Parish Plan forArne

Prepared by theParish Plan Steering Group

Sentember 2003

CONTENTS

llpk

r\ckndvlcdgcddns

Steerils Croup Objccti!cM$hodoLogy and ChroNlogyLkr olMcnbcrs ollhc Stccrir!

!is!-D!l

32l t - t6

IN IRODUCTION

n .hc Srlcrjnsatotro !l'o fleDared thr PL.n.ndI rhnk the nemben 'non wannLyforrhcnso,nfrlhcnr ridtime.

Ialso dmy p.soi3Ldn&sro d,ecrcfp s rckfowl!dslnri( bclow. ir pxrttrulrrro 1ru tulldcit or d,e Prhh oI rrc *ho um! t.llit rtrbli. reelrgs ind event

lr: bucn ! .halcigi',s ploces innr.nfr dstc 1l'I people should shaDe thcrrdofd,c drLlerse bm been ro.\onLraising

trhc erDecdion: thd rhd {c {r

The evidsrcc bNod r*ul( rrc m Icluding ihcm ln Dinn.r ,id coutrry conDntriry

SlErsiNso thxr tu Fa.isb of,^rnc devdoD ii thc !rr_ rl'c rcsidons ranr

on beh,'Ll of tlrc SLoqiDgatolp. I co

virg inr rl,cn \a uabL!

The con|t.jsc ^8!Ddy. n' c*.tr!'| il jdn'e

Purhd.k Dnticrcotrtr.il. *pe.ia ly RosCadtrjlgrilAm Pr$h cooc,l. inrinilgarnr adJ {Lotiot

y SnonTbo'npson lnrl,is 5uDPo(lnd

!.rch Cdtrrr. cspecrlly sEpheiCalli nYLn Mn, sanairsis.nd pr

die rcsidflns ol^.rc Panih nr*ifg rhlnopidlois kio{i and pfdciDdlns in oNn.oisohrlois

h . runc200 r , l \ n reP r i shcoun . i r dec ided

incLL60n inro Pnrbeck Djirid cotrn.iLsrr0li.dion ror hv(LoA in th! Comnurn)

.$ kl,ised on ll " N{arch lool

d!vdopmcnr p annins d locrrrnd regionrl

r hompsor olDoroer conmrnilr crion ro

ird.o.idc

.hantui !ftl1ru pfis ) a{[

wo bullovu lr is

sooc ln Dorodcounly fonncir\ srnrcrtre

a rtunds ual lnsurc rhd s(vlc6 nrt

h! r.ocrr srdcglc Panncrsrrlps comprisiDg

bu5 incs . Yo lunr i r r rnd communiq

r vicl ro sider trs orerisritrg aM tururc

hNotrr $ Nm Pirnh Plrr is.or.erBl.th(dnrc. rhc srccring Croup fcuogri;c5

tl,c co'nmLrn) Stdesy ol llre DfhelStdlsl! rradn$rjp Pu.b!!l lnd rr5d

r \ c { c U r u ' p A ' \ ' c u l

6ch for Dc(. rh oh is bcirs usoi.,rr,

Eronomic stdclr-i rlrc .m.rgin! rcr ofOurmnd i , ,s NdunL BcruLy (AONB)

pralc$os. .id lor fu 10 bo poslblc (lffoljmn!lj!Lc y. rh.n in duc qrAc) b d!Livs

l n r rhc l ' . r i r r o l A .nc in ! , 1 !h the

,.gulrlr- ro r]I P sh coun.ll. Th{!r$u bo a ounhq orn inc nldinss or

rcrn;$ HclLrh, rmcrgcill ss!r!$ rd

L.nuc, villrlc HrLli counrrys c ol,^mcPerr\r un(r our ruluru com,nuDiry

\ehen,equn.d ror sr.ci[. iisucs, d Le.$

rhih woud tr an.lysed pmlession.lly.

ln rhe commurrypLoceses, $hich *. d nLn logcrhor. rh!

I'xs hcci ro cor ro drc Prish tbeyordrr75 ro embk sru

3id) orlo jndn uats(beyord the trorioraL v,luc of $.n

wirl, resped ro ne,shbotruc Parish* etrdN&rlrn Town, wc nored rlrr To\yn rndPa*h rr$s Nctu rnhqnoryd ii r n or

{oukl ii,vire co'nmenr otr sh.red sefltrs$xp|.opiat..nJ lirised the igbnime

',}

informcn ot our

A35l rhc cdlE Phsh isqnhinthe DoserAONB Ftr{hf. 4l% or rhc Paish is

RGdilc run by hgLish NduF. or Ror.lsocLerr- for rhc P.ordrroi oaRnds (RsPB)

(Middhbe't) goremed by trx'ioml s'dFddpdan n rurc conscryd ion dsigDarior s

vc dc.idcd bc.D\c orlhi5 rhar uc troutd

lh.n rLns ro. rhG prcclous rFr.rndagaiDi,dividml ncnb.6 ofrhr srcdlil8 cruup

!oLudrycorriburotrt su.cestiLrxprri.dions wdrcmad! rr itu couni.ysideAgen.y rbrescnrirr fridiig orrh! procs5l I r ,6?5) , d ro

liveio( id cc comruniry rc{dirarior

n iL l i , u ' o epon n? rc l J \ r .rh. Parii, corncilj re Dri'fri'rd lLtrkswirh d,c Dkridl counlitand Dndd kveLse,aice pLovider, aM wnb d,o\cxrcoudy

I ddrtd su^rl Ltu$L u'.'r !

I] \ . ' . l s c a : l ' | ! . i ' 4 4 t r

I

I h i t P l tn r h^ h ra ' :nnn tnu l (b^

. Drt\.t aritt\ .)1 trr h'i'uu4tt!.rr.i Errlit rdu!. th! Ndtuet

r \ t r t | ux | sd | ! 1 .1R | ! n , | r l u | 1 l ',lnttd'r\ (".1 ttr' '\h (et tlri rh 1d

t).,,4'u4t attu rl th! s rrh ttla

it.ilhr rr! Pa^h! u rlrltei

s,n,\.lri,t r.rnL!rs or/\rnr l'|n\h \ rulr , t r r f : r r . 1 i ! l r !

S rd tgLc P r l , r s r i r ( { l h ! ! , 6 u ( t l

HISTORY OF TItT PARISH

n'ci.'si,'s i r.nd d impov(fhmrr

rhfle is a romd briio! on rr! ht Lar ADerh.r \'.s krr Ncd s r BcaqD Hi|

Ro . {as coNrrdcJ i 176r. md 00rh..

Evidem. orpdtr(r.nd kitnr dds tronr

Lh! !axin rdDrisralire rtcr or tsusr(.* rl' thd rc! ol Prrberk bci',g ii rh!Rolybxiiotr Huid(d. sroborough derLvsrior rhe srxor mind ror ! {or! h . tn

3id hordinss of rLr! counr or[1onu. *irrrI Dir *irh fnL uaLrrTcc snr hotdrgs

shuL,i oJ Do,:er. is i.,nc,nbQd on 6.ip

.hmringire. udo tbr.{ llr rhusrxoD

Ba,illr: Ksr': -tsduftrb rhc soit'tnfrhc$cirrhisrory orrhe Nlrnd dIA(c. Thc

bo.otrlh of Nrichrii ldj probrbly rrie'

i 'nPdd.d ffiueDcc\!rur mekross. pmNs add sonc rnb c

ard oxr 8ur rr'dc wr .drively li|lelrrdrk soir eN or sbhdnrLsh unrlt rhe

Thcrc {fle i,nprc!.hciG rn rtr tsil

lakes, but it ws always an cndlc$ sruggle{i!h hcalhr, tu'c and ft.d Efiois rcre

rlr bedhland wnhbunbake oflrcdh soib and chalk froh thcPurbeck Hills, bur 1o Lirllc cff.cr Th.rewcrc 31 smll rnblc fields ar Arne rnd

weie un.ble to produce sufficio.r rood,hen@ lhc inporbiccororhrtenploymcd.

land. Nowadays ihere me a few fams, but30% of rhc Parhh

lrdu*ry plryed ns pirt, too Sallcrnswood, rhe site of nodlcval srhing,s, is iopovc,Sowi Thcrc wa3 pletrty oro in ihe

wis a mediev hne'y in sroboroushTherE h4 ben a longhturoryorertrdinsclay for poncry and.hina clay pipes. with$c rnendani suppoting iMuiies ri6

for $se or rmnspon fron, in rhc 13'ceiury, Rusell Qury, Hydc Quay andMiddLeb* Quy 1b'1m n.w rclics orprnlcfiily. Oie larce pit remriN on ihe Ame

the er, lhm Roman rimcs wirh kilns arRedclifie lnd Sioborotrsh. ro the prcseirdry wirh oren cain.dergnund m es nill beins worked bylmeryMinenls. Tokens of the pls !rc OldKilr Road (Ridse) named aft* rhc kilnsloared there in rhc Thom6 Posdlce'ned

rbri nas buirr in 1903 by Mr Pike of PiksBrothero Clay Mining who pur a nunr ln

T1rc main \volkli thc rm ron 1900 to ihe1950s Ms in the T[oms Fo*ell cemeni

Noien, Pike Brorhois Clry works rtFuncbrook, ftrnins rid local buildeB.

Pikc Brothc^.otrld have developed to ihe

'fhey hrd the rishr type of clay lnddnployed bdck hum* rtofr Butrky Burwith *Bincd rclnions beiween rhem rnd

to Bumley and Pike Brcthcs soti|lcd

rryle clay wo*s a.d nmed Pilc BNs &Fayle company. This {as ldtr raketr ovtr

hy Icc LLnitd. rl,icLr was sold b li!r)

Pik! bnth.6 *eie ver Jos..d th;kins ii

rvorks Thcy buill lhtn otrtr rxil{ry ro! r i spo , r d f y hconrinucd ro u\d hvo ho'rs pLLlir! ftc

ODr. mitd Thc

llH 5rlcd t, Bdgnm, ro olloi(l |L!Rive from becrN iri irnponrd llcnrdcr d,anfel Jor rh!

(o$oud rhc rLry ido lir!tr vr$cs rruL

satrdbrf r PooLe Hdhour brro n \Y

mtr ,rl,0 pllx{rc flru DooRd .lor{ rho

fouL das$ooms hf rr5 child.dr

h rhdu l920 rlic tili Sroboruu!h villrg!frul. r li 'nbs bor. Ms bfuushl ii toi'

\' 's usld nr so.nl cven$ rnd prrd,!!orcii,ig: ro'sr JohD\ I'nbuLuc! srouos.bd n $$ dosd rtun Anil 1o AtrsN rs

Aflr villrgc b! oig.d to sli.ticsrrnryr\bbq Juriis Rtrhxrd llr r.lgn . trstu{ dodsrrEd I llr5. bnr sL Nir nxschtrrh ly.s bui t

I $cl rr! \.riool btrLLr by Lord !l(kD ol

drar\york.s.in r14L

ms Pansh cxt.ds mund w!rchafr Towi

gmvd rnd oil is extrcted. The onlinalworsret villase, ori!inally kio*i asw|r!are, had a ro*rvon scnins thc locrl

all conmunity evenb, buili in ahout l93lby Dr Lis, who livcd and p$clic.d in

buih Likc a churh lnd *hrcd unrlL ftc1960s. In irs heyday ir prcvided r yourh

di,b and rable tnnis were popular and rhch! Ms Lor fo. pdj.s rid w.ddiiss

world w ll, for example, Rilh AncHcath aoring a, r dccoy ror rhe Royal

Today ihe pidure has chlngcd i gmr dcalR4ldcnr comh(c ro wereha'n, Poole,Bourncmouth, Swamgc $d rDnher rfield

scond hoNs! rhe original indu$ries ofC'nning and building ato huch 6du.cdirhe.Lay indunry .ontinnes but Nes roed

develop. The Pansh Plm s$ks to fulli Lthosc a! mions by.hatrinc.hrices rhrr

t'

Ds l r r r : i . r r hd ' r t q l ] ' d i \ n \ c

i"e!d'5"\L

r,ri.,

TUE SURIDY RESULIS

*anred.ind i You(1, Evenl on he..BrikHol ay MonJay ror thc srnc purtose

we rhetr c,LctrLared a inll List ofadions ro:ll hoNeholds Nkins lor thcm 10 bc rL{cdin ordcr or i,npo{ri.c. rcsuhi"! i" d'e

,i {4.{r.!t*i$r'J

Brieny, rc conducrcd ! houscrod surcythd was aiilyRd by rhc Mriker Research

result vfle dxcu$ed ritl the Stcrinscroup, ud wg askql for runhe br y\k ii

we w{e .hen rble to n.rivc ! nuhbs ofporeniialadions rtuh rhc $slyss reroir,

The Ame Fa.isb S traey wis londudeddu'ins rhc Aulumi of 2002 Tl'c

apprcrinftdy h!lf or thc hotrrh.ldsin Anc Pffi\h 'fhere werc seve,al

[nr orddir jn ^mc hrs r trr),s

rr.xrlr xrd soi p,.r. rrl tr bu(ni,rs

, oo : l f s r f d L np ro r . d . r I I i .

r hc Pd i c o r ! !Po , cd5A i rd i cdcd

ra ' , i ! l \ ( Lho r i ! \ \ o f yh0n w r !

ror5lrg). Th{c \yr I sood gcrdcrhu r ! o ! ! r n Lh ! dn r t 4e , , r , D i ! . 5 r r i

r r ! u i n .R r i ns f uL ,n b i u ) , o I 0 r .

coDsultlon v,silo,s JroD rlL ovd' h ! r Ld l omc ro o r j o ) r l r e

' hi\ mc! s inrDfdrncc i! I rLsrd.d b)d'. r'Lgl' ridrro,rdi dfr$o o (r3 6t)

l1 t : � nr! l

!ri'r,s opDonnrilcs ro nL n! D!)rl!

rl \!to rm$ Go! Ll,c P dni 'sr n i r r ) ov r o r i dd r r l r L ' s b !0 r )

"Mn qlqede hoBi" to

qphni.lJo. nqrututtr8

g iec i r ou sn r sn l L l : c r . i f t nn r )

*ho \ sh t , on r I r ! ! . ( r r ! r r s ! y

dh{ndd \!dd6) Th. 0,o\i{of of

(Nr!n \o* {trldr A trc 10cd'rrs

rnP oyrd | \rfth or P(hrdi

r t i l i r t s co r r r l r rL rcd | ' hc l r

mur s l ck a bx a . co bc i { ce lcoL$vtrrs Lh! kDdsclpd aLf thr

rrJo,d.rrr! housi|! ror I-Dng r!opt.

"..$$1*,r"#*

EM]E"auqelonlgh]1.!n4lE 2 Eranhllc ehNttuan nrn.hiti.s,EM3 E"tuuns! xnalt-tnte

'd t.. thq ta. tord,8

rroher hilc ntrrc.s.d by 97% .s

Arloanr 451n of'*rondcrs icLr rlrr

rl,d rfty wsc k,o crpc$n! anlI l l n a ! L l l r roo mr i rh i ( l bcobr l r

rhc ^o \B !nd co rs . ' v , r i on

Eolcv(, 7 _'i ro! d ror LrNc unyob t rd ron 1o in r l l ( r . r ho 'ns )

Dd i . ed r r co i t o f . r f0 r t , t cDaat r nan kut ])anbvtEn.rrhE. Crer ant t !h'!t

accommonarionfrcfrbcn and hom* ror youns people.Th*e rnLes rie rgniu.aDt for a snallcommuniq like mc, highlightins rh.prucity of thr typc of ,c..nmodationnedcd sfrallhouses, bungalo$ and

onr orrhe ca sh did so bec.usc thcycould not find ailordablc housiig,3id43.6% of hou*holds with 'ne'nben

faNly membeB *otrld movr balk lrhotrsing qcr! avliLrbl.. Amlys srcv!a cd thh * rd o.soiic siturrioi.

Ms illu$raicd by 6l% orindlvidurls

licomc bclor f15.000 Affordable

bonEs .s a probhh. rs rh.y do trot

coNidering decreroins rhc st orElief

which may jfrtrovc rhe sihrtion

tu Nvey, dDtreh, *as rbd affordrblchouses shouli he avlilablr ror lo.rlhmiliss and thcy

..$ff4Sfd-"/:trr

E] EaauaE .llotdabk towins'rD Btia o'u sn'tuanir! unrrE3 No nore latsHaL husinE

probr.D rmrnLg m rrrnr{. oDedrird

rl4lic t@t6t d Pr@tuw

h'11tth4 r" IqlPqhs - bt dtu

st d! kcpr r Lru dr) tuftrc rhv

r r i ! 1 , ,L i \ r . t r i \ [ r ] on t r t r l r [ Lb l i c

"E\4! tr.e b 1tu4t4

li,ffi',\

rlIr

tt D.t \ ih t, llli. 'r.!.t in t u ntnr grid Lnn.tnt.tr+P|d2|d'flatelovrye|h!

Ri,tczchsh ^lurddtiat

H5 Nnsia Lut Ji'. oLlt' ptnt!.

.' .,". a ..,... ",. 1

"Pdia da n 4Nd jrr it irtt b.

1!'!r../ n(! !r.,dr.r u1r rtrrLn.d

,.-"i'

t-

sarisLdory, diough lhey could bc

Tbe nnin urilities (trai.r. g!5,elcdricilr, rcrus! .olhdion) wfte

.$li;.{.rsgg.YNo* rh! dog byllar$ e.r ii pLrce

bins *as highligl,&d,Ind thd n 5hould

I t,d.

[.t :f ,l : ,

'jro'*r"Fr'l l'f"ji''

\^att h taubt. rt 4"rt!

, -:ll :

- F r l :

{j I ulj,r(i lnr cnoso,.y us! b,!iNi;.tr,J lr i):! trq,r( ikconc rtrL

s3 sa rdt ztdti.n.f LMI

Anri,orii l.rr onc d,i of ro's.hotd

H t)tpthe harwt It.hin?td,erdits alll rhaol .hbr

crlLdror LDitr Ii!.. {gssritrg i icrJTr,. suryly jndrldld | tr c ntrge of

Ntu{ r!&crils vr rh. Jid rllir ?0i;ofispo L.r\ Brjlni rr rtrschool

,onb 1!.d ra. b dee4 r@ b6. nort hvdw4 r4 sh@t tdt

inl.rej. *iih raNpon dirfid rcs mrl

i3

&{::r${;f","iif

aor 26 60 r$hr r23ti 166t! !,tL

"to natb, otqcihe lu

wr qh! tidtld qie4 4rt

rirrour ral 351i vrr n,, ooi,in

Es Entuutus. ne|| ntkt^t tluhl

E6 rbtisiot of{eiat lacititi4\ turtle arta r5t qtt! Puir.

E7 Provnba.tlnflib :o|iat

.lr h ofrc\ru\luns illdi.dBtrt rlr.ywould lkc rlic lLllilcs ottr.J hy rrrc

shlMollh Mcrdotr hi I s'.ddr

401d,a rwttu Mt'd M

Ttrri, nlnc rr lur (2t,fn) da

inlq$lcd Lr.k d i,rbnndod rbqr\yhrl {Ls of oiii ' ltr. ' ' l} ur lrck o.d%'.rs\ of l icitiries (r5r';) v.icgn.,61ri. orir(iD difti.utrtcs rbrsriii,,gr.css ro 1[ vittiec Iir 6r%

tr] In on'ntinn hr&t,ot ritta{.

deartn res md iDcresed beithlnalIhc sarm marorial 5y{cm or land

improve rhc heirhhnd h.d li LeerlccrApan from radirlonlL u5!s ror rud.

inouding 5! tjns5, a unndry and cLly

qurten oa rbe P. b rnn dtacr

R.du.lig oollurioi vi\ (.oginld s

ficld' should b. Frolcdcd ,159'o !rl.d

\yiLd flo{s$. bi s rnd antn t5 vca

The lesrcy ofrllrht ir a r.rish rbd isbloLogl.r Ly on. ortbr i.h$(,id no{

Englhb r*dure (employi'rg ra peopLe).Aid thc RSPB nan!8ds rh. AD.Reserve (en r loy ing 7 smr r )

r6ponsiblc forrh! rivc. and nood;g

"Lab atwe, @tub 4,c

rird ri\i{.d Lulr r!!nr . Doon.nd

e rc , { f tD .o t r d t r n r ( r r yq \ l \ r

EN2 sur.! da(atkitid of

ttlt sunoal.r turswrioh ahrt

t-l P.o^iu at rcrs lian sonthan4! ir thc b!r6: atutE tlt

';j'|r'J ":..""

Anard 60ri, rdqL oqu \. bfrL tfr

orDrr.Dlcd dilri.ulcs of r lcrmlirufd \iLh i,oLrih\ 6( rry rnrnd

rh. cotrrtr,lsdc innc rkdivo tu r!D.jorrr oI rcipordcns trr\ 1r'l

e.dh. edtiE,,N. |.v

IlLlrouglr rlic itryc) \yr d$i!D ro

!( r'c lclr ii impoturroon!{u rhsm

htu,t, L4 EN, rct qd ut

4 t tu1 r tuoE ds t tudEh

$c hdd . p.irri,,g !o pd rlof nskihortur Sdrx, Chid,cD ucrr

n Reteotiomt frcititi.\ cr.:

connntit! tarrts lieu, with

Iu bdbt i., Nhd ttttrtg;

I h ( . ] n . I 4 I | 1 | h | o )pnk& !ur?r\ rklttr.ft tt tu, \\ tian

!]!.rthdhi ofr{lt\

tft tnp)Mtr4t ht krfin! t uhtr

thl'uh th lhr': let ttt\ r!.n i!

lrl i hin Drd.ir! nnLr.l 1I rr$

a:on).it.\ utt th hnrat ?u't,\tti

ho.8aryPov anuw dv^ds6hi,tdti,N@6tu.

Ei":::':.:':- '," "'"' '*L3 ttr,r,rt utmt l^tb.retdL

SUIIMAR'I' OF COALS,

ines orobjrctivs, rhe pre$^rtioi orrhe

In !ho r t , sc $ {n r ro mo\c r i t rd hn iuu i ros inA \ iAh Dr i he p* r .

THE,T( I I I JN PLA\

Th. rln rc ln rh. rrcr'iuLjlr ol (houscrioLd\ h indi.d. rtu o't- o i

licr [b]),. dnr $Ldr e tmprecr!

|r rer,h do.\.lluLirr. roudc !

rc necd\ orrrLc Prnh 'n.d 1 r1 ,mnr ordic rdtons {i| be

. Thn,ss tr.. Lnouslr ADe pr hcoun.il,cardotuounelle.cs ndpdhDrpsi

a sdvilc dclive.y asu\ rhtr krvi.c provnhc car h.tp wilh. e.g. kelb\nt!rccyd,na no6ilc $rcenitrg !,ns. h od8 \rc sj dnngs drxr pu.bsck Disrtrrcoomrroflr,c prbsck pdrnriio lai lretpvnh

a skrldsci$u6dn risru iarlr.otrsqucnccs, eg aff.rit$ e nouu!. aquudswyiccs ro racrLe.m* curils isstr.s sucr b socirt dcprjvrrior and rchint,!)otrrsrlr ! lD orhflwords. rhirls rhd ptrdco( Dhficr or prthlBhip *Lll rcrcr

. nd soinclb! trllberweetr rh.s!

ntub s b! rlt t,rish couuL rrc urr.o ofrrm ! r i r S r ! r i | g c ro f r , f r h ! 5k tL l s * r r h . i ! h j , i (

t n ] n g | } i i l l j c L i s t L h d l o l L o l c L . d y .

rhal prces!.or by a nev sNup. The fiBt R*is Sesion snould be in l3 nonrhs tine.rldg the iollowing suggeded lind:

LIS ' I OFOAJECTI \ ES

bc imptncnr.d or rchidibk in rl,c

t r u t - \ t \ r t , t rn tha l!!, \,.hitl. . ntnin

r 4 , ! r r , . t ; t 1 t ' t h t t ' u t r JBr t l , l a r l ru l r t i n I unL .

DatIitt),(tli.:ped nr nnn dr^ pk,./k Dcc/APc

r (anilltNttttukLdn.d"l

Jat pk\t.I ddnt?t :p!!-15 t)Lreak hx::ttti llrt \drsnq o thd I).cu)c

t \ r h t . r I . t t t n a t , r t [ r

Protid? ito,eren(lnr bt6 \rh 1001^t,\.

slnM rtq|q' ofti'dt ph.tu hra dh.] rar

:t 'o|:un^! baryh t', 'hiareD dld'trE dla

h!,istan ofe,bt t!!LL^ lr k. bnk, , t\ i]

P rairan a I la ntl' sa! cl p I h-t t\ l

htn' nhan tord lat httrpe ErLta.u* | \ r[hI+.Ittt\ un r'!4E'!!

Hedpe nappinp dnd natopenen' in the Pqtillt

\uppad [r114.\dt n nr !"unrl

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