Parietal lobe examinationSeyed Kazem Malakouti

Iran University of Medical Sciences

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Localizing neuropsychiatric findingsparietal

History Mental status Sensorimotor

bullSpatial disorientation

bullInconvenient view test

bullButters test

bullBenton test (spatial

memory)

bullLocalizing things (where)

bullDyslexia

bullVisual amp touching disharmony

bullhemiagnosia

bullAnosognosia (rt)

bullAutotopagnosia (lt)

bullSimultaneous extinction (rt)

bullAsteregnosia

bullApraxia dressing

bullRt amp lt disorientation (lt)

bullAcalculia (lt)

bullAgraphestesia

bullAgraphia (lt)

bullConstructional apraxia (rt)

bullPainting problem

bullGeographic orientation

bullInferior quadrantanopia

bullOcular apraxia

bullOptic ataxia

bullSensory deficit (opposite)

bullTwo points discrimination

bullInterlocking finger test

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Butters test

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Benton test

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

OPHTHALMIC MANIFESTATIONS OF BILATERAL NON-OCCIPITAL CEREBRAL LESIONSCOGAN DGBr J Ophthalmol 1965 Jun 49()281-97

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Dyslexia inferior parietal lobeFabio Richlan Front Hum Neurosci 2014

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Localizing neuropsychiatric findingsparietal

History Mental status Sensorimotor

bullSpatial disorientation

bullInconvenient view test

bullButters test

bullBenton test (spatial

memory)

bullLocalizing things (where)

bullDyslexia

bullVisual amp touching disharmony

bullhemiagnosia

bullAnosognosia (rt)

bullAutotopagnosia (lt)

bullSimultaneous extinction (rt)

bullAsteregnosia

bullApraxia dressing

bullRt amp lt disorientation (lt)

bullAcalculia (lt)

bullAgraphestesia

bullAgraphia (lt)

bullConstructional apraxia (rt)

bullPainting problem

bullGeographic orientation

bullInferior quadrantanopia

bullOcular apraxia

bullOptic ataxia

bullSensory deficit (opposite)

bullTwo points discrimination

bullInterlocking finger test

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Butters test

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Benton test

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

OPHTHALMIC MANIFESTATIONS OF BILATERAL NON-OCCIPITAL CEREBRAL LESIONSCOGAN DGBr J Ophthalmol 1965 Jun 49()281-97

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Dyslexia inferior parietal lobeFabio Richlan Front Hum Neurosci 2014

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Butters test

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Benton test

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

OPHTHALMIC MANIFESTATIONS OF BILATERAL NON-OCCIPITAL CEREBRAL LESIONSCOGAN DGBr J Ophthalmol 1965 Jun 49()281-97

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Dyslexia inferior parietal lobeFabio Richlan Front Hum Neurosci 2014

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Benton test

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

OPHTHALMIC MANIFESTATIONS OF BILATERAL NON-OCCIPITAL CEREBRAL LESIONSCOGAN DGBr J Ophthalmol 1965 Jun 49()281-97

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Dyslexia inferior parietal lobeFabio Richlan Front Hum Neurosci 2014

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

OPHTHALMIC MANIFESTATIONS OF BILATERAL NON-OCCIPITAL CEREBRAL LESIONSCOGAN DGBr J Ophthalmol 1965 Jun 49()281-97

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Dyslexia inferior parietal lobeFabio Richlan Front Hum Neurosci 2014

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

OPHTHALMIC MANIFESTATIONS OF BILATERAL NON-OCCIPITAL CEREBRAL LESIONSCOGAN DGBr J Ophthalmol 1965 Jun 49()281-97

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Dyslexia inferior parietal lobeFabio Richlan Front Hum Neurosci 2014

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Dyslexia inferior parietal lobeFabio Richlan Front Hum Neurosci 2014

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Mooney closure faces test

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Mooney face test

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Localizing neuropsychiatric findingsparietal

History Mental status Sensorimotor

bullSpatial disorientation

bullInconvenient view test

bullButters test

bullBenton test (spatial

memory)

bullLocalizing things (where)

bullDyslexia

bullVisual amp touching disharmony

bullhemiagnosia

bullAnosognosia (rt)

bullAutotopagnosia (lt)

bullSimultaneous extinction (rt)

bullApraxia dressing

bullAsteregnosia

bullRt amp lt disorientation (lt)

bullAcalculia (lt)

bullAgraphestesia

bullAgraphia (lt)

bullConstructional apraxia (rt)

bullPainting problem

bullInferior quadrantanopia

bullOcular apraxia

bullOptic ataxia

bullSensory deficit (opposite)

bullInterlocking finger test

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

simultagnosia Balintrsquos syndrome

bull boston diagnostic aphasia examination

bull cookie theft

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

simultagnosia

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

agraphia

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

apraxia

bull Ideomotor apraxia (what to do)bull Buccofacial apraxia (blowing a match)

bull Limb apraxia (flip a coin comb hair)

bull Whole body apraxia (stand like boxer)

bull Ideational apraxia (what to do)bull Light the candle with matchbox

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

hemiagnosia

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Autotopagnosia somatopagnosia

Verbal Command Point to Examiner

Examiner names a body part and subjects are instructed to point to that named part on the examiner

Visual Cue Point to SelfExaminer points to body parts on himself and subjects are required to point to the homologous part on themselves

Visual Cue Point to Examiner

Examiner points to a body part on the subjects and they are required to point to the homologous part on the examiner

Blindfold Post-Visual Cue Point to Self

Same as Study 1c except subjects are blindfolded after examiner points to himself prior to response execution[11]

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Mooney face test

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Localizing neuropsychiatric findingsparietal

History Mental status Sensorimotor

bullSpatial disorientation

bullInconvenient view test

bullButters test

bullBenton test (spatial

memory)

bullLocalizing things (where)

bullDyslexia

bullVisual amp touching disharmony

bullhemiagnosia

bullAnosognosia (rt)

bullAutotopagnosia (lt)

bullSimultaneous extinction (rt)

bullApraxia dressing

bullAsteregnosia

bullRt amp lt disorientation (lt)

bullAcalculia (lt)

bullAgraphestesia

bullAgraphia (lt)

bullConstructional apraxia (rt)

bullPainting problem

bullInferior quadrantanopia

bullOcular apraxia

bullOptic ataxia

bullSensory deficit (opposite)

bullInterlocking finger test

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

simultagnosia Balintrsquos syndrome

bull boston diagnostic aphasia examination

bull cookie theft

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

simultagnosia

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

agraphia

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

apraxia

bull Ideomotor apraxia (what to do)bull Buccofacial apraxia (blowing a match)

bull Limb apraxia (flip a coin comb hair)

bull Whole body apraxia (stand like boxer)

bull Ideational apraxia (what to do)bull Light the candle with matchbox

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

hemiagnosia

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Autotopagnosia somatopagnosia

Verbal Command Point to Examiner

Examiner names a body part and subjects are instructed to point to that named part on the examiner

Visual Cue Point to SelfExaminer points to body parts on himself and subjects are required to point to the homologous part on themselves

Visual Cue Point to Examiner

Examiner points to a body part on the subjects and they are required to point to the homologous part on the examiner

Blindfold Post-Visual Cue Point to Self

Same as Study 1c except subjects are blindfolded after examiner points to himself prior to response execution[11]

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Localizing neuropsychiatric findingsparietal

History Mental status Sensorimotor

bullSpatial disorientation

bullInconvenient view test

bullButters test

bullBenton test (spatial

memory)

bullLocalizing things (where)

bullDyslexia

bullVisual amp touching disharmony

bullhemiagnosia

bullAnosognosia (rt)

bullAutotopagnosia (lt)

bullSimultaneous extinction (rt)

bullApraxia dressing

bullAsteregnosia

bullRt amp lt disorientation (lt)

bullAcalculia (lt)

bullAgraphestesia

bullAgraphia (lt)

bullConstructional apraxia (rt)

bullPainting problem

bullInferior quadrantanopia

bullOcular apraxia

bullOptic ataxia

bullSensory deficit (opposite)

bullInterlocking finger test

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

simultagnosia Balintrsquos syndrome

bull boston diagnostic aphasia examination

bull cookie theft

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

simultagnosia

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

agraphia

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

apraxia

bull Ideomotor apraxia (what to do)bull Buccofacial apraxia (blowing a match)

bull Limb apraxia (flip a coin comb hair)

bull Whole body apraxia (stand like boxer)

bull Ideational apraxia (what to do)bull Light the candle with matchbox

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

hemiagnosia

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Autotopagnosia somatopagnosia

Verbal Command Point to Examiner

Examiner names a body part and subjects are instructed to point to that named part on the examiner

Visual Cue Point to SelfExaminer points to body parts on himself and subjects are required to point to the homologous part on themselves

Visual Cue Point to Examiner

Examiner points to a body part on the subjects and they are required to point to the homologous part on the examiner

Blindfold Post-Visual Cue Point to Self

Same as Study 1c except subjects are blindfolded after examiner points to himself prior to response execution[11]

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

simultagnosia Balintrsquos syndrome

bull boston diagnostic aphasia examination

bull cookie theft

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

simultagnosia

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

agraphia

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

apraxia

bull Ideomotor apraxia (what to do)bull Buccofacial apraxia (blowing a match)

bull Limb apraxia (flip a coin comb hair)

bull Whole body apraxia (stand like boxer)

bull Ideational apraxia (what to do)bull Light the candle with matchbox

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

hemiagnosia

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Autotopagnosia somatopagnosia

Verbal Command Point to Examiner

Examiner names a body part and subjects are instructed to point to that named part on the examiner

Visual Cue Point to SelfExaminer points to body parts on himself and subjects are required to point to the homologous part on themselves

Visual Cue Point to Examiner

Examiner points to a body part on the subjects and they are required to point to the homologous part on the examiner

Blindfold Post-Visual Cue Point to Self

Same as Study 1c except subjects are blindfolded after examiner points to himself prior to response execution[11]

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

simultagnosia

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

agraphia

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

apraxia

bull Ideomotor apraxia (what to do)bull Buccofacial apraxia (blowing a match)

bull Limb apraxia (flip a coin comb hair)

bull Whole body apraxia (stand like boxer)

bull Ideational apraxia (what to do)bull Light the candle with matchbox

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

hemiagnosia

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Autotopagnosia somatopagnosia

Verbal Command Point to Examiner

Examiner names a body part and subjects are instructed to point to that named part on the examiner

Visual Cue Point to SelfExaminer points to body parts on himself and subjects are required to point to the homologous part on themselves

Visual Cue Point to Examiner

Examiner points to a body part on the subjects and they are required to point to the homologous part on the examiner

Blindfold Post-Visual Cue Point to Self

Same as Study 1c except subjects are blindfolded after examiner points to himself prior to response execution[11]

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

agraphia

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

apraxia

bull Ideomotor apraxia (what to do)bull Buccofacial apraxia (blowing a match)

bull Limb apraxia (flip a coin comb hair)

bull Whole body apraxia (stand like boxer)

bull Ideational apraxia (what to do)bull Light the candle with matchbox

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

hemiagnosia

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Autotopagnosia somatopagnosia

Verbal Command Point to Examiner

Examiner names a body part and subjects are instructed to point to that named part on the examiner

Visual Cue Point to SelfExaminer points to body parts on himself and subjects are required to point to the homologous part on themselves

Visual Cue Point to Examiner

Examiner points to a body part on the subjects and they are required to point to the homologous part on the examiner

Blindfold Post-Visual Cue Point to Self

Same as Study 1c except subjects are blindfolded after examiner points to himself prior to response execution[11]

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

apraxia

bull Ideomotor apraxia (what to do)bull Buccofacial apraxia (blowing a match)

bull Limb apraxia (flip a coin comb hair)

bull Whole body apraxia (stand like boxer)

bull Ideational apraxia (what to do)bull Light the candle with matchbox

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

hemiagnosia

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Autotopagnosia somatopagnosia

Verbal Command Point to Examiner

Examiner names a body part and subjects are instructed to point to that named part on the examiner

Visual Cue Point to SelfExaminer points to body parts on himself and subjects are required to point to the homologous part on themselves

Visual Cue Point to Examiner

Examiner points to a body part on the subjects and they are required to point to the homologous part on the examiner

Blindfold Post-Visual Cue Point to Self

Same as Study 1c except subjects are blindfolded after examiner points to himself prior to response execution[11]

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

hemiagnosia

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Autotopagnosia somatopagnosia

Verbal Command Point to Examiner

Examiner names a body part and subjects are instructed to point to that named part on the examiner

Visual Cue Point to SelfExaminer points to body parts on himself and subjects are required to point to the homologous part on themselves

Visual Cue Point to Examiner

Examiner points to a body part on the subjects and they are required to point to the homologous part on the examiner

Blindfold Post-Visual Cue Point to Self

Same as Study 1c except subjects are blindfolded after examiner points to himself prior to response execution[11]

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Autotopagnosia somatopagnosia

Verbal Command Point to Examiner

Examiner names a body part and subjects are instructed to point to that named part on the examiner

Visual Cue Point to SelfExaminer points to body parts on himself and subjects are required to point to the homologous part on themselves

Visual Cue Point to Examiner

Examiner points to a body part on the subjects and they are required to point to the homologous part on the examiner

Blindfold Post-Visual Cue Point to Self

Same as Study 1c except subjects are blindfolded after examiner points to himself prior to response execution[11]

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Optic ataxia

bull Inability to reach under visual guidance

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Optic apraxia

bull Inability to focus the eyes on target in the visual field

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Inferior quadrantanopia

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Localizing neuropsychiatric findingsparietal

History Mental status Sensorimotor

bullSpatial disorientation

bullInconvenient view test

bullButters test

bullBenton test (spatial

memory)

bullLocalizing things (where)

bullDyslexia

bullVisual amp touching disharmony

bullhemiagnosia

bullAnosognosia (rt)

bullAutotopagnosia (lt)

bullSimultaneous extinction (rt)

bullAsteregnosia

bullRt amp lt disorientation (lt)

bullAcalculia (lt)

bullAgraphestesia

bullAgraphia (lt)

bullApraxia dressing

bullConstructional apraxia (rt)

bullPainting problem

bullGeographic orientation

bullInferior quadrantanopia

bullOcular apraxia

bullOptic ataxia

bullSensory deficit (opposite)

bullTwo points discrimination

bullInterlocking finger test

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

bull The nondominant inferior parietal lobule is probably a major ldquostore houserdquo of artistic creativity

bull conceptualization is conceived in the VMPFL and the executive part is operated through the DLFPL

bull The conceptualization at VMPFL is influenced by activity from the anterior temporal lobe through the uncinate fasciculus and limbic system pathways

bull The latter transfers the concept to the visual brain through the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) relaying on its path to the parietal cortex

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Ventromedial and dorsolateral of FC

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Painting problemAmbar Chakravarty Ann Indian AcadNeurol 2012

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Optic apraxia

bull Inability to focus the eyes on target in the visual field

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Inferior quadrantanopia

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Localizing neuropsychiatric findingsparietal

History Mental status Sensorimotor

bullSpatial disorientation

bullInconvenient view test

bullButters test

bullBenton test (spatial

memory)

bullLocalizing things (where)

bullDyslexia

bullVisual amp touching disharmony

bullhemiagnosia

bullAnosognosia (rt)

bullAutotopagnosia (lt)

bullSimultaneous extinction (rt)

bullAsteregnosia

bullRt amp lt disorientation (lt)

bullAcalculia (lt)

bullAgraphestesia

bullAgraphia (lt)

bullApraxia dressing

bullConstructional apraxia (rt)

bullPainting problem

bullGeographic orientation

bullInferior quadrantanopia

bullOcular apraxia

bullOptic ataxia

bullSensory deficit (opposite)

bullTwo points discrimination

bullInterlocking finger test

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

bull The nondominant inferior parietal lobule is probably a major ldquostore houserdquo of artistic creativity

bull conceptualization is conceived in the VMPFL and the executive part is operated through the DLFPL

bull The conceptualization at VMPFL is influenced by activity from the anterior temporal lobe through the uncinate fasciculus and limbic system pathways

bull The latter transfers the concept to the visual brain through the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) relaying on its path to the parietal cortex

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Ventromedial and dorsolateral of FC

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Painting problemAmbar Chakravarty Ann Indian AcadNeurol 2012

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Inferior quadrantanopia

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Localizing neuropsychiatric findingsparietal

History Mental status Sensorimotor

bullSpatial disorientation

bullInconvenient view test

bullButters test

bullBenton test (spatial

memory)

bullLocalizing things (where)

bullDyslexia

bullVisual amp touching disharmony

bullhemiagnosia

bullAnosognosia (rt)

bullAutotopagnosia (lt)

bullSimultaneous extinction (rt)

bullAsteregnosia

bullRt amp lt disorientation (lt)

bullAcalculia (lt)

bullAgraphestesia

bullAgraphia (lt)

bullApraxia dressing

bullConstructional apraxia (rt)

bullPainting problem

bullGeographic orientation

bullInferior quadrantanopia

bullOcular apraxia

bullOptic ataxia

bullSensory deficit (opposite)

bullTwo points discrimination

bullInterlocking finger test

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

bull The nondominant inferior parietal lobule is probably a major ldquostore houserdquo of artistic creativity

bull conceptualization is conceived in the VMPFL and the executive part is operated through the DLFPL

bull The conceptualization at VMPFL is influenced by activity from the anterior temporal lobe through the uncinate fasciculus and limbic system pathways

bull The latter transfers the concept to the visual brain through the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) relaying on its path to the parietal cortex

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Ventromedial and dorsolateral of FC

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Painting problemAmbar Chakravarty Ann Indian AcadNeurol 2012

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Localizing neuropsychiatric findingsparietal

History Mental status Sensorimotor

bullSpatial disorientation

bullInconvenient view test

bullButters test

bullBenton test (spatial

memory)

bullLocalizing things (where)

bullDyslexia

bullVisual amp touching disharmony

bullhemiagnosia

bullAnosognosia (rt)

bullAutotopagnosia (lt)

bullSimultaneous extinction (rt)

bullAsteregnosia

bullRt amp lt disorientation (lt)

bullAcalculia (lt)

bullAgraphestesia

bullAgraphia (lt)

bullApraxia dressing

bullConstructional apraxia (rt)

bullPainting problem

bullGeographic orientation

bullInferior quadrantanopia

bullOcular apraxia

bullOptic ataxia

bullSensory deficit (opposite)

bullTwo points discrimination

bullInterlocking finger test

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

bull The nondominant inferior parietal lobule is probably a major ldquostore houserdquo of artistic creativity

bull conceptualization is conceived in the VMPFL and the executive part is operated through the DLFPL

bull The conceptualization at VMPFL is influenced by activity from the anterior temporal lobe through the uncinate fasciculus and limbic system pathways

bull The latter transfers the concept to the visual brain through the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) relaying on its path to the parietal cortex

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Ventromedial and dorsolateral of FC

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Painting problemAmbar Chakravarty Ann Indian AcadNeurol 2012

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

bull The nondominant inferior parietal lobule is probably a major ldquostore houserdquo of artistic creativity

bull conceptualization is conceived in the VMPFL and the executive part is operated through the DLFPL

bull The conceptualization at VMPFL is influenced by activity from the anterior temporal lobe through the uncinate fasciculus and limbic system pathways

bull The latter transfers the concept to the visual brain through the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) relaying on its path to the parietal cortex

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Ventromedial and dorsolateral of FC

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Painting problemAmbar Chakravarty Ann Indian AcadNeurol 2012

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Ventromedial and dorsolateral of FC

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Painting problemAmbar Chakravarty Ann Indian AcadNeurol 2012

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Painting problemAmbar Chakravarty Ann Indian AcadNeurol 2012

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Interlocking finger testL R Moo J Neural Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Geographic orientation

bullBecome lost

bullOrienting to a new environment

bullLocate cities in map

bullPtrsquos capacity to fine his bed

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Interlocking finger testL R Moo J Neural Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Geographic orientation

bullBecome lost

bullOrienting to a new environment

bullLocate cities in map

bullPtrsquos capacity to fine his bed

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences

Geographic orientation

bullBecome lost

bullOrienting to a new environment

bullLocate cities in map

bullPtrsquos capacity to fine his bed

malakout SK MD Iran University of Medical Sciences