te mpora l As ses sme nt o f Meta l /Meta l lo i d Conce nt ra t ions in Ke noga mis is Lake Se dime nts

(2 012)

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Figure 2-1 Surface sediment and sediment core sampling stations in Kenogamisis and Mosher Lakes; 2011.

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Figure 2-2 Kenogamisis Lake sediment core sample.





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3 Surface Sediments

3.1 Results

3.1.1 Data Screening

3.1.1.1 Kenogamisis Lake

Comparison of the chemical sediment data to PSQG indicated that sediment chromium, copper, iron,

lead, manganese, mercury, zinc, TOC and phosphorus concentrations were almost always above levels

(PSQG-LEL) expected to have minimal effects on sediment dwelling organisms in West Barton Bay,

Barton Bay and the MacLeod Basin (Table 3-1, Table 3-2; Table 3-3). Similar exceedances of PSQG-LEL

in most of these parameters (except for mercury and zinc) were also observed at sampling stations 45 to

49 in the Southwest Arm and at Stations 37 and 38 of the outflow basin (Table 3-4 and Table 3-5;).

Sediment concentrations of mercury and zinc had declined below PSQG-LEL at all stations within these

two basins (Table 3-4 and Table 3-5). Sediment arsenic concentrations exceeded levels which are

expected to have a detrimental effect on the majority of sediment-dwelling organisms at all the stations

sampled in West Barton Bay, Barton Bay and the MacLeod Basin and at approximately 50% of the

stations that were sampled in the Outflow Basin and the Southwest Arm of Kenogamisis Lake (Table 3-1

to Table 3-5). Stations that did not exceed PSQG-SEL exceeded the PSQG-LEL at the remaining stations

in Kenogamisis Lake. Sediment copper and iron concentrations also exceeded the PSQG-SEL at some

stations but the affected areas were limited to sections of West Barton Bay, Barton Bay and the MacLeod

Basin adjacent to historic tailings areas (Table 3-1; Table 3-2; Table 3-3).

Comparison of the individual basin parameters that have PSQG to basin specific background

concentrations indicated that mean chromium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, zinc, TOC and

phosphorus concentrations were significantly higher in surficial sediments collected in West Barton Bay,

Barton Bay and the MacLeod Basin than in pre-industrial down-core samples except for cadmium in all

basins and TOC which was significantly higher in pre-industrial sediments collected in West Barton Bay

(Table 3-7). Very few of these parameters were higher than background in the Outflow Basin and the

Southwest Arm which suggested historic mining influence was greatest in West Barton Bay, Barton Bay

and the MacLeod Basin of Kenogamisis Lake (Table 3-7). In fact in the Outflow Basin, chromium, iron

and phosphorus concentrations were significantly lower in surface sediments compared to background. It

should be noted however, the concentration of most parameters were notably higher at Stations 37 and

38 which were located immediately downstream of the discharge from the MacLeod Basin. Comparison

of surface sediments from these two stations to Outflow Basin background concentrations indicated that

mean TOC, arsenic, copper, lead, mercury, nickel and zinc were significantly higher (Table 3-7). Only the

mean lead concentration in Southwest Arm surface sediments was higher than average background

levels when comparing all sampling stations (Table 3-7). Similar to the Outflow Basin, a number of

parameters (chromium, iron, and nickel) were significantly lower in the Southwest Arm surface sediments

than in the sediment core. However, when comparing stations located immediately south of the historic

Hardrock Mine arsenic roaster site (Stations 45 – 49), arsenic concentrations (p = 0.05) were also

significantly higher than background levels.





- 10 -

When comparing parameters of concern without PSQG to background levels, mean aluminum, antimony,

barium, cobalt, lithium sodium and vanadium concentrations were found to be significantly higher in West

Barton Bay, Barton Bay and MacLeod Basin surface sediments than average concentrations found in

down-core sediment intervals (Table 3-8). Mean silver and strontium concentrations in Barton Bay and

the mean strontium concentration in MacLeod Basin surface sediments were also significantly higher than

background (Table 3-8). No parameters without PSQG were found to be higher in the Outflow Basin and

only surface sediment sodium concentrations in the Southwest Arm were found to be significantly higher

than background (Table 3-8).

3.1.1.2 Mosher Lake

Surface sediment TOC, cadmium, copper, lead and phosphorus concentrations exceeded PSQG-LEL, in

one or more samples while arsenic concentrations exceeded PSQG-SEL in all the surficial sediments

collected from Mosher Lake (Table 3-6).

When the parameters of concern with PSQG were compared to Mosher Lake background concentrations,

mean arsenic, cadmium, iron, manganese, phosphorus and zinc concentrations were found to be

significantly higher in surface sediments (Table 3-8).

Comparison of the parameters of concern without PSQG to background levels indicated that mean

surface sediment concentrations of boron, calcium, lithium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and titanium

were significantly higher (Table 3-8).

3.1.2 Spatial Distribution – Kenogamisis Lake

Parameter distribution maps of Kenogamisis Lake with sampling station markers scaled relative to

parameter concentrations clearly illustrated the spatial distribution of each PSQG parameter within the

lake. The surface sediment concentrations of arsenic (Figure 3-1), chromium (Figure 3-2), copper (Figure

3-3), iron (Figure 3-4), nickel (Figure 3-7) and phosphorus (Figure 3-10) were highest in Barton Bay. The

next highest concentrations of arsenic, copper, iron, nickel and phosphorus were observed in West

Barton Bay and the MacLeod Basin, while chromium was highest only in the MacLeod Basin. The lowest

concentrations of these parameters were always observed in the Outflow Basin and the Southwest Arm

except for chromium levels which were also relatively low at West Barton Bay stations (Figure 3-2).

Surface sediment mercury and TOC concentrations were highest in West Barton Bay (Figure 3-6; Figure

3-9). Mercury concentrations were next highest in Barton Bay and the MacLeod Basin; however, TOC

concentrations were very similar throughout the rest of Kenogamisis Lake with the exception of Station 46

in the Southwest Arm. The highest manganese concentrations were observed at stations located in the

MacLeod Basin but there were two stations in the Southwest Arm and single stations in Barton Bay and

the Outflow Basin that had similarly high levels (Figure 3-5). The highest surface sediment zinc

concentrations were observed throughout West Barton Bay, Barton Bay and the MacLeod Basin, while

lower concentrations were observed at the remainder of the stations in the lake (Figure 3-8).

Principal Components Analysis of the 11 PSQG parameters from the 55 sampling stations located in

Kenogamisis and Mosher Lake was used to explore spatial patterns of variation in metal concentrations.





- 11 -

PCA axis 1 captured 67.8 % of the variation in parameter concentrations among the sampling stations. All

metals (As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, Hg, Ni, P and Zn) were strongly and positively correlated with the first

ordination axis (Figure 3-11). A further 15.4% of the variation among sampling stations was explained by

axis 2 of the ordination in which the concentration of TOC was strongly and positively correlated (Figure

3-11). Sampling stations that plotted to the right in the ordination diagram had higher metal

concentrations, while sampling stations to the left in the ordination diagram had lower values for these

parameters. Sampling stations that were located above axis 2 also had higher concentrations of TOC.

From the distribution of sampling stations in the ordination diagram, it is clearly illustrated that stations in

Barton Bay plotted furthest to the right and below axis two suggesting that these stations had the highest

surface sediment metal concentrations combined with lower TOC. Most West Barton Bay and MacLeod

Basin sites plot in similar space along axis 1 suggesting metal concentrations were comparable; however

West Barton Bay sites plot above axis 1 indicating that these stations had higher TOC concentrations.

Mosher Lake sites plotted in the top half of the ordination diagram due largely to its much higher TOC

levels, while Outflow Basin and Southwest Arm stations plot in the lower left quadrant associated with the

lowest concentrations of all parameters.



A Spa t ia l a nd Te mpora l As ses sme nt o f Meta l /Meta l lo id Co nce nt ra t ions in Ke noga mis is Lake Se dime nts (201 2 )

- 12 -

Table 3-1 Mean, standard deviation (SD), minimum and maximum of sediment quality parameters at West Barton Bay; 2011. Shaded values exceed Provincial Sediment Quality Guidelines ((PSQG) Ontario Ministry of the Environment 2008) lowest effects level (LEL) or severe effects level (SEL), while bolded and italicized values exceed the interim sediment quality guideline (ISQG) or probable effect level (PEL) for the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment ((CCME) 2001) Sediment Quality Guidelines for the protection of aquatic life. Underlined values exceed mean background concentrations derived from the 20 cm interval of sediment cores (n=3) collected in Kenogamisis. Units are ug/g unless otherwise noted.

West Barton Bay

PSQG

CCME

Background

Concentration

Site 1 2 3 4 6 8 9 10 Mean SD Min Max LEL SEL ISQG PEL Mean

Parameter Moisture (%) 85.2 87.0 88.7 81.8 84.7 79.8 78.8 77.0 82.88 4.16 77.00 88.70 Sand (2.0mm - 0.05mm)(%) 1.15 1.34 5.39 16.7 5.54 3.40 - 6.96

5.78 5.29 1.15 16.70

Silt (0.05mm - 2um)(%) 80.9 79.7 83.6 71.9 85.2 77.3 - 84.5 80.44 4.70 71.90 85.20

Clay (<2um)(%) 18.0 18.9 11.1 11.4 9.22 19.3 - 8.58 13.79 4.75 8.58 19.30

Total organic carbon (%) 9.42 13.0 12.2 10.8 9.11 17.4 8.16 6.11 10.78 3.47 6.11 17.40 1 10 1.6

Metals Aluminum (Al) 13400 13100 9110 8290 8940 9370 10600 10600 10426.3 1915.1 8290 13400 3500

Antimony (Sb) 8.2 5.6 2.9 3.2 4.7 7.6 5.8 7.3 5.66 1.98 2.90 8.20 <1.0

Arsenic (As) 293 274 261 298 189 235 300 325 271.88 43.25 189.00 325.00 6 33 5.9 17 5.22

Barium (Ba) 85.1 85.4 68.0 64.5 62.9 66.7 67.9 61.5 70.25 9.54 61.50 85.40 17.24

Beryllium (Be) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 - - - <0.50

Bismuth (Bi) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 - - - <1.0

Boron (B) 5.0 5.0 5.4 5.1 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 5.13 0.19 5.00 5.40 7.43

Cadmium (Cd) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 - - - 0.6 10 0.6 3.5 <0.50

Calcium (Ca) 8810 9470 9690 8090 8180 7510 10300 13100 9393.8 1761.2 7510 13100 16346

Chromium (Cr) 30.7 30.6 25.3 23.0 24.0 24.4 26.7 26.0 26.34 2.90 23.00 30.70 26 110 37.3 90 12.52

Cobalt (Co) 12.5 11.0 8.0 7.7 8.2 10.3 11.9 13.5 10.39 2.22 7.70 13.50 3.26

Copper (Cu) 110 91.5 64.5 62.8 66.2 87.6 74.4 66.6 77.95 16.88 62.80 110.00 16 110 35.7 197 3.32

Iron (Fe) 34400 28300 21600 21600 20100 24200 31600 34700 27062.5 5983.8 20100 34700 20,000 40,000 7018

Lead (Pb) 38.5 36.1 27.1 28.0 24.2 29.1 30.2 28.9 30.26 4.74 24.20 38.50 31 250 35 91.3 1.96

Lithium (Li) 21.8 19.5 12.6 10.8 13.3 16.4 20.3 22.1 17.10 4.44 10.80 22.10 3.52

Magnesium (Mg) 6400 5740 4160 3810 3940 4980 7580 9370 5747.5 1965.3 3810 9370 10248

Manganese (Mn) 431 479 675 579 423 419 469 527 500.3 89.6 419 675 460 1000 170

Mercury (Hg) 1.34 1.14 0.766 0.752 0.702 1.04 1.06 1.01 0.98 0.22 0.70 1.34 0.2 2 0.17 0.46 0.014

Molybdenum (Mo) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 - - - <1.0

Nickel (Ni) 37.2 34.8 26.1 24.6 26.9 32.4 33.4 35.0 31.30 4.75 24.60 37.20 16 75 6.22

Phosphorus (P) 795 754 722 678 656 694 715 660 709.3 47.8 656.0 795.0 600 2000 469

Potassium (K) 1160 1180 890 820 860 920 910 850 948.8 140.5 820.0 1180.0 388

Selenium (Se) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 - - - <1.0

Silver (Ag) 0.24 0.22 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 0.20 <0.20 <0.22 0.02 <0.20 0.24 <0.20

Sodium (Na) 190 210 170 140 150 140 140 130 158.8 28.5 130 210 <100

Strontium (Sr) 33.3 29.8 24.7 23.0 23.0 27.8 42.6 66.0 33.78 14.55 23.00 66.00 16.32

Thallium (Tl) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 - - - <0.50

Tin (Sn) <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 - - - <5.0

Titanium (Ti) 204 231 284 268 336 267 231 178 249.9 49.6 178 336 569

Uranium (U) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 - - - <1.0

Vanadium (V) 25.7 24.6 20.2 18.9 20.2 21.1 23.1 23.0 22.10 2.37 18.90 25.70 14.32

Zinc (Zn) 159 152 120 112 118 131 135 125 131.50 16.59 112.00 159.00 120 820 123 315 13.98




- 13 -

Table 3-2 Mean, standard deviation (SD), minimum and maximum of sediment quality parameters at Barton Bay; 2011. Shaded values exceed Provincial Sediment Quality Guidelines ((PSQG) Ontario Ministry of the Environment 2008) lowest effects level (LEL) or severe effects level (SEL), while bolded and italicized values exceed the interim sediment quality guideline (ISQG) or probable effect level (PEL) for the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment ((CCME) 2001) Sediment Quality Guidelines for the protection of aquatic life. Underlined values exceed mean background concentrations derived from the 20 cm interval of sediment cores (n=3) collected in Kenogamisis Lake. Units are ug/g unless otherwise noted.

Barton Bay

PSQG

CCME

Background

Concentration

Site 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Mean SD Min Max LEL SEL ISQG PEL Mean

Parameter Moisture (%) 72.3 78.6 78.5 74.5 76.6 65.1 58.5 70.6 61.7 73.2 70.96 7.01 58.50 78.60 Sand (2.0mm - 0.05mm)(%) 2.93 1.77 0.40 0.82 7.03 0.66 0.37 1.07 5.63 10.9

3.16 3.57 0.37 10.90

Silt (0.05mm - 2um)(%) 82.5 79.9 76.7 75.2 75.9 76.5 81.3 79.9 81.0 72.5 78.14 3.22 72.50 82.50

Clay (<2um)(%) 14.6 18.3 22.9 24.0 17.1 22.9 18.3 19.1 13.3 16.5 18.70 3.61 13.30 24.00

Total organic carbon (%) 4.69 4.90 5.45 3.78 7.05 4.00 3.15 3.78 4.14 6.07 4.70 1.20 3.15 7.05 1 10 1.6

Metals Aluminum (Al) 14500 17500 20800 24600 12100 23800 30100 22100 17500 14200 19720.0 5584.5 12100 30100 3500

Antimony (Sb) 6.5 5.6 2.8 3.7 1.9 2.6 2.0 3.1 2.0 2.0 3.22 1.61 1.90 6.50 <1.0

Arsenic (As) 407 562 639 1020 262 812 1020 826 772 349 666.90 268.97 262.00 1020.00 6 33 5.9 17 5.22

Barium (Ba) 65.0 81.4 93.4 107 66.5 98.1 98.8 88.8 63.4 69.7 83.21 16.18 63.40 107.00 17.24

Beryllium (Be) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 - - - <0.50

Bismuth (Bi) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 - - - <1.0

Boron (B) <5.0 <5.0 5.7 <5.0 5.4 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 5.1 5.1 5.33 0.29 5.10 5.70 7.43

Cadmium (Cd) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 - - - 0.6 10 0.6 3.5 <0.50

Calcium (Ca) 12700 9470 8680 7600 10800 8400 10200 7240 9820 8250 9316.0 1644.8 7240 12700 16346

Chromium (Cr) 48.0 63.9 85.8 106 47.0 101 126 93.7 71.9 53.0 79.63 27.12 47.00 126.00 26 110 37.3 90 12.52

Cobalt (Co) 15.6 16.8 17.9 21.4 10.8 20.0 24.7 19.2 16.0 12.2 17.46 4.16 10.80 24.70 3.26

Copper (Cu) 94.7 112 150 185 135 140 113 156 111 112 130.87 27.41 94.70 185.00 16 110 35.7 197 3.32

Iron (Fe) 41700 46700 51400 62400 28600 58000 59800 56000 45900 32800 48330.0 11422.5 28600 62400 20,000 40,000 7018

Lead (Pb) 31.0 33.3 31.0 30.8 21.7 28.2 22.6 26.2 19.5 21.3 26.56 4.97 19.50 33.30 31 250 35 91.3 1.96

Lithium (Li) 21.7 19.9 18.2 17.0 9.5 16.6 16.4 15.7 10.5 10.5 15.60 4.15 9.50 21.70 3.52

Magnesium (Mg) 12600 12200 13500 15600 9350 15800 21400 14500 13500 8740 13719.0 3574.8 8740 21400 10248

Manganese (Mn) 644 596 626 872 471 658 740 700 624 490 642.1 116.0 471 872 460 1000 170

Mercury (Hg) 0.528 0.465 0.324 0.283 0.277 0.250 0.151 0.269 0.168 0.271 0.30 0.12 0.15 0.53 0.2 2 0.17 0.46 0.014

Molybdenum (Mo) <1.0 1.1 1.1 1.3 <1.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 <1.0 <1.0 <1.18 0.08 <1.0 1.3 <1.0

Nickel (Ni) 41.4 47.2 54.2 63.8 36.0 58.2 67.1 56.6 45.5 42.8 51.28 10.25 36.00 67.10 16 75 6.22

Phosphorus (P) 754 870 1070 1080 883 1040 1110 930 804 849 939.0 126.9 754.0 1110.0 600 2000 469

Potassium (K) 1210 1810 2490 3100 1420 2860 3370 2470 1770 1580 2208.0 751.4 1210.0 3370.0 388

Selenium (Se) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 - - - <1.0

Silver (Ag) 0.34 0.44 0.67 0.58 0.59 0.58 0.38 0.50 0.33 0.46 0.487 0.116528 0.33 0.67 <0.20

Sodium (Na) 200 210 250 220 190 220 260 170 170 170 206.0 32.4 170 260 <100

Strontium (Sr) 65.3 46.2 35.2 31.3 25.0 36.4 42.5 28.6 33.7 23.1 36.73 12.34 23.10 65.30 16.32

Thallium (Tl) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 - - - <0.50

Tin (Sn) <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 - - - <5.0

Titanium (Ti) 278 347 486 595 462 572 680 532 505 479 493.6 116.4 278 680 569

Uranium (U) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 - - - <1.0

Vanadium (V) 32.8 41.2 53.5 65.6 31.2 62.9 79.7 58.9 46.8 35.3 50.79 16.09 31.20 79.70 14.32

Zinc (Zn) 146 166 180 196 119 193 191 165 128 132 161.60 28.80 119.00 196.00 120 820 123 315 13.98




- 14 -

Table 3-3 Mean, standard deviation (SD), minimum and maximum of sediment quality parameters at the MacLeod Basin; 2011. Shaded values exceed Provincial Sediment Quality Guidelines ((PSQG) Ontario Ministry of the Environment 2008) lowest effects level (LEL) or severe effects level (SEL), while bolded and italicized values exceed the interim sediment quality guideline (ISQG) or probable effect level (PEL) for the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment ((CCME) 2001) Sediment Quality Guidelines for the protection of aquatic life. Underlined values exceed mean background concentrations derived from the 20 cm interval of sediment cores (n=3) collected in Kenogamisis. Units are ug/g unless otherwise noted.

MacLeod Basin

PSQG

CCME

Background

Concentration

Site 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Mean SD Min Max LEL SEL ISQG PEL Mean

Parameter Moisture (%) 71.5 79.7 76.5 63.7 82.5 86.4 71.6 81.7 60.8 71.4 74.58 8.30 2.72 86.40

Sand (2.0mm - 0.05mm)(%) 9.07 2.89 4.92 7.72 5.41 - 51.8 2.72 59.7 13.1 17.48 22.02 2.72 59.70

Silt (0.05mm - 2um)(%) 83.6 84.9 84.2 75.8 78.3 - 40.9 77.1 29.6 72.5 69.66 20.14 7.34 84.90

Clay (<2um)(%) 7.34 12.2 10.9 16.5 16.3 - 7.34 20.2 10.7 14.4 12.88 4.35 2.55 20.20

Total organic carbon (%) 4.29 5.33 4.89 5.61 6.97 9.19 3.97 8.03 2.55 5.09 5.59 1.98 2.55 9.19 1 10 1.6

Metals Aluminum (Al) 11000 15200 14800 15000 13500 12700 8940 16000 8170 10200 12551.0 2809.8 1 16000 3500

Antimony (Sb) 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.4 1.7 1.1 <1.0 2.3 <1.0 <1.0 2.04 0.48 1.10 2.40 <1.0

Arsenic (As) 201 563 229 327 180 112 84.0 141 25.8 106 196.88 153.81 25.80 563.00 6 33 5.9 17 5.22

Barium (Ba) 59.3 83.1 84.2 89.7 86.5 81.9 57.4 107 45.3 67.8 76.22 18.40 45.30 107.00 17.24

Beryllium (Be) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 - - - <0.50

Bismuth (Bi) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 - - - <1.0

Boron (B) <5.0 <5.0 5.9 8.2 7.8 8.2 6.6 10.0 <5.0 7.2 7.70 1.32 5.90 10.00 7.43

Cadmium (Cd) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 - - - 0.6 10 0.6 3.5 <0.50

Calcium (Ca) 6800 8110 9680 8450 7120 9550 5920 9160 4160 6060 7501.0 1805.7 24 9680 16346

Chromium (Cr) 37.9 48.8 51.5 50.2 38.0 35.9 26.6 43.9 24.2 30.2 38.72 9.79 6.50 51.50 26 110 37.3 90 12.52

Cobalt (Co) 9.3 13.4 13.1 13.0 9.9 8.5 6.5 11.5 6.5 7.5 9.92 2.71 6.50 13.40 3.26

Copper (Cu) 88.9 117 115 123 74.0 59.2 36.4 98.1 20.6 46.2 77.84 36.28 20.60 123.00 16 110 35.7 197 3.32

Iron (Fe) 25800 53600 35200 36400 29600 26400 19300 33300 17400 22700 29970.0 10504.7 6 53600 20,000 40,000 7018

Lead (Pb) 19.6 20.0 25.1 32.2 25.2 24.4 15.6 30.3 6.0 18.1 21.65 7.60 6.00 32.20 31 250 35 91.3 1.96

Lithium (Li) 9.6 11.2 12.8 14.8 13.0 12.3 9.5 15.4 6.2 10.8 11.56 2.73 6.20 15.40 3.52

Magnesium (Mg) 6350 8140 8820 8150 5410 5730 3970 6450 3340 4380 6074.0 1875.8 524 8820 10248

Manganese (Mn) 524 639 766 893 954 828 753 1070 561 867 785.5 173.5 0 1070 460 1000 170

Mercury (Hg) 0.201 0.121 0.248 0.258 0.205 0.135 0.091 0.219 <0.05 0.121 0.18 0.06 0.09 0.26 0.2 2 0.17 0.46 0.014

Molybdenum (Mo) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 - - - <1.0

Nickel (Ni) 28.0 34.8 38.1 36.6 31.8 28.4 21.4 37.0 15.1 22.2 29.34 7.77 15.10 38.10 16 75 6.22

Phosphorus (P) 738 902 898 1050 906 866 683 924 465 779 821.1 163.0 465.0 1050.0 600 2000 469

Potassium (K) 1360 1630 1830 1800 1370 1290 950 1650 800 1090 1377.0 354.1 800.0 1830.0 388

Selenium (Se) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 - - - <1.0

Silver (Ag) 0.20 0.21 0.30 0.35 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 0.21 <0.20 <0.20 <0.254 0.067 <0.20 0.35 <0.20

Sodium (Na) 170 160 230 260 210 210 160 250 120 160 193.0 45.7 12 260 <100

Strontium (Sr) 17.4 22.8 21.9 27.6 19.8 20.7 16.0 23.3 11.6 17.3 19.84 4.48 11.60 27.60 16.32

Thallium (Tl) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 - - - <0.50

Tin (Sn) <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 - - - <5.0

Titanium (Ti) 497 359 578 597 574 576 596 701 578 608 566.4 88.1 1 701 569

Uranium (U) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 <1.0 1.3 <1.0 <1.0 <1.13 0.15 <1.0 1.3 <1.0

Vanadium (V) 28.1 34.6 36.7 36.8 31.2 29.0 23.7 36.3 22.1 26.5 30.50 5.48 22.10 36.80 14.32

Zinc (Zn) 109 125 137 147 108 102 67.0 120 57.4 79.2 105.16 29.48 57.40 147.00 120 820 123 315 13.98




- 15 -

Table 3-4 Mean, standard deviation (SD), minimum and maximum of sediment quality parameters at the Outflow Basin; 2011. Shaded values exceed Provincial Sediment Quality Guidelines ((PSQG) Ontario Ministry of the Environment 2008) lowest effects level (LEL) or severe effects level (SEL), while bolded and italicized values exceed the interim sediment quality guideline (ISQG) or probable effect level (PEL) for the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment ((CCME) 2001) Sediment Quality Guidelines for the protection of aquatic life. Underlined values exceed mean background concentrations derived from the 20 cm interval of sediment cores (n=3) collected in Kenogamisis Lake. Units are ug/g unless otherwise noted.

Outflow Basin

PSQG

CCME

Background

Concentration

Site 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 Mean SD Min Max LEL SEL ISQG PEL Mean

Parameter Moisture (%) 69.3 63.5 65.2 46.7 35.8 44.9 73.0 70.5 26.3 55.02 16.99 26.30 73.00

Sand (2.0mm - 0.05mm)(%) 48.6 40.2 11.5 45.3 81.0 84.5 14.1 19.8 97.5 49.17 32.02 11.50 97.50

Silt (0.05mm - 2um)(%) 45.3 53.3 79.6 49.0 15.9 11.2 67.6 69.4 1.21 43.61 28.01 1.21 79.60

Clay (<2um)(%) 6.13 6.55 8.88 5.73 3.12 4.23 18.4 10.8 1.31 7.24 5.06 1.31 18.40

Total organic carbon (%) 4.22 2.99 4.87 2.40 1.63 1.91 5.91 6.30 0.81 3.45 1.96 0.81 6.30 1 10 5.4

Metals Aluminum (Al) 5960 5230 6850 4110 2190 4250 10500 11800 2900 5976.7 3278.0 2190 11800 12820

Antimony (Sb) 2.0 1.2 1.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 1.6 1.0 <1.0 1.38 0.41 1.00 2.00 <1.0

Arsenic (As) 17.6 18.2 35.1 17.7 6.76 37.0 49.8 50.9 6.81 26.65 17.05 6.76 50.90 6 33 5.9 17 19.70

Barium (Ba) 33.2 29.5 41.5 21.6 10.7 21.5 66.5 69.1 8.0 33.51 22.06 8.00 69.10 87.48

Beryllium (Be) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 - - - <0.50

Bismuth (Bi) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 - - - <1.0

Boron (B) <5.0 <5.0 5.1 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 7.9 7.6 <5.0 6.87 1.54 5.10 7.90 7.43

Cadmium (Cd) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 - - - 0.6 10 0.6 3.5 <0.50

Calcium (Ca) 4740 4300 5270 3710 2670 3160 6090 6910 2200 4338.9 1575.3 2200 6910 6754

Chromium (Cr) 17.5 15.1 19.6 12.4 6.5 13.6 30.4 32.5 15.8 18.16 8.39 6.50 32.50 26 110 37.3 90 36.94

Cobalt (Co) 4.1 3.8 4.7 3.1 1.8 4.0 7.9 8.2 2.3 4.43 2.24 1.80 8.20 8.38

Copper (Cu) 22.8 19.6 28.9 12.4 8.6 15.8 52.7 32.4 3.3 21.83 14.85 3.30 52.70 16 110 35.7 197 14.04

Iron (Fe) 10200 8850 13800 8050 4030 11500 22200 24200 10100 12547.8 6610.3 4030 24200 20,000 40,000 26240

Lead (Pb) 9.9 7.8 12.7 6.3 4.4 6.8 20.4 14.2 3.2 9.52 5.45 3.20 20.40 31 250 35 91.3 6.32

Lithium (Li) 5.7 4.5 6.1 3.8 1.9 3.7 10.5 12.0 2.9 5.68 3.43 1.90 12.00 13.24

Magnesium (Mg) 2570 2170 2980 2150 1250 2190 4260 4940 1730 2693.3 1195.5 1250 4940 4972

Manganese (Mn) 231 236 430 204 85.3 412 652 785 80.7 346.2 245.4 81 785 460 1000 609

Mercury (Hg) 0.071 0.055 0.097 <0.050 <0.050 <0.050 0.134 0.101 <0.050 <0.90 0.03 <0.050 0.13 0.2 2 0.17 0.46 0.072

Molybdenum (Mo) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 - - - <1.0

Nickel (Ni) 13.5 11.8 15.0 8.8 4.9 9.8 25.8 21.5 6.0 13.01 6.93 4.90 25.80 16 75 20.52

Phosphorus (P) 456 497 582 485 382 398 700 710 314 502.7 137.8 314.0 710.0 600 2000 685

Potassium (K) 620 580 770 440 220 380 1140 1190 220 617.8 358.7 220.0 1190.0 1306

Selenium (Se) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 - - - <1.0

Silver (Ag) <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 - - - <0.20

Sodium (Na) 210 220 230 190 170 180 250 280 160 210.0 39.4 160 280 204

Strontium (Sr) 12.9 11.1 14.2 11.0 7.5 8.5 16.3 18.1 8.4 12.00 3.68 7.50 18.10 21.32

Thallium (Tl) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 - - - <0.50

Tin (Sn) <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 - - - <5.0

Titanium (Ti) 506 532 575 521 381 431 669 737 567 546.6 109.4 381 737 756

Uranium (U) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 1.2 1.1 <1.0 <1.15 0.07 <1.0 1.2 1.28

Vanadium (V) 16.2 15.6 19.2 13.8 8.5 14.0 27.3 30.2 22.1 18.54 6.93 8.50 30.20 34.52

Zinc (Zn) 49.8 46.2 55.8 30.1 23.4 38.8 84.7 82.9 23.7 48.38 23.00 23.40 84.70 120 820 123 315 63.76




- 16 -

Table 3-5 Mean, standard deviation (SD), minimum and maximum of sediment quality parameters at the Southwest Arm; 2011. Shaded values exceed Provincial Sediment Quality Guidelines ((PSQG) Ontario Ministry of the Environment 2008)

lowest effects level (LEL) or severe effects level (SEL), while bolded and italicized values exceed the interim sediment quality guideline (ISQG) or probable effect level (PEL) for the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment ((CCME) 2001) Sediment Quality Guidelines for the protection of aquatic life. Underlined values exceed mean background concentrations derived from the 20 cm interval of sediment cores (n=3) collected in Kenogamisis. Units are ug/g unless otherwise noted.

Southwest Arm

PSQG

CCME

Background

Concentration



Sand (2.0mm - 0.05mm)(%) 4.90 6.79 - 54.2 4.63 1.64 48.6 86.3 2.13 26.15 32.46 1.64 86.30

Silt (0.05mm - 2um)(%) 86.3 87.6 - 39.9 83.3 83.3 49.0 11.7 86.7 65.98 28.85 11.70 87.60

Clay (<2um)(%) 8.81 5.61 - 5.89 12.1 15.0 2.40 2.02 11.1 7.87 4.68 2.02 15.00



Antimony (Sb) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 - - - <1.0

Arsenic (As) 9.44 12.4 16.3 7.06 39.2 82.0 49.3 16.9 66.0 33.18 27.35 7.06 82.00 6 33 5.9 17 11.20

Barium (Ba) 56.6 49.8 50.6 22.3 68.5 80.8 38.2 14.4 67.6 49.87 21.85 14.40 80.80 85.02

Beryllium (Be) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 - - - <0.50

Bismuth (Bi) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 - - - <1.0

Boron (B) 6.5 5.0 6.7 <5.0 6.9 8.4 <5.0 <5.0 6.7 6.70 1.08 5.00 8.40 7.43

Cadmium (Cd) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 - - - 0.6 10 0.6 3.5 <0.50

Calcium (Ca) 12800 11100 13000 5390 12700 14200 6170 2730 10900 9887.8 4068.9 2730 14200 8734

Chromium (Cr) 32.6 27.6 23.1 12.5 29.9 34.4 16.7 9.0 28.7 23.83 9.10 9.00 34.40 26 110 37.3 90 39.16

Cobalt (Co) 5.2 4.6 4.4 2.5 5.8 8.5 5.7 2.1 6.4 5.02 1.95 2.10 8.50 7.70

Copper (Cu) 16.6 13.6 11.5 6.1 14.5 18.6 17.1 5.7 17.6 13.48 4.82 5.70 18.60 16 110 35.7 197 15.16

Iron (Fe) 16700 14800 14900 7250 20700 26600 10500 6010 20500 15328.9 6711.9 6010 26600 20,000 40,000 23880

Lead (Pb) 13.5 12.7 13.4 6.3 16.3 19.0 8.8 4.7 16.5 12.36 4.84 4.70 19.00 31 250 35 91.3 6.18

Lithium (Li) 7.3 6.4 7.2 3.4 10.4 12.6 4.7 2.6 10.8 7.27 3.44 2.60 12.60 13.30

Magnesium (Mg) 7060 5400 5790 2550 5640 6830 2680 1470 5470 4765.6 2011.2 1470 7060 5014

Manganese (Mn) 589 623 613 173 774 884 315 141 678 532.2 262.4 141 884 460 1000 447

Mercury (Hg) 0.078 0.067 0.070 <0.050 0.090 0.105 0.056 <0.050 0.093 <0.08 0.02 <0.050 0.11 0.2 2 0.17 0.46 0.080

Molybdenum (Mo) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 - - - <1.0

Nickel (Ni) 15.9 14.5 13.1 6.9 17.7 22.1 12.6 5.0 17.7 13.94 5.37 5.00 22.10 16 75 22.14

Phosphorus (P) 749 617 565 390 698 750 497 387 625 586.4 139.1 387.0 750.0 600 2000 610

Potassium (K) 720 720 750 360 1060 1380 650 280 1110 781.1 353.3 280.0 1380.0 1322

Selenium (Se) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 - - - <1.0

Silver (Ag) <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 - - - <0.20

Sodium (Na) 230 240 220 180 240 280 220 170 250 225.6 34.0 170 280 176

Strontium (Sr) 17.3 17.0 20.5 10.1 20.9 24.4 14.2 8.0 20.5 16.99 5.37 8.00 24.40 21.60

Thallium (Tl) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 - - - <0.50

Tin (Sn) <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 - - - <5.0

Titanium (Ti) 542 564 520 428 595 636 505 389 646 536.1 87.2 389 646 766

Uranium (U) 1.2 1.0 1.2 <1.0 1.3 1.4 <1.0 <1.0 1.2 <1.22 0.13 1.00 1.40 1.48

Vanadium (V) 22.3 20.4 19.8 12.9 25.2 30.5 16.0 10.2 25.3 20.29 6.45 10.20 30.50 32.48

Zinc (Zn) 82.8 64.4 48.2 30.3 64.0 70.4 38.4 31.7 61.9 54.68 18.37 30.30 82.80 120 820 123 315 59.82




- 17 -

Table 3-6 Mean, standard deviation (SD), minimum and maximum of sediment quality parameters at Mosher Lake; 2011. Shaded values exceed Provincial Sediment Quality Guidelines ((PSQG) Ontario Ministry of the Environment 2008) lowest

effects level (LEL) or severe effects level (SEL), while bolded and italicized values exceed the interim sediment quality guideline (ISQG) or probable effect level (PEL) for the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment ((CCME) 2001) Sediment Quality Guidelines for the protection of aquatic life. Underlined values exceed mean background concentrations derived from the 24 cm to 32 cm intervals of a sediment core collected in Mosher Lake. Units are ug/g unless otherwise noted

Mosher Lake

PSQG

CCME

Background

Concentration



Sand (2.0mm - 0.05mm)(%) - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Silt (0.05mm - 2um)(%) - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Clay (<2um)(%) - - - - - - - - - - - - -



Antimony (Sb) 3.5 1.7 1.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 1.25 <1.0 3.50 <1.0

Arsenic (As) 257 163 173 177 112 155 147 109 29.5 146.94 61.72 29.50 257.00 6 33 5.9 17 41.9

Barium (Ba) 39.3 45.9 43.9 36.7 41.5 45.1 50.0 50.5 40.0 43.66 4.74 36.70 50.50 43.5

Beryllium (Be) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 - - - <0.50

Bismuth (Bi) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 - - - <1.0

Boron (B) 14.5 15.3 10.5 12.3 13.5 13.5 7.7 8.8 8.0 11.57 2.89 7.70 15.30 6.7

Cadmium (Cd) 1.06 0.77 0.53 <0.50 0.71 0.73 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.76 0.19 <0.50 1.06 0.6 10 0.6 3.5 <0.50

Calcium (Ca) 9970 11100 11800 9020 7650 10200 11600 12400 9050 10310.0 1554.5 7650 12400 7992

Chromium (Cr) 11.5 10.4 11.6 8.4 8.3 10.9 11.3 12.4 10.3 10.57 1.41 8.30 12.40 26 110 37.3 90 9.2

Cobalt (Co) 5.6 4.5 4.5 3.0 3.4 4.2 4.4 4.9 4.4 4.32 0.76 3.00 5.60 4.0

Copper (Cu) 23.4 19.6 18.3 13.2 16.0 17.7 18.4 20.0 17.6 18.24 2.80 13.20 23.40 16 110 35.7 197 18.4

Iron (Fe) 11300 10200 10600 6200 7340 10200 7500 9370 6570 8808.9 1913.4 6200 11300 20,000 40,000 6264

Lead (Pb) 37.3 29.5 16.4 24.7 24.1 27.5 8.4 11.1 4.0 20.33 10.99 4.00 37.30 31 250 35 91.3 6.8

Lithium (Li) 4.3 3.7 3.9 3.0 3.3 3.8 4.1 4.0 3.5 3.73 0.41 3.00 4.30 2.3

Magnesium (Mg) 2630 2630 2340 2360 1710 2750 2230 2500 1790 2326.7 366.1 1710 2750 1504

Manganese (Mn) 203 271 267 206 269 378 294 335 166 265.4 66.8 166 378 460 1000 143

Mercury (Hg) 0.115 0.084 0.064 0.066 0.076 0.088 <0.050 0.050 <0.050 0.08 0.02 0.05 0.12 0.2 2 0.17 0.46 0.050

Molybdenum (Mo) 1.2 <1.0 1.2 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 1.4 1.2 1.2 <1.24 0.09 <1.0 1.40 1.4

Nickel (Ni) 13.0 11.2 11.1 8.3 9.4 10.1 10.2 12.7 10.1 10.68 1.50 8.30 13.00 16 75 10.5

Phosphorus (P) 1230 1350 677 893 952 951 505 626 486 852.2 305.9 486.0 1350.0 600 2000 512

Potassium (K) 960 1250 550 680 790 870 540 680 440 751.1 250.0 440.0 1250.0 392

Selenium (Se) 2.0 1.7 1.5 <1.0 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.3 <1.53 0.23 <1.0 2.00 1.2

Silver (Ag) <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 - - - <0.20

Sodium (Na) 1300 1780 1070 1180 490 1160 960 1340 500 1086.7 406.4 490 1780 388

Strontium (Sr) 24.4 26.2 26.3 19.9 17.4 23.8 24.9 25.1 19.6 23.07 3.24 17.40 26.30 18.5

Thallium (Tl) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 - - - <0.50

Tin (Sn) <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 - - - <5.0

Titanium (Ti) 169 145 185 138 165 209 178 188 162 171.0 22.0 138 209 129

Uranium (U) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 - - - <1.1

Vanadium (V) 12.7 10.5 12.3 8.1 8.8 11.3 13.1 12.8 10.7 11.14 1.79 8.10 13.10 10.4

Zinc (Zn) 79.4 66.9 51.1 98.3 60.7 64.4 50.2 142 49.6 73.62 30.10 49.60 142.00 120 820 123 315 39.0



A Spa t ia l a nd Te mpora l As ses sme nt o f Meta l /Meta l lo id Conce nt ra t ions in Ke noga mis is Lake Se dime nts (201 2 )

- 18 -

Figure 3-1 Kenogamisis Lake surface sediment arsenic concentrations.

−

−

−

Geraldton

tu11

tu11

1:100,000Note: Ontario Sediment Quality Guidelines Lowest Effect Level - 6 ug/g Severe Effect Level - 33 ug/g

61.6%

10.1%

7.7%

PROJECT # 11-06 NOVEMBER 2012


NO

RT

H

FIGURE 3-1:KENOGAMISIS LAKE SURFACE SEDIMENT

ARSENIC CONCENTRATIONS

Arsenic Concentration in top 5 cm of Sediments (ug/g)

> 1000

750 - 1000

500 - 750

250 - 500

33 - 250

6 - 33

0 - 6

[_ Arsenic Roasters

]\ Sewage Treatment Plant

Outflow Dam

Major Roads

Roads

Little Lac Long Tailings

MacLeod Tailings

Hardrock Tailings

Lakes

Rivers

− Lake Kenogamisis Inflow (%)




- 19 -

Figure 3-2 Kenogamisis Lake surface sediment chromium concentrations.

−

−

−

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!( !(!(!(

!( !(!(!(!(

!(!(

!(!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!( !(

!(!(!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(!( !(

!(

!(!(!(!(

Geraldton

tu11

tu11

Chromium Concentation in top 5 cm of Sediments (ug/g)

!( >110

!( 90 - 109

!( 37 - 89

!( 26 - 36

!( 0 - 25

[_ Arsenic Roasters


Outflow Dam

Major Roads

Roads


MacLeod Tailings

Hardrock Tailings

Lakes

Rivers



61.6%

10.1%

7.7%



NO

RT

H

FIGURE 3-2:KENOGAMISIS LAKESURFACE SEDIMENT

CHROMIUM CONCENTRATIONS




- 20 -

Figure 3-3 Kenogamisis Lake surface sediment copper concentrations.

−

−

−

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!( !(!(!( !(!(!(!(

!(!(

!( !(!(!(!( !(

!( !(

!(

!(

!(

!(!( !(!(!(

!(

!(!(!( !(

!(

!(!(!(

Geraldton

tu11

tu11

Copper Concentation in top 5 cm of Sediments (ug/g)

!( > 197

!( 110 - 197

!( 37 - 109

!( 16 - 36

!( < 16

[_ Arsenic Roasters


Outflow Dam

Major Roads

Roads


MacLeod Tailings

Hardrock Tailings

Lakes

Rivers



61.6%

10.1%

7.7%



NO

RT

H

FIGURE 3-3: KENOGAMISIS LAKE SURFACE SEDIMENT

COPPER CONCENTRATIONS




- 21 -

Figure 3-4 Kenogamisis Lake surface sediment iron concentrations.

−

−

−

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!( !(!(!(

!( !(!(!(!(

!(!(!(

!( !(!(!(!( !(!(

!(!(!( !(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!( !(

!(!(!(!(!(!(!( !(

!(

Geraldton

tu11

tu11

Iron Concentation in top 5 cm of Sediments (ug/g)

!( > 40,000

!( 20,000 - 40,000

!( < 20,000

[_ Arsenic Roasters


Outflow Dam

Major Roads

Roads


MacLeod Tailings

Hardrock Tailings

Lakes

Rivers


1:100,000Note: Ontario Sediment Quality Guidelines Lowest Effect Level - 20,000 ug/g Severe Effect Level - 40,000 ug/g

61.6%

10.1%

7.7%



NO

RT

H

FIGURE 3-4: KENOGAMISIS LAKE SURFACE SEDIMENT

IRON CONCENTRATIONS




- 22 -

Figure 3-5 Kenogamisis Lake surface sediment manganese concentrations.

−

−

−

!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!( !(!(!(!( !(!(!(!(

!(!(

!(!(!( !(!(

!(

!(

!(!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!( !(

!(!(!(

!(!(

!(!(

Geraldton

tu11

tu11

Manganese Concentation in top 5 cm of Sediments (ug/g)

!( > 1100

!( 750 - 1099

!( 450 - 749

!( < 460

[_ Arsenic Roasters


Outflow Dam

Major Roads

Roads


MacLeod Tailings

Hardrock Tailings

Lakes

Rivers



61.6%

10.1%

7.7%



NO

RT

H


MANGANESE CONCENTRATIONS




- 23 -

Figure 3-6 Kenogamisis Lake surface sediment mercury concentrations.

−

−

−

Geraldton

tu11

tu11

Mercury Concentation in top 5 cm of Sediments (ug/g)

1.2 - 1.6

0.8 - 1.2

0.4 - 0.8

0.2 - 0.4

0.0 - 0.2

[_ Arsenic Roasters


Outflow Dam

Roads

Major Roads


MacLeod Tailings

Hardrock Tailings

Lakes

Rivers


1:100,000

Note: Ontario Sediment Quality Guidelines for the protection of aquatic benthic organisms Lowest Effect Level - 0.2 ug/g Severe Effect Level - 2.0 ug/g

61.6%

10.1%

7.7%PROJECT # 11-06 NOVEMBER 2012


NO

RT

H

FIGURE 3-6;KENOGAMISIS LAKESURFACE SEDIMENT

MERCURY CONCENTRATIONS




- 24 -

Figure 3-7 Kenogamisis Lake surface sediment nickel concentrations.

−

−

−

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!( !(!(!(!( !(!(!(!(

!(!(!(

!( !(!(!(!( !(

!(

!(

!(!( !(

!(!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!( !(

!(!(!(

!(!(!(!(

!(

!(

Geraldton

tu11

tu11

Nickel Concentation in top 5 cm of Sediments (ug/g)

!( > 75

!( 40 - 74

!( 16 - 39

!( < 16

[_ Arsenic Roasters


Outflow Dam

Major Roads

Roads


MacLeod Tailings

Hardrock Tailings

Lakes

Rivers



61.6%

10.1%

7.7%



NO

RT

H


NICKEL CONCENTRATIONS




- 25 -

Figure 3-8 Kenogamisis Lake surface sediment zinc concentrations.

−

−

−

!(!(

!(

!( !(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!( !(

!( !(!(!(!( !(!(!(

!(!(!(

!(!(!( !(!(

!(!(!(!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

Geraldton

tu11

tu11

Zinc Concentation in top 5 cm of Sediments (ug/g)

!( > 820

!( 315 - 819

!( 120 - 314

!( < 120

[_ Arsenic Roasters

Outflow Dam

Major Roads

Roads


MacLeod Tailings

Hardrock Tailings

Lakes

Rivers



61.6%

10.1%

7.7%



NO

RT

H


ZINC CONCENTRATIONS




- 26 -

Figure 3-9 Kenogamisis Lake surface sediment TOC concentrations.

−

−

−

!(

!( !(

!(!(!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!( !(!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!( !(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!( !(

!(!(!( !(

!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(

Geraldton

tu11

tu11

TOC Concentation in top 5 cm of Sediments (%)

!( > 20.0

!( 10.0 - 19.9

!( 5.0 - 9.9

!( 1.0 - 4.9

!( < 1.0

[_ Arsenic Roasters


Outflow Dam

Major Roads

Roads


MacLeod Tailings

Hardrock Tailings

Lakes

Rivers


1:100,000Note: Ontario Sediment Quality Guidelines Lowest Effect Level - 1 % Severe Effect Level - 10 %

61.6%

10.1%

7.7%



NO

RT

H


TOC CONCENTRATIONS




- 27 -

Figure 3-10 Kenogamisis Lake surface sediment phosphorus concentrations.

−

−

−

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!(!(

!( !(!(!(!( !(!( !(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!( !(

!(!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!( !(

!(!(!(!(!(

!(!(!(!(

!(!(!(

Geraldton

tu11

tu11

Phosphorus Concentation in top 5 cm of Sediments (ug/g)

!( > 1500

!( 1000 - 1500

!( 600 - 999

!( < 600

[_ Arsenic Roasters


Outflow Dam

Major Roads

Roads


MacLeod Tailings

Hardrock Tailings

Lakes

Rivers



61.6%

10.1%

7.7%



NO

RT

H


PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATIONS




- 28 -

Table 3-7 Comparison of parameters of concern in surficial sediments to background concentrations derived from sediment core data. Shaded values indicated basins which exceed PSQG-LEL in at least one surface sediment sample, while bolded values indicate basins which have significantly greater mean concentrations of the parameter of concern compared to background. (WBB – West Barton Bay; BB – Barton Bay; MB – MacLeod Basin; OFB – Outflow Basin; SWA – Southwest Arm; ML – Mosher Lake).

Site WBB BB MB OFB OFB* SWA ML Parameter

Total organic carbon (%) p<<0.01 p<<0.01 p<<0.01 p = 0.10 p = 0.05 p = 0.74 p = 0.64

Metals Arsenic (As) p<<0.01 p<<0.01 p<<0.01 p = 0.64 p = 0.05 p = 0.16 p = 0.01 Cadmium (Cd) p = 1.0 p = 1.0 p = 1.0 p = 1.0 p = 1.0 p = 1.0 p = 0.05 Chromium (Cr) p<<0.01 p<<0.01 p<<0.01 p = 0.02 p = 0.05 p<<0.01 p = 0.06

Copper (Cu) p<<0.01 p<<0.01 p<<0.01 p = 0.32 p = 0.05 p = 0.74 p = 0.69

Iron (Fe) p<<0.01 p<<0.01 p<<0.01 p<<0.01 p = 0.05 p = 0.02 p = 0.03 Lead (Pb) p<<0.01 p<<0.01 p<<0.01 p = 0.20 p = 0.05 p = 0.03 p = 0.03 Manganese (Mn) p<<0.01 p<<0.01 p<<0.01 p = 0.07 p = 0.12 p = 0.32 p<<0.01Mercury (Hg) p<<0.01 p<<0.01 p<<0.01 p = 0.46 p = 0.05 p = 0.42 p = 0.07

Nickel (Ni) p<<0.01 p<<0.01 p<<0.01 p = 0.10 p = 0.05 p = 0.01 p = 0.79

Phosphorus (P) p<<0.01 p<<0.01 p<<0.01 p = 0.04 p = 0.44 p = 0.74 p = 0.05 Zinc (Zn) p<<0.01 p<<0.01 p<<0.01 p = 0.10 p = 0.05 p = 0.84 p<<0.01* Stations 37 and 38 only




- 29 -

Table 3-8 Comparison of parameters of concern in surficial sediments to background concentrations derived from sediment core data. Shaded values indicated basins which exceed mean background concentrations in at least 20% of surface sediment samples, while bolded values indicate basins which have significantly greater mean concentrations of the parameter of concern compared to background. (WBB – West Barton Bay; BB – Barton Bay; MB – MacLeod Basin; OFB – Outflow Basin; SWA – Southwest Arm; ML – Mosher Lake).

Site WBB BB MB OFB OFB* SWA ML Parameter

Metals Aluminum (Al) p<<0.01 p<<0.01 p<<0.01 p = 0.10

Antimony (Sb) p<<0.01 p<<0.01 p<<0.01 p = 0.09 p = 0.11 p = 0.16

Barium (Ba) p<<0.01 p<<0.01 p<<0.01 p = 0.84

Beryllium (Be)

Bismuth (Bi)

Boron (B) p<<0.01Calcium (Ca) p = 0.32 p = 0.01 Cobalt (Co) p<<0.01 p<<0.01 p<<0.01 p = 0.42

Lithium (Li) p<<0.01 p<<0.01 p<<0.01 p<<0.01Magnesium (Mg) p = 0.11 p<<0.01Molybdenum (Mo)

Potassium (K) p<<0.01 p<<0.01 p<<0.01 p<<0.01Selenium (Se) p =1.0

Silver (Ag) p<<0.01 p = 0.09 p = 0.10

Sodium (Na) p<<0.01 p<<0.01 p<<0.01 p = 0.89 p = 0.05 p = 0.03 p<<0.01Strontium (Sr) p = 0.56 p<<0.01 p = 0.05 Thallium (Tl)

Tin (Sn)

Titanium (Ti) p = 0.11 p = 0.55 p = 0.01 Uranium (U)

Vanadium (V) p<<0.01 p<<0.01 p<<0.01 p = 0.35

* Stations 37 and 38




- 30 -

Figure 3-11 Principal Component Analysis (PCA) ordination diagram of the surface sediment samples from the Kenogamisis and Mosher Lake with

respect to the 11 parameters with Provincial Sediment Quality Guidelines. Samples are coded based on the basin in which they were collected.

Species Scores

Axis 1 = 0.678

-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5

Axis 2

= 0.154

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

Sample Scores

Axis 1 = 0.678

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2

Axi

s 2

= 0

.154

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

West Barton BayBarton BayMacLeod BasinOutflow BasinSouthwest ArmMosher Lake

LogTOC

LogAs

LogCr

LogCu

Pb

LogHg

LogFeMn

LogNi

P

LogZn

Variable Axis 1 Axis 2

Log As 0.883 0.252

Log Cr 0.851 -0.461

Log Cu 0.949 -0.066

Log Fe 0.933 -0.314

Pb 0.833 0.422

Mn 0.701 -0.339

Log Hg 0.781 0.114

Log Ni 0.969 -0.193

P 0.726 0.411

Log TOC 0.104 0.887

Log Zn 0.953 0.123





- 31 -

3.2 Summary

Review of the data has identified a large number of parameters (TOC, arsenic, chromium, copper, iron,

lead manganese, mercury nickel, phosphorus and zinc) in surface sediments that both exceeded PSQG

and were statistically higher in than background levels in West Barton Bay, Barton Bay and the MacLeod

Basin of Kenogamisis Lake. Surface sediment concentrations of these parameters were 20% greater than

basin specific background concentrations believed to be derived from pre-industrial sediment core

samples (Table 3-9). TOC concentrations in West Barton Bay and cadmium concentrations in all three

basins were the only parameters with PSQG criteria that did not follow this trend (Table 3-9). Surface

sediment arsenic, copper, lead, and mercury concentrations were over 1000 percent higher (>10 times)

than the estimated background concentrations of these parameters in both Barton Bay and the MacLeod

Basin (Table 3-9). Surface sediment zinc concentrations were also 1000 percent greater than background

in Barton Bay (Table 3-9).

Although aluminum, antimony, barium, cobalt, lithium, potassium, silver, sodium, strontium and vanadium

have no PSQG, these parameters were all found at concentrations 100 percent greater (> 2 times) than

background in Barton Bay (Table 3-9). Similar differences in most these parameters were also observed

when comparing West Barton Bay and MacLeod Basin surface sediments to sediment core data but the

magnitude of difference was smaller for most of the parameters (Table 3-9).

Outside these three basins in Kenogamisis Lake, most parameters decline markedly to background or

below background levels except for lead concentrations in the Southwest Arm sediments (Table 3-10).

However, review of the individual sampling areas indicated that there were localized zones that

experienced similar elevated parameter concentrations as the other three basins particularly at stations

located at the inlet to the Outflow Basin (Stations 37 and 38) and at stations in the Southwest Arm

immediately south of historic arsenic roaster sites (Stations 45 to 49). At the two Outflow Basin stations

sediment arsenic, copper and iron concentrations exceed PSQG-LEL and were statistically higher than

background levels by more than 20% (Table 3-10). Surface sediment lead, mercury and zinc

concentrations were also statistically higher than background levels by greater than 20% but did not

exceed PSQG-LEL (Table 3-10). Sediments from the Southwest Arm stations located south of the arsenic

roasters experienced markedly higher arsenic concentrations which were 353 percent higher (>3 times)

than background levels (Table 3-10).

Mosher Lake sediment arsenic, cadmium and phosphorus concentrations were found to be above PSQG

and statistically higher (250%; > 3 times, 52%; 1.5 times and 180%; > 2 times, respectively) than

background levels (Table 3-10). Total organic carbon and copper also exceeded PSQG but were not

statistically different from background levels.

Arsenic concentrations in sediments exceeded the PSQG-SEL in all the locations sampled in West

Barton Bay, Barton Bay, the MacLeod Basin and Mosher Lake as well as a number of sites in the Outflow

Basin and the Southwest Arm. Sediment copper and iron concentrations also exceeded PSQG-SEL at a

number of stations in West Barton Bay, Barton Bay and the MacLeod Basin. This alone suggested that

these areas were contaminated; however, sediment mercury concentrations that exceeded PSQG-LEL in

West Barton Bay, Barton Bay and the MacLeod Basin were of greater concern because of the potential





- 32 -

for this substance to biomagnify up food chains and create a human health risk to those that consume

biota from these areas of Kenogamisis Lake.

The analysis of surface sediment data from 2011 effectively outlines the current level and distribution of

metals and metalloids in Kenogamisis and Mosher Lake sediments prior to reactivating mining operations

in the Beardmore/Geraldton gold belt. This information can be used to effectively monitor environmental

conditions by establishing a new background level for comparison as redevelopment continues in the

area. The analysis also completes the data screening step in the framework for assessing the degree of

contamination in Kenogamisis Lake sediments.




- 33 -

Table 3-9 West Barton Bay, Barton Bay and MacLeod Basin mean surface and sediment core parameter concentrations and the magnitude of difference of statistically significant parameters. All units in µg/g unless otherwise noted.

West Barton Bay Barton Bay MacLeod Basin

Parameter Surface Background Magnitude (%) Surface Background Magnitude (%) Surface Background Magnitude (%)

PSQG - Parameters Total organic carbon (%) 10.78 23.7 -54.5 4.70 1.6 203.3 5.59 1.6 260.8

Arsenic (As) 271.88 88.92 205.8 666.90 5.22 12685.7 196.88 5.22 3674.5

Cadmium (Cd) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50

Chromium (Cr) 26.34 16.28 61.8 79.63 12.52 536.0 38.72 12.52 209.3

Copper (Cu) 77.95 16.66 367.9 130.87 3.32 3841.9 77.84 3.32 2244.6

Iron (Fe) 27062.5 11380 137.8 48330.0 7018 588.7 29970.0 7018 327.0

Lead (Pb) 30.26 4.32 600.5 26.56 1.96 1255.1 21.65 1.96 1004.6

Manganese (Mn) 500.3 240 108.1 642.1 170 276.8 785.5 170 361.0

Mercury (Hg) 0.98 0.112 773.2 0.30 0.014 2032.9 0.18 0.014 1169.0

Nickel (Ni) 31.30 15.88 97.1 51.28 6.22 724.4 29.34 6.22 371.7

Phosphorus (P) 709.3 410 72.9 939.0 469 100.2 821.1 469 75.1

Zinc (Zn) 131.50 64.66 103.4 161.60 13.98 1055.9 105.16 13.98 652.2

non-PSQG Parameters Aluminum (Al) 10426.3 5240 99.0 19720.0 3500 463.4 12551.0 3500 258.6

Antimony (Sb) 5.66 1 466.3 3.22 1 222.0 2.04 1 104.3

Barium (Ba) 70.25 36.58 92.0 83.21 17.24 382.7 76.22 17.24 342.1

Beryllium (Be) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50

Bismuth (Bi) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

Boron (B) 5.13 5.15 5.33 7.43 7.70 7.43

Calcium (Ca) 9393.8 15020 9316.0 16346 7501.0 16346

Cobalt (Co) 10.39 4.86 113.7 17.46 3.26 435.6 9.92 3.26 204.3

Lithium (Li) 17.10 4.60 271.7 15.60 3.52 343.2 11.56 3.52 228.4

Magnesium (Mg) 5747.5 2344 145.2 13719.0 10248 6074.0 10248

Molybdenum (Mo) <1.0 <1.0 <1.18 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

Potassium (K) 948.8 404 134.8 2208.0 388 469.1 1377.0 388 254.9

Selenium (Se) <1.0 1.2 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

Silver (Ag) <0.22 <0.20 0.487 0.2 143.5 <0.254 <0.20

Sodium (Na) 158.8 114 39.3 206.0 100 106.0 193.0 100 93.0

Strontium (Sr) 33.78 30.50 36.73 16.32 125.1 19.84 16.32 21.6

Thallium (Tl) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50

Tin (Sn) <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0

Titanium (Ti) 249.9 248 493.6 569 566.4 569

Uranium (U) <1.0 <1.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.13 <1.0

Vanadium (V) 22.10 11.82 87.0 50.79 14.32 254.7 30.50 14.32 113.0




- 34 -

Table 3-10 Outflow Basin, Southwest Arm and Mosher Lake mean surface and sediment core parameter concentrations and the magnitude of difference of statistically significant parameters. All units in µg/g unless otherwise noted.

Outflow Basin Outflow Basin* Southwest Arm Mosher Lake

Parameter Surface Background Magnitude Surface Background Magnitude Surface Background Magnitude Surface Background Magnitude

PSQG - Parameters Total organic carbon (%)

3.45 5.4

6.1 5.4 13.4

7.26 8.5

27.59 27.6

Arsenic (As) 26.65 19.70 50.35 19.70 155.6 50.7** 11.20 352.7 146.94 41.9 250.9

Cadmium (Cd) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 0.76 0.5 52.0

Chromium (Cr) 18.16 36.94 -50.9 31.45 36.94 -14.9 23.83 39.16 -39.1 10.57 9.2

Copper (Cu) 21.83 14.04 42.55 14.04 203.1 13.48 15.16 18.24 18.4

Iron (Fe) 12547.8 26240 -52.2 23200 26240 -11.6 15328.9 23880 -35.8 8808.9 6264 40.6

Lead (Pb) 9.52 6.32 17.30 6.32 173.7 12.36 6.18 99.9 20.33 6.8 199.0

Manganese (Mn) 346.2 609 719 609 532.2 447 265.4 143 85.4

Mercury (Hg) <0.90 0.072 0.118 0.072 63.6 <0.08 0.080 0.08 0.050

Nickel (Ni) 13.01 20.52 23.65 20.52 15.3 13.94 22.14 -37.0 10.68 10.5

Phosphorus (P) 502.7 685 -26.6 705 685 586.4 610 852.2 512 66.3

Zinc (Zn) 48.38 63.76 83.80 63.76 31.4 54.68 59.82 73.62 39.0 88.7

non-PSQG Parameters Aluminum (Al) 5976.7 12820 11150 12820 7284.4 12940 4731.1 4172

Antimony (Sb) 1.38 1 1.3 1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

Barium (Ba) 33.51 87.48 67.80 87.48 49.87 85.02 43.66 43.5

Beryllium (Be) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50

Bismuth (Bi) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

Boron (B) 6.87 7.43 7.75 7.43 6.70 7.43 11.57 6.7 72.6

Calcium (Ca) 4338.9 6754 6500 6754 9887.8 8734 10310.0 7992 29.0

Cobalt (Co) 4.43 8.38 8.05 8.38 5.02 7.70 4.32 4.0

Lithium (Li) 5.68 13.24 11.25 13.24 7.27 13.30 3.73 2.3 63.7

Magnesium (Mg) 2693.3 4972 4600 4972 4765.6 5014 2326.7 1504 54.7

Molybdenum (Mo) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.24 1.4

Potassium (K) 617.8 1306 1165 1306 781.1 1322 751.1 392 91.6

Selenium (Se) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.53 1.2

Silver (Ag) <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20

Sodium (Na) 210.0 204 265 204 29.9 225.6 176 28.2 1086.7 388 180.1

Strontium (Sr) 12.00 21.32 17.20 21.32 16.99 21.60 23.07 18.5

Thallium (Tl) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50

Tin (Sn) <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0

Titanium (Ti) 546.6 756 703 756 536.1 766 171.0 129 32.1

Uranium (U) <1.15 1.28 1.15 1.28 <1.22 1.48 <1.0 <1.1

Vanadium (V) 18.54 34.52 28.75 34.52 20.29 32.48 11.14 10.4

* Stations 37 and 38 only

** Stations 45 to 49 only





- 35 -

4 Sediment Cores

4.1 Results

All core results were presented for each basin individually (Figure 4-1 to Figure 4-5). Selected

parameters, individual metal/metalloids, were also grouped and the horizontal scales were adjusted to

better illustrate trends observed in all of the parameter profiles (Figure 4-7 to Figure 4-14). Therefore, it

should be noted in Figure 4-7 to Figure 4-14 that scales for metal/metalloid concentration may differ

among basins and this should be taken into account when making comparisons between basins.

4.1.1 Kenogamisis Lake

The West Barton Bay sediment core stratigraphy revealed that there was a marked increase in all the

parameters except TOC concentrations (which decreased and was atypical of many aquatic systems) that

occurred at approximately the 11.5 cm interval of the core (Figure 4-1). Similar but less pronounced

increases were observed in the MacLeod Basin sediment core at approximately the 8.5 cm interval

(Figure 4-3) and the Outflow Basin sediment core at approximately the 13.5 cm interval (Figure 4-4)

except there was no corresponding decrease in TOC concentrations. In the Southwest Arm sediment

core, there was a small increase in all parameters at approximately the 13.5 cm interval with the

exception of sediment chromium and nickel concentrations (Figure 4-5). Barton Bay sediment core

metal/metalloid concentrations fluctuate widely over the entire stratigraphy with no patterns existing

between typically related parameters (Figure 4-2). This suggested that sampling occurred directly in

historic mine tailings and/or sediment mixing or redistribution had occurred in the area the core was

collected.

On a parameter specific basis, TOC was highest in surficial sediments in all basins except West Barton

Bay (Figure 4-7). Further, iron, manganese and phosphorus concentrations remained highest at the

sediment water interface in all basins, although the degree of enrichment and rates of change with core

depth in the top 10 cm frequently varied. (Figure 4-10; Figure 4-11; Figure 4-14) Arsenic concentrations

were also highest at the sediment water interface for all basins except Barton Bay where concentrations

below 10 cm in depth were extremely high and believed the result of historical tailings entering the lake

(Figure 4-8). Mercury concentrations showed a well-defined decline in West Barton Bay after peaking at

the 10 cm depth (Figure 4-12). Over the same 10 cm depth, mercury appears to have stabilized in Barton

Bay (Figure 4-12). Mercury concentrations in the Outflow Basin and the Southwest Arm were somewhat

variable in the top 10 cm but indicated a possible declining trend at the sediment-water interface (Figure

4-12). Nickel concentrations at West Barton Bay also showed a slow declining trend over the top 10 cm

as was observed in the Outflow Basin (Figure 4-13). Concentrations of nickel over the upper 10 cm

appeared stable in the Barton Bay and the Southwest Arm sediment cores (Figure 4-13).

4.1.2 Mosher Lake

In the Mosher Lake sediment core, a noticeable increase in all PSQG parameters was observed at

approximately 23.5 cm (Figure 4-6). Notably, an increase was observed in sediment cadmium

concentration which was not observed in any of the other basins (Figure 4-6). Overall, the increase in





- 36 -

parameters was less pronounced than in areas of Kenogamisis Lake (West Barton Bay) which also

received direct inputs of mine tailings. The shift also occurred at a much lower sediment interval than any

of the Kenogamisis Lake sediment cores. Similar to Kenogamisis Lake sediment cores, no decline was

observed in the more recently deposited sediments.




- 37 -

Figure 4-1 West Barton Bay sediment core stratigraphy for parameters with Provincial Sediment Quality Guidelines (excluding cadmium).

TOC(%)

0 10 20 30

0 10 20 30

Dep

th (

cm)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Phosphorus(g/g)

0 750 1500

0 750 15000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Iron(g/g)

5000 20000 35000

5000 20000 350000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

West Barton Bay Core C-1

Manganese(g/g)

0 750 1500

0 750 15000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Arsenic(g/g)

0 250 500

0 250 5000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Mercury(g/g)

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.50

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Zinc(g/g)

0 100 200

0 100 2000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Chromium(g/g)

0 25 50

0 25 500

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Copper(g/g)

0 50 100 150

0 50 100 1500

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Lead(g/g)

0 25 50

0 25 500

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Nickel(g/g)

0 25 50

0 25 500

5

10

15

20

25

30

35




- 38 -

Figure 4-2 Barton Bay sediment core stratigraphy for parameters with Provincial Sediment Quality Guidelines (excluding cadmium).

TOC(%)

0 10 20 30

0 10 20 30

Dep

th (

cm)

0

5

10

15

20

25

Phosphorus(g/g)

0 750 1500

0 750 15000

5

10

15

20

25

Iron(g/g)

40000 50000 60000

40000 50000 600000

5

10

15

20

25

Barton Bay Core C-1

Manganese(g/g)

0 750 1500

0 750 15000

5

10

15

20

25

Arsenic(g/g)

0 1000 2000

0 1000 20000

5

10

15

20

25

Mercury(g/g)

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.50

5

10

15

20

25

Zinc(g/g)

0 150 300

0 150 3000

5

10

15

20

25

Chromium(g/g)

0 50 100 150

0 50 100 1500

5

10

15

20

25

Copper(g/g)

50 150 250

50 150 2500

5

10

15

20

25

Lead(g/g)

0 25 50

0 25 500

5

10

15

20

25

Nickel(g/g)

0 50 100

0 50 1000

5

10

15

20

25




- 39 -

Figure 4-3 MacLeod Basin sediment core stratigraphy for parameters with Provincial Sediment Quality Guidelines (excluding cadmium).

TOC(%)

5 15 25 35

5 15 25 35

Dep

th (

cm)

0

5

10

15

20

25

Phosphorus(g/g)

0 750 1500

0 750 15000

5

10

15

20

25

Iron(g/g)

5000 20000 35000

5000 20000 350000

5

10

15

20

25

MacLeod Basin Core C-1

Manganese(g/g)

0 750 1500

0 750 15000

5

10

15

20

25

Arsenic(g/g)

0 250 500

0 250 5000

5

10

15

20

25

Mercury(g/g)

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.50

5

10

15

20

25

Zinc(g/g)

0 100 200

0 100 2000

5

10

15

20

25

Chromium(g/g)

0 25 50

0 25 500

5

10

15

20

25

Copper(g/g)

0 50 100 150

0 50 100 1500

5

10

15

20

25

Lead(g/g)

0 25 50

0 25 500

5

10

15

20

25

Nickel(g/g)

0 25 50

0 25 500

5

10

15

20

25




- 40 -

Figure 4-4 Outflow Basin sediment core stratigraphy for parameters with Provincial Sediment Quality Guidelines (excluding cadmium).

TOC(%)

0 10 20 30

0 10 20 30

Dep

th (

cm)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Phosphorus(g/g)

0 750 1500

0 750 15000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Iron(g/g)

5000 20000 35000

5000 20000 350000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Outflow Basin Core C-1

Manganese(g/g)

0 750 1500

0 750 15000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Arsenic(g/g)

0 250 500

0 250 5000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Mercury(g/g)

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.50

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Zinc(g/g)

0 100 200

0 100 2000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Chromium(g/g)

0 25 50

0 25 500

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Copper(g/g)

0 50 100 150

0 50 100 1500

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Lead(g/g)

0 25 50

0 25 500

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Nickel(g/g)

0 25 50

0 25 500

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45




- 41 -

Figure 4-5 Southwest Arm sediment core stratigraphy for parameters with Provincial Sediment Quality Guidelines (excluding cadmium).

TOC(%)

0 10 20 30

0 10 20 30

Dep

th (

cm)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Phosphorus(g/g)

0 750 1500

0 750 15000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Iron(g/g)

5000 20000 35000

5000 20000 350000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Southwest Arm Core C-1

Manganese(g/g)

0 750 1500

0 750 15000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Arsenic(g/g)

0 250 500

0 250 5000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Mercury(g/g)

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.50

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Zinc(g/g)

0 100 200

0 100 2000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Chromium(g/g)

0 25 50

0 25 500

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Copper(g/g)

0 50 100 150

0 50 100 1500

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Lead(g/g)

0 25 50

0 25 500

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Nickel(g/g)

0 25 50

0 25 500

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1520




- 42 -

Figure 4-6 Mosher Lake sediment core stratigraphy for parameters with Provincial Sediment Quality Guidelines.

TOC(%)

0 10 20 30

0 10 20 30

Dep

th (

cm)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Phosphorus(g/g)

0 750 1500

0 750 15000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Iron(g/g)

5000 20000 35000

5000 20000 350000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Mosher Lake Core C-1

Manganese(g/g)

0 750 1500

0 750 15000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Arsenic(g/g)

0 250 500

0 250 5000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Mercury(g/g)

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.50

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Zinc(g/g)

0 100 200

0 100 2000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Chromium(g/g)

0 25 50

0 25 500

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Copper(g/g)

0 50 100 150

0 50 100 1500

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Lead(g/g)

0 25 50

0 25 500

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Nickel(g/g)

0 25 50

0 25 500

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

1540

Cadmium(g/g)

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.50

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45




- 43 -

Figure 4-7 Sediment total organic carbon (TOC) profiles for all five Kenogamisis Lake basins. Note: scale differs between locations.

West Barton Bay

TOC(%)

0 10 20 30

0 10 20 30

Dep

th (

cm)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Barton Bay

TOC(%)

0 2 4 6 8 10

0 2 4 6 8 100

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

MacLeod Basin

TOC(%)

0 1 2 3 4 5

0 1 2 3 4 50

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Outflow Basin

TOC(%)

0 5 10 15

0 5 10 150

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Southwest Arm

TOC(%)

5 10 15

5 10 150

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45




- 44 -

Figure 4-8 Sediment arsenic profiles for all five Kenogamisis Lake basins. Note: scale differs between locations.

West Barton Bay

Arsenic(g/g)

0 250 500

0 250 500

Dep

th (

cm)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Barton Bay

Arsenic(g/g)

0 1000 2000

0 1000 20000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

MacLeod Basin

Arsenic(g/g)

0 100 200

0 100 2000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Outflow Basin

Arsenic(g/g)

0 100 200 300

0 100 200 3000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Southwest Arm

Arsenic(g/g)

0 50 100 150

0 50 100 1500

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45




- 45 -

Figure 4-9 Sediment copper profiles for all five Kenogamisis Lake basins. Note: scale differs between locations.

West Barton Bay

Copper(g/g)

0 50 100 150

0 50 100 150

De

pth

(cm

)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Barton Bay

Copper(g/g)

100 150 200 250

100 150 200 2500

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

MacLeod Basin

Copper(g/g)

0 10 20 30

0 10 20 300

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Outflow Basin

Copper(g/g)

0 50 100 150

0 50 100 1500

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Southwest Arm

Copper(g/g)

10 20 30

10 20 300

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45




- 46 -

Figure 4-10 Sediment iron profiles for all five Kenogamisis Lake basins. Note: scale differs between locations.

West Barton Bay

Iron(g/g)

5000 20000 35000

5000 20000 35000

De

pth

(cm

)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Barton Bay

Iron(g/g)

50000 55000 60000

50000 55000 600000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

MacLeod Basin

Iron(g/g)

5000 12500 20000

5000 12500 200000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Southwest Arm

Iron(g/g)

5000 20000 35000

5000 20000 350000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Outflow Basin

Iron(g/g)

20000 25000 30000 35000

20000 25000 30000 350000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45




- 47 -

Figure 4-11 Sediment manganese profiles for all five Kenogamisis Lake basins. Note: scale differs between locations

West Barton Bay

Manganese(g/g)

0 500 1000

0 500 1000

De

pth

(cm

)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Barton Bay

Manganese(g/g)

400 800

400 8000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

MacLeod Basin

Manganese(g/g)

0 500 1000

0 500 10000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Outflow Basin

Manganese(g/g)

0 750 1500

0 750 15000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Southwest Arm

Manganese(g/g)

0 750 1500

0 750 15000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

1520




- 48 -

Figure 4-12 Sediment mercury profiles for all five Kenogamisis Lake basins. Note: scale differs between locations.

West Barton Bay

Mercury(g/g)

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5

Dep

th (

cm)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Barton Bay

Mercury(g/g)

0.0 0.2 0.4

0.0 0.2 0.40

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Outflow Basin

Mercury(g/g)

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.30

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

MacLeod Basin

Mercury(g/g)

0.00 0.04 0.08

0.00 0.04 0.080

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Southwest Arm

Mercury(g/g)

0.0 0.1 0.2

0.0 0.1 0.20

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0.8990




- 49 -

Figure 4-13 Sediment nickel profiles for all five Kenogamisis Lake basins. Note: scale differs between locations.

West Barton Bay

Nickel(g/g)

0 25 50

0 25 50

De

pth

(cm

)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Barton Bay

Nickel(g/g)

50 60 70 80

50 60 70 800

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

MacLeod Basin

Nickel(g/g)

0 10 20

0 10 200

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Outflow Basin

Nickel(g/g)

15 20 25 30 35 40

15 20 25 30 35 400

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Southwest Arm

Nickel(g/g)

20 25 30

20 25 300

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45




- 50 -

Figure 4-14 Sediment phosphorus profiles for all five Kenogamisis Lake basins. Note: scale differs between locations.

West Barton Bay

Phosphorus(g/g)

300 600 900

300 600 900

De

pth

(cm

)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Barton Bay

Phosphorus(g/g)

600 1000 1400

600 1000 14000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

MacLeod Basin

Phosphorus(g/g)

350 550 750

350 550 7500

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Outflow Basin

Phosphorus(g/g)

600 900 1200

600 900 12000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Southwest Arm

Phosphorus(g/g)

500 750 1000

500 750 10000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45





- 51 -

4.2 Summary

The sediment core stratigraphies indicated that most of the parameters elevated in surface sediments experienced an increase in concentration sometime within the sediment record. Interestingly, the magnitude of the increase that occurred in each core corresponded with spatial trends that were

observed in the surface sediments with the exception of the MacLeod Basin sediment core. The increase in the West Barton Bay sediment core was most pronounced followed by the sediment core that was collected at the inlet to the Outflow basin which was identified as a localized zone with elevated

metal/metalloid levels and was likely the first depositional area downstream of the most affected areas (West Barton Bay, Barton Bay and the MacLeod Basin). The less pronounced shift in the MacLeod Basin sediment core stratigraphy was likely due to the location of the collection site well away from historic

tailings areas in an effort to acquire an undisturbed sediment record. The sediment core collected from the Southwest Basin had a much less pronounced shift in comparison to the West Barton Bay core which reflected its location upstream of the majority of past mining activity.

The increase in parameter concentrations occurred between the 8.5 cm interval and the 13.5 cm interval in sediment cores from Kenogamisis Lake which was anticipated to align with the onset of mining

activities. The shift in the Mosher Lake sediment record occurred much deeper in the sediment record at approximately 23.5 cm. This does not infer that mining activity began sooner at the Mosher or Talmora Mines but likely reflects an increased sedimentation rate in that lake as suggested by higher TOC

concentrations in the sediment record. When the results from Pb210 dating of the sediment cores become available, the dating profile will be used to confirm these assumptions and further interpret the sediment record especially data from the Barton Bay sediment core.

Inferring the relative rates of metal/metalloid loadings in natural systems from core stratigraphy requires caution as diagenic processes can enrich the surface layers with elements affected by the redox cycle

such as iron, manganese and phosphorus. Moreover, sediments in parts of the lake appear comprised of tailings which in themselves would not reflect the signatures of natural geochemical weathering process within the watershed and would alter sedimentation rates. Notwithstanding these limitations, overall the

results suggested that recovery of sediments in this watercourse will not be rapid. In the 40 years since mining activity ceased, most metal concentrations remained highest at the sediment-water interface as was observed in studies undertaken in 1981 (Ministry of the Environment 1982). However, some metals

show a slow recovery in the upper part of the core profile.





- 52 -

5 References

Carter, M.R. 1993. Soil sampling and methods of analysis. Canadian Society of Soil Science. Lewis Publishers. Boca Raton, Fl. 823pp.

Crins, W.J., Gray, P.A., Uhlig, P.W.C., and Wester, M.C. 2009. The Ecosystems of Ontario, Part I:

Ecozones and Ecoregions. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Peterborough Ontario,

Inventory, Monitoring and Assessment, SIB TER IMA TR- 01, 71pp. Available from http://publicdocs.mnr.gov.on.ca/View.asp?Document_ID=19244&Attachment_ID=41133 [accessed November 2012].

Ecological Stratification Working Group 1995. A National Ecological Framework for Canada. Agriculture

and Agri-Food Canada, Research Branch, Centre for Land and Biological Resources Research

and Environment Canada, State of the Environment Directorate, Ecozone Analysis Branch, Ottawa/Hull. Report and national map at 1:7,500,000 scale. Available from http://sis.agr.gc.ca/cansis/publications/ecostrat/cad_report.pdf [accessed November 2012].

Glew, J.R. 1989. A new trigger mechanism for sediment samplers. Journal of Paleolimnology, 5: 241-243.

Greenstone Economic Development Corporation. 2012. Mineral Development. Available from http://www.gedc.ca/article/mineral-development-initiative-238.asp [accessed December 2012].

Ivanov, K., Zaprjanova, P., Angelova, V., Bekjarov, G. and Dospatliev, L. 2010. ICP determination of phosphorus in soils and plants. 19th World Congress of Soil Science, Soil Solutions for a Changing World. Available from http://www.iuss.org/19th%20WCSS/Symposium/pdf/1629.pdf [accessed

December 2012].

Neff, B.P. and Killian, J.R. 2003. The Great Lakes Water Balance: Data Availability and Annotated Bibliography of Selected References. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,

Water Investigations Report 02-4296. Avialable from http://www.glc.org/wateruse/wrmdss/finalreport/pdf/ABpaperFINALPUBLISHED.pdf [accessed November 2012].

Ontario Ministry of the Environment. 1982. A Water Quality Assessment of Kenogamisis Lake, District of Thunder Bay. Municipal and Private Abatement Section, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Northwest Region. Available from

http://archive.org/details/AWATERQUALITYASS00SNSN19913.ome [accessed November 2012].

Ontario Ministry of the Environment. 2008. Guidelines for Identifying, Assessing and Managing Contaminated Sediments in Ontario: An Integrated Approach. Queen’s Printer for Ontarion. 112

pp. Available from http://www.ene.gov.on.ca/environment/en/resources/STD01_076359.html [accessed November 2012].

Pierzynski, G., Zhang, H., Wolf, A., Kleinman, P.J., Mallarino, A., Sullivan, D. 2005. Phosphorus

determination in waters and extracts of soils and by-products: Inductively-coupled plasma spectrometry versus colorimetric procedures. SERA-17 Policy Workgroup Paper. SERA-17.





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Available at http://www.sera17.ext.vt.edu/Documents/P_Analysis_Comparisons.pdf [accessed December 2012].

Racey, G.D., Wiltshire, R.O. and Archibald, D.J. 1999. Ecoregional forest composition analysis for

northwestern Ontario present forest condition. Ont. Min. Natur. Resour., Northwest Sci. and Technol., Thunder Bay, ON. NWST Technical Report TR-123. 44 pp. Available from http://www.mnr.gov.on.ca/stdprodconsume/groups/lr/@mnr/@nwsi/documents/document/mnr_e005416.pdf [accessed November 2012].


Appendix A Premier Gold Mines Limited

Hardrock Project – Geraldton Ontario

A Spatial and Temporal Assessment of Metal/Metalloid Concentrations in Kenogamisis Lake Sediments (2012)

Kenogamisis Sediment Core Data

Table 1: West Barton Bay Sediment Core Data. All units in ug/g unless otherwise noted.

Sample Interval 0-1 cm 1-2 cm 2-3 cm 3-4 cm 4-5 cm 5-6 cm 6-7 cm 7-8 cm 8-9 cm 9-10 cm

Organic / Inorganic Carbon Fraction Organic Carbon - 0.112 0.120 0.116 0.116 0.108 0.114 0.111 0.0941 0.105 Total Organic Carbon (%) - 11.2 12.0 11.6 11.6 10.8 11.4 11.1 9.41 10.5

Metals Aluminum (Al) 12400 11900 12600 12100 12600 12700 12300 12700 12600 12600 Antimony (Sb) 6.7 6.2 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.8 9.0 9.6 11.6 16.6 Arsenic (As) 398 359 372 368 345 348 318 294 248 225 Barium (Ba) 83.9 81.9 84.1 79.1 82.7 80.8 80.5 79.6 79.3 80.2 Beryllium (Be) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Bismuth (Bi) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Boron (B) <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 5.1 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 Cadmium (Cd) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Calcium (Ca) 10600 10300 10400 9340 10100 9120 9850 9610 9170 9370 Chromium (Cr) 34.3 30.6 31.7 32.2 33.9 32.4 31.1 32.1 31.9 31.1 Cobalt (Co) 16.2 12.1 13.1 12.5 13.0 13.8 13.3 13.6 14.2 15.5 Copper (Cu) 99.7 97.7 104 102 107 105 112 117 125 141 Iron (Fe) 33600 32100 33700 31900 33400 33400 32600 32600 31100 29700 Lead (Pb) 40.1 38.6 40.9 39.1 40.8 41.6 42.6 43.4 43.8 45.1 Lithium (Li) 19.7 19.1 19.7 19.0 20.3 20.3 20.4 20.6 20.3 21.0 Magnesium (Mg) 6050 5820 5890 5530 5990 5960 5860 5870 6110 6250 Manganese (Mn) 862 612 573 551 543 526 489 445 399 363 Mercury (Hg) 1.24 1.22 1.27 1.23 1.34 1.28 1.32 1.31 1.33 1.41 Molybdenum (Mo) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Nickel (Ni) 38.6 36.0 40.3 37.8 39.7 38.9 40.0 41.3 43.4 46.0 Phosphorus (P) 836 748 848 736 774 850 779 771 844 760 Potassium (K) 1200 1160 1210 1090 1320 1140 1140 1130 1130 1180 Selenium (Se) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Silver (Ag) 0.24 0.24 0.25 0.24 0.24 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.26 Sodium (Na) 300 210 210 200 230 190 190 210 200 230 Strontium (Sr) 34.9 33.9 34.7 32.7 33.9 34.7 36.0 34.5 35.2 38.6 Thallium (Tl) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Tin (Sn) <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 Titanium (Ti) 245 249 242 224 234 235 238 221 206 211 Uranium (U) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Vanadium (V) 25.7 25.4 25.9 24.5 26.4 25.8 25.8 26.0 25.8 26.2 Zinc (Zn) 168 157 167 158 173 165 170 173 176 181

Table 1 (cont’d): West Barton Bay Sediment Core Data. All units in ug/g unless otherwise noted.

Sample Interval 11-12 cm 13-14 cm 15-16 cm 17-18 cm 19-20 cm 21-22 cm 23-24 cm 25-26 cm 27-28 cm 29-30 cm

Organic / Inorganic Carbon Fraction Organic Carbon 0.124 0.166 0.178 0.168 0.167 0.182 0.185 0.187 0.221 0.240 Total Organic Carbon (%) 12.4 16.6 17.8 16.8 16.7 18.2 18.5 18.7 22.1 24.0

Metals Aluminum (Al) 10900 9290 9570 9260 8360 8500 8000 5810 5570 4750 Antimony (Sb) 16.4 11.1 2.5 3.3 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Arsenic (As) 276 494 186 250 120 119 112 90.0 86.1 81.2 Barium (Ba) 76.2 60.6 58.6 57.2 50.1 49.9 47.1 37.7 37.1 33.6 Beryllium (Be) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Bismuth (Bi) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Boron (B) <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 5.7 <5.0 5.1 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 Cadmium (Cd) 0.51 0.51 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Calcium (Ca) 10900 10600 11300 11000 10800 11500 12000 11200 13800 13900 Chromium (Cr) 27.2 24.0 22.7 24.3 22.1 22.6 21.7 17.3 16.0 13.7 Cobalt (Co) 11.7 7.3 6.6 6.4 5.6 5.8 6.0 5.2 4.9 4.4 Copper (Cu) 106 44.8 20.1 26.5 15.5 15.5 17.3 15.2 15.7 15.5 Iron (Fe) 23500 16200 15700 15400 13400 13300 13100 11000 11300 10400 Lead (Pb) 31.6 12.1 8.3 8.2 5.4 5.3 5.7 4.7 4.1 4.1 Lithium (Li) 14.4 9.5 9.3 9.0 7.6 7.8 7.2 4.9 4.5 4.1 Magnesium (Mg) 5140 3600 3380 3450 3000 3000 2930 2330 2290 2120 Manganese (Mn) 317 274 270 270 237 244 241 197 214 223 Mercury (Hg) 0.916 0.376 0.163 0.255 0.122 0.112 0.150 0.130 0.118 0.100 Molybdenum (Mo) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Nickel (Ni) 37.2 23.6 20.4 20.4 17.2 17.5 17.9 15.8 15.7 14.0 Phosphorus (P) 690 624 616 623 536 574 565 435 418 380 Potassium (K) 1160 880 920 880 730 750 710 470 450 350 Selenium (Se) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 1.1 <1.0 Silver (Ag) <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 Sodium (Na) 220 160 150 170 130 140 130 100 110 120 Strontium (Sr) 41.4 31.1 28.7 30.7 26.5 27.9 28.0 25.3 30.7 30.0 Thallium (Tl) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Tin (Sn) <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 Titanium (Ti) 288 392 470 457 416 425 397 287 298 217 Uranium (U) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Vanadium (V) 23.2 19.4 19.8 19.4 17.5 17.9 17.0 13.0 12.5 10.6 Zinc (Zn) 152 101 83.3 86.7 75.6 76.4 79.3 71.0 61.4 56.3

Table 1 (cont’d): West Barton Bay Sediment Core Data. All units in ug/g unless otherwise noted.

Sample Interval 30-31 cm 31-32 cm 33-34 cm Organic / Inorganic Carbon Fraction Organic Carbon 0.239 0.296 0.256 Total Organic Carbon (%) 23.9 29.6 25.6

Metals Aluminum (Al) 5180 4890 4340 Antimony (Sb) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Arsenic (As) 97.2 90.1 81.8 Barium (Ba) 37.8 36.7 33.8 Beryllium (Be) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Bismuth (Bi) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Boron (B) 5.1 5.2 <5.0 Cadmium (Cd) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Calcium (Ca) 18200 18000 14800 Chromium (Cr) 18.0 16.4 12.8 Cobalt (Co) 5.0 4.8 4.2 Copper (Cu) 18.7 18.2 16.5 Iron (Fe) 12400 11800 10300 Lead (Pb) 4.5 4.2 4.2 Lithium (Li) 4.9 4.6 3.4 Magnesium (Mg) 2530 2450 2070 Manganese (Mn) 295 273 218 Mercury (Hg) 0.148 0.063 0.121 Molybdenum (Mo) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Nickel (Ni) 17.6 16.3 13.9 Phosphorus (P) 426 392 382 Potassium (K) 380 370 300 Selenium (Se) 1.2 1.3 1.1 Silver (Ag) <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 Sodium (Na) 120 120 100 Strontium (Sr) 33.8 32.7 30.7 Thallium (Tl) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Tin (Sn) <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 Titanium (Ti) 216 223 195 Uranium (U) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Vanadium (V) 11.8 11.2 9.7 Zinc (Zn) 72.1 62.5 56.1

Table 2: Barton Bay Sediment Core Data. All units in ug/g unless otherwise noted.

Sample Interval 0-1 cm 1-2 cm 2-3 cm 3-4 cm 4-5 cm 5-6 cm 6-7 cm 7-8 cm 8-9 cm 9-10 cm Organic / Inorganic Carbon Fraction Organic Carbon 0.0586 0.0830 0.0591 0.0575 0.0568 0.0569 0.0569 0.0582 0.0569 0.0392 Total Organic Carbon (%) 5.86 8.30 5.91 5.75 5.68 5.69 5.69 5.82 5.69 3.92

Metals Aluminum (Al) 20100 19800 20800 20000 20600 19800 19800 20400 20900 20400 Antimony (Sb) 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 3.0 3.2 Arsenic (As) 867 770 836 833 751 722 522 522 364 304 Barium (Ba) 88.0 88.6 93.0 90.3 93.0 88.3 85.8 90.7 91.3 84.7 Beryllium (Be) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Bismuth (Bi) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Boron (B) <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 6.0 <5.0 Cadmium (Cd) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Calcium (Ca) 9280 8810 9500 8990 9130 8500 8310 8860 8980 8490 Chromium (Cr) 91.6 90.7 96.0 90.0 94.5 89.1 87.8 92.6 92.7 94.0 Cobalt (Co) 19.0 19.0 19.4 18.8 19.1 18.8 18.2 18.8 19.2 18.8 Copper (Cu) 143 144 146 142 148 146 147 154 161 164 Iron (Fe) 55900 54900 56900 55800 55500 54600 52400 54700 53300 52100 Lead (Pb) 31.8 31.5 31.0 31.7 30.9 31.0 30.6 31.7 32.1 32.2 Lithium (Li) 15.3 15.1 16.2 15.4 16.1 15.1 15.1 15.4 15.4 14.8 Magnesium (Mg) 13100 13100 13600 13200 13700 12900 13000 13600 13700 13800 Manganese (Mn) 688 652 666 626 605 559 503 519 488 441 Mercury (Hg) 0.302 0.304 0.291 0.298 0.356 0.297 0.286 0.290 0.292 0.271 Molybdenum (Mo) 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 Nickel (Ni) 55.8 55.8 57.4 54.5 57.2 55.4 54.3 56.6 57.6 58.7 Phosphorus (P) 1270 1210 1210 1260 1230 1230 1130 1240 1080 876 Potassium (K) 2530 2540 2940 2640 2990 2610 2560 2670 2840 2730 Selenium (Se) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Silver (Ag) 0.64 0.66 0.64 0.65 0.66 0.66 0.65 0.69 0.71 0.71 Sodium (Na) 250 270 260 290 290 290 280 270 310 280 Strontium (Sr) 42.0 38.9 38.0 39.0 37.6 36.0 35.8 36.9 36.9 35.0 Thallium (Tl) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Tin (Sn) <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 Titanium (Ti) 552 576 583 580 585 577 579 604 632 603 Uranium (U) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Vanadium (V) 55.7 56.1 58.7 55.9 58.6 55.7 55.0 57.1 58.5 57.8 Zinc (Zn) 185 185 195 184 193 184 182 191 192 194

Table 2 (cont’d): Barton Bay Sediment Core Data. All units in ug/g unless otherwise noted.

Sample Interval 11-12 cm 13-14 cm 15-16 cm 17-18 cm 19-20 cm 21-22 cm 22-23 cm 23-24 cm Organic / Inorganic Carbon Fraction Organic Carbon 0.0366 0.0315 0.0222 0.0241 0.0199 0.0139 0.0180 0.0162 Total Organic Carbon (%) 3.66 3.15 2.22 2.41 1.99 1.39 1.80 1.62

Metals Aluminum (Al) 19600 22700 20900 21600 21800 21500 24100 24100 Antimony (Sb) 4.2 4.4 4.4 5.7 6.0 4.4 4.1 4.6 Arsenic (As) 378 707 1170 1640 1650 1750 1840 1720 Barium (Ba) 88.8 97.3 96.6 100 100 106 112 116 Beryllium (Be) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 0.53 0.50 Bismuth (Bi) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Boron (B) <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 Cadmium (Cd) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Calcium (Ca) 8640 10900 10300 10200 10900 13300 13900 13200 Chromium (Cr) 96.2 114 107 123 115 123 124 121 Cobalt (Co) 18.6 20.7 18.3 18.0 18.1 17.6 17.5 17.2 Copper (Cu) 167 201 154 195 218 126 139 159 Iron (Fe) 50000 51200 55100 56500 56500 55500 57900 56500 Lead (Pb) 32.3 30.6 26.8 26.9 25.2 23.9 25.9 26.7 Lithium (Li) 12.6 12.3 11.9 12.1 11.5 10.8 12.6 12.5 Magnesium (Mg) 13600 16600 15900 17100 17500 18300 19100 18400 Manganese (Mn) 399 451 482 489 518 565 604 583 Mercury (Hg) 0.321 0.293 0.183 0.171 0.127 0.899 0.058 0.067 Molybdenum (Mo) 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 Nickel (Ni) 60.1 71.1 63.3 73.2 78.2 68.7 72.4 73.6 Phosphorus (P) 789 938 741 633 608 626 612 613 Potassium (K) 3090 3780 4030 4500 4510 5310 5970 5980 Selenium (Se) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Silver (Ag) 0.71 0.71 0.60 0.69 0.67 0.42 0.43 0.43 Sodium (Na) 260 290 280 260 260 250 570 540 Strontium (Sr) 38.8 44.5 54.3 62.7 60.1 80.9 79.8 70.1 Thallium (Tl) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Tin (Sn) <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 Titanium (Ti) 604 698 665 624 653 695 777 761 Uranium (U) 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 Vanadium (V) 59.0 70.6 65.5 70.9 69.4 72.1 74.0 73.9 Zinc (Zn) 212 261 242 287 271 168 158 166

Table 3: MacLeod Basin Sediment Core Data. All units in ug/g unless otherwise noted.

Sample Interval 0-1 cm 1-2 cm 2-3 cm 3-4 cm 4-5 cm 5-6 cm 6-7 cm 7-8 cm 8-9 cm 9-10 cm Organic / Inorganic Carbon Fraction Organic Carbon 0.0337 0.0300 0.0280 0.0262 0.0233 0.0196 0.0255 0.0230 0.0220 0.0207 Total Organic Carbon (%) 3.37 3.00 2.80 2.62 2.33 1.96 2.55 2.30 2.20 2.07

Metals Aluminum (Al) 5700 5910 5330 4560 4250 4850 4570 4090 3950 3650 Antimony (Sb) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Arsenic (As) 140 75.6 60.9 34.4 22.4 19.0 17.3 13.3 10.2 7.88 Barium (Ba) 40.8 35.9 34.0 27.0 25.3 27.0 26.0 23.0 20.9 19.2 Beryllium (Be) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Bismuth (Bi) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Boron (B) <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 Cadmium (Cd) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Calcium (Ca) 4400 4480 3930 3730 3520 3640 3340 3240 2990 3150 Chromium (Cr) 19.1 20.2 18.0 16.4 14.6 17.0 15.5 14.7 13.6 12.6 Cobalt (Co) 4.8 4.6 4.4 3.8 3.6 3.9 3.7 3.3 3.1 2.8 Copper (Cu) 20.4 19.0 18.7 15.0 14.0 16.5 16.8 12.6 8.6 5.4 Iron (Fe) 14600 13700 12900 10800 9950 10700 10200 9070 8550 7980 Lead (Pb) 9.5 9.1 8.9 7.4 6.8 7.7 7.5 5.9 4.2 2.9 Lithium (Li) 5.8 6.5 5.4 4.9 4.4 5.5 4.7 4.3 4.3 3.8 Magnesium (Mg) 2630 2670 2470 2120 2010 2170 1990 1810 1790 1690 Manganese (Mn) 877 495 466 300 251 252 229 201 186 170 Mercury (Hg) 0.070 0.062 0.065 0.052 0.047 0.043 0.048 0.038 0.030 0.022 Molybdenum (Mo) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Nickel (Ni) 12.7 12.4 11.9 10.2 9.5 10.9 10.3 9.1 8.0 7.0 Phosphorus (P) 677 629 600 590 563 551 574 515 552 514 Potassium (K) 570 660 530 450 410 500 460 390 350 340 Selenium (Se) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Silver (Ag) <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 Sodium (Na) 110 130 <100 100 <100 110 130 <100 <100 <100 Strontium (Sr) 12.8 14.3 12.0 11.3 10.0 12.4 11.0 9.6 9.5 9.4 Thallium (Tl) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Tin (Sn) <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 Titanium (Ti) 449 614 487 463 456 566 487 457 441 470 Uranium (U) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Vanadium (V) 17.6 19.6 16.9 15.2 14.7 17.2 15.6 14.3 13.8 13.9 Zinc (Zn) 42.0 43.4 37.7 31.5 29.5 33.6 31.3 25.5 22.2 18.4

Table 3 (Cont’d): MacLeod Basin Sediment Core Data. All units in ug/g unless otherwise noted.

Sample Interval 11-12 cm 13-14 cm 15-16 cm 17-18 cm 19-20 cm 21-22 cm 22-23 cm 23-24 cm Organic / Inorganic Carbon Fraction Organic Carbon 0.0101 0.0108 0.0093 0.0168 0.0154 0.0109 0.0172 0.0172 Total Organic Carbon (%) 1.01 1.08 0.93 1.68 1.54 1.09 1.72 1.72

Metals Aluminum (Al) 3440 3380 3350 3630 3440 3460 3460 3510 Antimony (Sb) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Arsenic (As) 16.3 9.56 6.53 6.72 5.61 5.07 4.43 4.25 Barium (Ba) 17.4 16.6 16.5 18.4 17.5 17.0 16.6 16.7 Beryllium (Be) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Bismuth (Bi) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Boron (B) <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 Cadmium (Cd) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Calcium (Ca) 2940 4050 6360 8930 12200 17800 20800 22000 Chromium (Cr) 12.6 12.0 12.1 12.9 12.2 12.6 12.4 12.5 Cobalt (Co) 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.3 Copper (Cu) 3.7 3.4 2.9 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.5 Iron (Fe) 7470 7370 7000 7270 6980 6840 6990 7010 Lead (Pb) 2.2 2.1 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.0 Lithium (Li) 2.8 3.0 2.9 3.1 2.9 3.2 4.1 4.3 Magnesium (Mg) 1680 2360 3960 5260 7480 11500 13300 13700 Manganese (Mn) 145 150 147 176 168 165 169 174 Mercury (Hg) 0.018 0.018 0.014 0.013 0.015 0.016 0.013 0.013 Molybdenum (Mo) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Nickel (Ni) 6.1 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.0 6.3 6.4 Phosphorus (P) 479 397 433 457 456 443 518 471 Potassium (K) 360 350 340 410 380 390 390 370 Selenium (Se) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Silver (Ag) <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 Sodium (Na) <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 Strontium (Sr) 10.8 9.8 11.7 14.7 15.2 17.3 17.2 17.2 Thallium (Tl) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Tin (Sn) <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 Titanium (Ti) 568 503 572 622 607 609 516 489 Uranium (U) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Vanadium (V) 14.3 13.1 13.9 15.2 14.4 14.6 13.8 13.6 Zinc (Zn) 16.6 15.9 14.3 15.0 14.4 13.3 13.4 13.8

Table 4: Outflow Basin Sediment Core Data. All units in ug/g unless otherwise noted.

Sample ID 0-1 cm 1-2 cm 2-3 cm 3-4 cm 4-5 cm 5-6 cm 6-7 cm 7-8 cm 8-9 cm 9-10 cm Organic / Inorganic Carbon Fraction Organic Carbon 0.0792 - - - 0.0710 0.0740 0.0681 0.0697 0.0675 0.0679 Total Organic Carbon (%) 7.92 - - - 7.10 7.40 6.81 6.97 6.75 6.79

Metals Aluminum (Al) 13800 15200 15000 14500 14100 14400 14000 13700 14200 15200 Antimony (Sb) 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.4 2.9 2.9 Arsenic (As) 288 176 132 114 102 85.6 78.6 77.3 86.3 76.5 Barium (Ba) 105 104 99.3 97.3 93.0 93.1 90.5 88.5 95.4 96.2 Beryllium (Be) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Bismuth (Bi) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Boron (B) 7.8 9.3 9.2 8.7 8.8 8.6 9.2 8.0 8.7 8.6 Cadmium (Cd) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Calcium (Ca) 8250 8570 8070 8100 8150 7720 7400 7400 8020 7680 Chromium (Cr) 41.2 47.2 45.8 44.9 43.8 44.8 41.5 43.5 43.7 45.7 Cobalt (Co) 11.8 12.0 12.0 11.8 11.4 11.7 11.5 11.5 12.1 11.9 Copper (Cu) 82.7 89.4 91.0 87.9 86.4 93.1 94.6 104 113 102 Iron (Fe) 34900 34900 34200 33800 32300 32000 30500 30200 31800 30500 Lead (Pb) 27.9 28.5 28.1 26.9 25.6 26.5 26.2 25.4 27.8 24.4 Lithium (Li) 14.1 15.3 15.7 15.1 14.4 14.4 14.2 13.8 15.0 14.3 Magnesium (Mg) 5720 6190 6040 5920 5710 5750 5550 5460 5740 5750 Manganese (Mn) 1380 1110 1010 946 870 842 799 735 757 724 Mercury (Hg) 0.222 0.228 0.286 0.228 0.245 0.215 0.210 0.239 0.230 0.202 Molybdenum (Mo) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Nickel (Ni) 31.7 34.6 34.7 34.2 33.2 34.4 33.5 35.7 37.3 38.3 Phosphorus (P) 1160 1010 944 899 885 836 779 735 811 838 Potassium (K) 1470 1730 1680 1630 1670 1660 1600 1570 1610 1660 Selenium (Se) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Silver (Ag) <0.20 0.21 0.21 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 0.22 <0.20 Sodium (Na) 200 240 240 220 230 230 210 210 220 240 Strontium (Sr) 24.6 24.4 23.3 22.7 22.3 22.8 21.5 20.8 21.9 21.4 Thallium (Tl) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Tin (Sn) <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 Titanium (Ti) 632 758 744 771 778 803 791 770 772 814 Uranium (U) 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.2 Vanadium (V) 33.7 37.9 37.2 36.5 35.9 36.5 35.7 35.3 36.5 36.7 Zinc (Zn) 114 128 124 120 121 119 112 119 121 114

Table 4 (Cont’d): Outflow Basin Sediment Core Data. All units in ug/g unless otherwise noted.

Sample ID 11-12 cm 13-14 cm 15-16 cm 17-18 cm 19-20 cm 21-22 cm 23-24 cm 25-26 cm 27-28 cm 29-30 cm Organic / Inorganic Carbon Fraction Organic Carbon 0.0600 0.0466 0.0506 0.0566 0.0542 0.0547 0.0523 0.0517 0.0568 0.113 Total Organic Carbon (%) 6.00 4.66 5.06 5.66 5.42 5.47 5.23 5.17 5.68 11.3

Metals Aluminum (Al) 12100 11900 12400 12700 12600 13000 12900 12900 13000 13500 Antimony (Sb) 2.2 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Arsenic (As) 47.3 34.6 29.8 24.2 20.5 21.0 17.2 15.6 16.2 15.3 Barium (Ba) 91.6 80.3 84.7 85.8 87.3 89.7 87.1 87.5 89.3 89.9 Beryllium (Be) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Bismuth (Bi) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Boron (B) 8.6 8.4 8.8 8.7 9.2 9.1 8.9 9.2 9.4 9.5 Cadmium (Cd) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Calcium (Ca) 6670 6430 6950 6960 6590 6800 6450 6970 6900 6990 Chromium (Cr) 35.5 34.4 35.9 36.7 36.4 37.5 36.8 37.3 37.6 38.7 Cobalt (Co) 8.8 7.9 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.6 8.4 8.5 8.6 9.0 Copper (Cu) 44.5 18.8 16.4 13.8 14.1 14.8 14.1 13.4 14.0 14.6 Iron (Fe) 25900 25300 25600 26200 25700 26700 26300 26300 27200 27700 Lead (Pb) 14.6 7.9 6.8 6.4 6.4 6.5 6.2 6.1 6.3 6.4 Lithium (Li) 12.7 12.5 12.9 13.2 13.3 13.6 13.0 13.1 13.3 13.6 Magnesium (Mg) 4720 4690 4860 4920 4910 5010 5040 4980 5020 5270 Manganese (Mn) 479 581 591 595 579 653 619 601 640 665 Mercury (Hg) 0.128 0.083 0.078 0.075 0.074 0.073 0.069 0.068 0.069 0.069 Molybdenum (Mo) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Nickel (Ni) 25.5 20.2 20.5 20.1 20.6 21.1 20.2 20.6 21.4 22.0 Phosphorus (P) 666 686 695 679 708 657 655 725 699 685 Potassium (K) 1290 1220 1310 1300 1290 1330 1280 1330 1350 1450 Selenium (Se) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Silver (Ag) <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 Sodium (Na) 200 240 190 210 210 190 190 220 180 200 Strontium (Sr) 21.5 20.3 21.6 21.0 21.6 21.6 20.6 21.8 21.3 22.2 Thallium (Tl) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Tin (Sn) <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 Titanium (Ti) 687 709 735 736 743 767 755 780 750 775 Uranium (U) 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 Vanadium (V) 32.5 32.6 33.5 34.1 34.2 35.1 34.2 35.0 34.7 35.7 Zinc (Zn) 76.7 62.6 61.2 62.5 62.2 64.1 64.5 65.5 67.5 68.1

Table 4 (Cont’d): Outflow Basin Sediment Core Data. All units in ug/g unless otherwise noted.

Sample ID 31-32 cm 33-34 cm 35-36 cm 37-38 cm 39-40 cm 40-41 cm Organic / Inorganic Carbon Fraction Organic Carbon 0.0566 0.0551 0.0929 0.0863 0.0555 0.0561 Total Organic Carbon (%) 5.66 5.51 9.29 8.63 5.55 5.61

Metals Aluminum (Al) 13000 12400 12100 12000 13000 14100 Antimony (Sb) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Arsenic (As) 13.3 10.9 9.49 10.3 11.4 17.0 Barium (Ba) 86.4 83.4 80.2 79.8 79.0 84.6 Beryllium (Be) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Bismuth (Bi) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Boron (B) 9.4 8.8 9.1 9.1 10.0 9.6 Cadmium (Cd) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Calcium (Ca) 7210 6960 6760 6570 7160 7680 Chromium (Cr) 37.1 36.7 35.9 34.9 37.2 40.2 Cobalt (Co) 8.7 8.4 8.2 8.0 8.2 8.8 Copper (Cu) 13.4 12.8 12.5 12.4 13.3 16.8 Iron (Fe) 26800 26500 25600 25200 26000 27900 Lead (Pb) 6.1 5.9 5.8 5.6 6.6 6.7 Lithium (Li) 13.1 12.6 12.6 12.2 15.4 15.6 Magnesium (Mg) 5190 5090 4900 4930 5320 5610 Manganese (Mn) 657 614 562 607 636 696 Mercury (Hg) 0.065 0.063 0.061 0.058 0.082 0.069 Molybdenum (Mo) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Nickel (Ni) 21.5 20.1 19.9 19.4 20.2 22.4 Phosphorus (P) 689 637 646 644 715 706 Potassium (K) 1320 1260 1250 1230 1400 1460 Selenium (Se) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Silver (Ag) <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 Sodium (Na) 190 180 190 210 200 200 Strontium (Sr) 22.0 20.4 20.9 20.5 23.5 22.6 Thallium (Tl) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Tin (Sn) <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 Titanium (Ti) 790 738 754 771 903 896 Uranium (U) 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.2 Vanadium (V) 35.0 33.9 33.2 32.9 34.4 36.3 Zinc (Zn) 65.8 65.0 62.9 60.9 69.9 76.6

Table 5: Southwest Arm Sediment Core Data. All units in ug/g unless otherwise noted.

Sample ID 0-1 cm 1-2 cm 2-3 cm 3-4 cm 4-5 cm 5-6 cm 6-7 cm 7-8 cm 8-9 cm 9-10 cm


Metals Aluminum (Al) 14100 13700 14300 14000 14400 13700 14900 13700 13500 14100 Antimony (Sb) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Arsenic (As) 99.6 95.8 87.4 79.9 77.1 71.8 67.9 72.9 77.9 78.7 Barium (Ba) 103 97.6 99.3 97.4 98.7 95.4 98.3 92.2 90.6 95.6 Beryllium (Be) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Bismuth (Bi) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Boron (B) 8.1 8.7 8.4 8.3 8.2 7.7 8.0 7.9 7.8 8.6 Cadmium (Cd) 0.56 0.55 0.57 0.55 0.57 0.55 0.57 0.56 0.57 0.59 Calcium (Ca) 12600 12000 12200 11900 12100 11500 11700 10700 10700 10400 Chromium (Cr) 47.0 41.5 42.8 42.0 42.4 39.4 41.8 42.1 40.0 41.4 Cobalt (Co) 9.4 9.0 9.3 9.1 9.3 9.0 9.4 8.9 8.9 8.8 Copper (Cu) 21.2 20.4 21.3 20.8 21.0 20.2 22.6 20.4 20.2 20.3 Iron (Fe) 31900 30500 31300 30600 30800 29800 30900 28700 28300 28400 Lead (Pb) 23.1 21.8 23.6 22.1 23.2 22.5 24.6 22.4 22.0 22.3 Lithium (Li) 16.0 14.7 15.7 14.6 15.5 14.6 15.5 14.7 14.1 15.8 Magnesium (Mg) 5850 5660 5890 5720 5790 5530 5860 5510 5400 5560 Manganese (Mn) 1520 1170 1170 1110 1040 946 931 806 765 765 Mercury (Hg) 0.150 0.167 0.160 0.175 0.154 0.188 0.172 0.145 0.145 0.147 Molybdenum (Mo) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Nickel (Ni) 27.4 24.6 25.7 24.9 25.3 23.8 25.5 24.9 24.3 24.2 Phosphorus (P) 887 890 897 854 923 835 848 816 757 745 Potassium (K) 1490 1420 1440 1450 1520 1420 1500 1410 1390 1470 Selenium (Se) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Silver (Ag) <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 Sodium (Na) 200 180 180 180 190 180 180 170 170 180 Strontium (Sr) 25.7 23.5 24.1 23.7 24.5 23.1 23.9 22.4 21.1 23.1 Thallium (Tl) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Tin (Sn) <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 Titanium (Ti) 736 701 723 763 776 709 746 753 745 796 Uranium (U) 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 Vanadium (V) 33.6 32.3 34.0 33.7 34.4 32.5 34.2 33.1 33.7 34.5 Zinc (Zn) 86.2 79.4 86.1 82.7 83.4 82.6 86.5 82.0 79.5 80.9

Table 5 (cont’d): Southwest Arm Sediment Core Data. All units in ug/g unless otherwise noted.

Sample ID 11-12 cm 13-14 cm 15-16 cm 17-18 cm 19-20 cm 21-22 cm 23-24 cm 25-26 cm 27-28 cm 29-30 cm


Metals Aluminum (Al) 13100 12600 13200 12800 13000 12900 12600 12900 13300 12900 Antimony (Sb) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Arsenic (As) 52.5 29.9 16.0 14.7 12.6 12.5 10.4 10.4 10.1 9.73 Barium (Ba) 92.9 90.0 89.0 88.4 87.5 85.9 83.3 83.6 84.8 83.6 Beryllium (Be) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Bismuth (Bi) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Boron (B) 7.4 7.4 8.2 8.2 8.1 7.6 7.5 7.6 8.2 7.3 Cadmium (Cd) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Calcium (Ca) 9440 8420 9010 8570 8750 9060 8170 8650 9040 8670 Chromium (Cr) 39.5 38.7 40.2 39.2 39.1 39.0 37.8 39.7 40.2 40.3 Cobalt (Co) 8.5 7.7 7.7 7.5 7.8 7.7 7.4 7.6 8.0 7.9 Copper (Cu) 17.2 15.5 15.3 15.0 15.0 15.2 14.9 15.2 15.5 15.5 Iron (Fe) 24900 24000 24600 23900 24300 24100 23100 23500 24400 23900 Lead (Pb) 16.1 11.7 8.3 7.6 6.4 6.3 6.0 6.0 6.2 6.2 Lithium (Li) 12.2 12.3 13.7 13.5 13.4 13.3 13.1 13.2 13.5 12.6 Magnesium (Mg) 4960 4770 5090 4920 5080 4940 4810 5010 5230 5100 Manganese (Mn) 566 515 458 477 457 467 431 433 446 445 Mercury (Hg) 0.147 0.128 0.095 0.092 0.086 0.082 0.076 0.079 0.078 0.110 Molybdenum (Mo) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Nickel (Ni) 23.4 21.6 22.2 21.9 22.1 21.9 21.5 22.2 23.0 22.7 Phosphorus (P) 670 658 706 670 644 637 592 531 646 648 Potassium (K) 1350 1290 1360 1290 1340 1340 1240 1340 1350 1310 Selenium (Se) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Silver (Ag) <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 Sodium (Na) 170 180 180 210 190 180 150 170 190 170 Strontium (Sr) 22.9 22.4 21.7 21.7 21.6 21.5 20.3 21.5 23.1 22.5 Thallium (Tl) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Tin (Sn) <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 Titanium (Ti) 793 791 777 746 769 765 739 758 799 865 Uranium (U) 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 Vanadium (V) 32.9 31.9 33.2 32.1 32.3 32.4 31.8 32.4 33.5 32.6 Zinc (Zn) 71.1 66.0 62.0 60.9 59.0 59.5 58.5 59.5 62.6 63.8

Table 5 (cont’d): Southwest Arm Sediment Core Data. All units in ug/g unless otherwise noted.

Sample ID 31-32 cm 32-33 cm 33-34 cm

Organic / Inorganic Carbon Fraction Organic Carbon 0.0829 0.0974 0.0947 Total Organic Carbon (%) 8.29 9.74 9.47

Metals Aluminum (Al) 13100 14500 14300 Antimony (Sb) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Arsenic (As) 8.97 10.6 9.57 Barium (Ba) 83.4 83.9 82.2 Beryllium (Be) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Bismuth (Bi) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Boron (B) 7.9 8.3 7.4 Cadmium (Cd) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Calcium (Ca) 9050 9960 9730 Chromium (Cr) 40.5 44.2 44.9 Cobalt (Co) 7.8 8.2 8.4 Copper (Cu) 15.4 15.6 15.8 Iron (Fe) 23900 24800 24600 Lead (Pb) 6.2 6.3 6.1 Lithium (Li) 13.7 16.4 14.8 Magnesium (Mg) 5330 5740 5770 Manganese (Mn) 430 479 481 Mercury (Hg) 0.076 0.061 0.054 Molybdenum (Mo) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Nickel (Ni) 22.8 24.3 24.8 Phosphorus (P) 597 614 657 Potassium (K) 1350 1530 1480 Selenium (Se) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Silver (Ag) <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 Sodium (Na) 170 190 190 Strontium (Sr) 23.0 23.5 22.9 Thallium (Tl) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Tin (Sn) <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 Titanium (Ti) 825 956 957 Uranium (U) 1.4 1.4 1.3 Vanadium (V) 33.3 35.2 35.3 Zinc (Zn) 61.7 65.9 66.6

Table 6: Mosher Lake Sediment Core Data. All units in ug/g unless otherwise noted.

Sample ID 0-1 CM 1-2 CM 2-3 CM 3-4 CM 4-5 CM 5-6 CM 6-7 CM 7-8 CM 8-9 CM 9-10 CM Organic / Inorganic Carbon Fraction Organic Carbon Total Organic Carbon (%)

Metals Aluminum (Al) 4140 3250 4550 3930 4170 3720 4240 4070 3520 3670 Antimony (Sb) 4.4 2.1 2.3 1.3 1.0 3.0 4.4 <1.0 1.4 <1.0 Arsenic (As) 144 135 148 131 137 132 133 120 104 108 Barium (Ba) 36.9 34.1 40.6 35.4 38.8 40.3 43.9 40.6 36.8 36.6 Beryllium (Be) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Bismuth (Bi) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Boron (B) 10.7 11.8 14.5 10.9 13.0 12.6 15.2 13.1 10.1 12.8 Cadmium (Cd) 0.67 0.80 0.85 0.72 0.72 0.72 0.73 0.69 0.61 0.64 Calcium (Ca) 8440 9340 9500 8050 9790 9290 10600 9520 7440 9600 Chromium (Cr) 10.3 8.1 10.6 8.8 9.5 8.5 9.0 9.1 8.0 8.3 Cobalt (Co) 4.6 3.9 4.7 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.9 Copper (Cu) 24.4 20.2 22.4 18.9 19.1 18.5 19.8 18.2 17.9 18.0 Iron (Fe) 9010 7450 8980 8030 8870 8650 9540 8750 7710 7150 Lead (Pb) 34.8 31.8 35.6 30.2 29.7 29.5 29.0 27.9 27.5 27.1 Lithium (Li) 4.0 2.9 4.3 3.5 3.7 3.4 3.8 3.5 3.0 3.2 Magnesium (Mg) 2040 1910 2330 1880 2140 2020 2200 2150 1720 2010 Manganese (Mn) 188 191 207 179 211 198 192 192 160 190 Mercury (Hg) 0.073 0.072 0.078 0.065 0.070 0.067 0.112 0.062 0.063 0.059 Molybdenum (Mo) 1.2 <1.0 1.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Nickel (Ni) 11.4 10.0 12.3 10.1 10.4 10.0 10.9 10.1 9.5 9.4 Phosphorus (P) 1410 1260 1480 1280 1370 1330 1400 1240 1260 1220 Potassium (K) 920 760 1020 840 1100 1040 1110 1170 750 920 Selenium (Se) 1.8 1.3 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.4 Silver (Ag) <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 Sodium (Na) 1200 800 1010 690 900 820 840 820 570 810 Strontium (Sr) 21.1 21.3 24.9 19.8 23.5 23.3 24.0 23.7 19.9 22.9 Thallium (Tl) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Tin (Sn) <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 Titanium (Ti) 136 107 165 135 147 125 156 138 115 127 Uranium (U) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Vanadium (V) 10.3 8.4 11.1 9.4 10.0 9.1 10.4 9.8 8.5 9.4 Zinc (Zn) 61.5 61.6 67.5 56.3 61.4 55.8 60.7 56.2 48.6 53.6

Table 6 (cont’d): Mosher Lake Sediment Core Data. All units in ug/g unless otherwise noted.

Sample ID 11-12 cm 13-14 cm 15-16 cm 19-20 cm 23-24 cm 27-28 cm 31-32 cm 35-36 cm 39-40 cm Organic / Inorganic Carbon Fraction Organic Carbon 0.268 0.268 0.263 0.264 0.286 0.278 0.272 0.287 0.259 Total Organic Carbon (%) 26.8 26.8 26.3 26.4 28.6 27.8 27.2 28.7 25.9

Metals Aluminum (Al) 4510 4510 4300 4410 4480 3930 3800 4770 3880 Antimony (Sb) 1.0 1.1 1.5 1.4 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Arsenic (As) 131 125 127 150 72.0 45.3 36.1 33.4 22.6 Barium (Ba) 40.3 37.5 36.8 34.5 39.2 45.3 39.0 50.2 44.0 Beryllium (Be) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Bismuth (Bi) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Boron (B) 14.5 12.5 14.0 12.4 7.8 7.0 5.6 7.4 5.7 Cadmium (Cd) 0.72 0.80 0.88 1.00 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Calcium (Ca) 9460 8310 7970 8400 8970 8860 6500 8860 6770 Chromium (Cr) 10.0 9.5 9.9 9.5 9.7 9.4 8.7 10.3 8.0 Cobalt (Co) 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.8 4.4 4.1 3.6 4.6 3.4 Copper (Cu) 19.8 20.0 21.0 22.1 18.9 18.4 16.3 20.7 17.9 Iron (Fe) 8330 7640 7720 8160 7580 6430 5590 6230 5490 Lead (Pb) 29.0 33.4 37.1 37.3 11.3 7.2 5.7 6.2 3.6 Lithium (Li) 3.0 1.8 3.2 3.1 2.0 2.4 2.1 2.9 2.0 Magnesium (Mg) 2260 2030 2030 2040 1690 1570 1260 1710 1290 Manganese (Mn) 192 165 159 124 153 146 137 158 122 Mercury (Hg) 0.116 0.101 0.072 0.142 0.054 0.059 0.041 0.056 0.041 Molybdenum (Mo) 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.1 1.4 1.3 Nickel (Ni) 11.2 11.1 11.4 12.2 10.3 10.8 9.4 12.2 9.8 Phosphorus (P) 1470 1430 1540 1430 713 520 412 541 376 Potassium (K) 1220 840 800 710 510 310 350 430 360 Selenium (Se) 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.0 Silver (Ag) <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 Sodium (Na) 940 770 750 740 610 450 200 450 230 Strontium (Sr) 23.2 20.7 21.2 19.5 21.6 19.7 14.6 20.1 16.4 Thallium (Tl) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Tin (Sn) <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 Titanium (Ti) 154 173 151 154 159 113 125 143 107 Uranium (U) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 1.1 <1.0 <1.0 1.1 <1.0 Vanadium (V) 11.3 11.2 10.8 10.6 10.7 10.6 9.6 11.6 9.3 Zinc (Zn) 59.7 62.7 65.3 71.6 45.3 42.2 33.8 40.8 33.0

Table 6 (cont’d): Mosher Lake Sediment Core Data. All units in ug/g unless otherwise noted.

Sample ID 40-41 CM 41-42 CM 42-43 CM 43-44 CM Organic / Inorganic Carbon Fraction Organic Carbon Total Organic Carbon (%)

Metals Aluminum (Al) 4740 3330 3370 3480 Antimony (Sb) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Arsenic (As) 25.8 21.8 22.1 30.4 Barium (Ba) 49.2 40.6 38.2 38.1 Beryllium (Be) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Bismuth (Bi) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Boron (B) 7.7 6.0 6.8 6.8 Cadmium (Cd) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Calcium (Ca) 9190 7270 7510 7580 Chromium (Cr) 10.2 19.9 7.4 7.5 Cobalt (Co) 4.1 3.4 3.3 3.3 Copper (Cu) 18.8 16.2 15.9 16.0 Iron (Fe) 6200 4710 4800 5090 Lead (Pb) 5.2 37.3 3.8 5.3 Lithium (Li) 3.7 2.3 2.3 2.4 Magnesium (Mg) 1690 1150 1180 1290 Manganese (Mn) 144 126 117 124 Mercury (Hg) 0.030 0.024 0.026 0.028 Molybdenum (Mo) 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3 Nickel (Ni) 10.9 9.0 9.4 9.5 Phosphorus (P) 494 400 479 490 Potassium (K) 490 300 340 390 Selenium (Se) 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.1 Silver (Ag) <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 Sodium (Na) 450 300 360 420 Strontium (Sr) 21.3 17.5 17.6 17.7 Thallium (Tl) <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Tin (Sn) <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 Titanium (Ti) 146 91.6 88.6 89.5 Uranium (U) 1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Vanadium (V) 10.8 8.3 8.0 8.2 Zinc (Zn) 51.2 42.2 40.0 35.0