parallel systems introductionparallel.vub.ac.be/education/java/theorie/java hoc 1...parallel...
TRANSCRIPT
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Parallel Systems: Introduction
Informatica
les 1
Java versus Python
Jan Lemeire
Informatica 2e semester
februari – mei 2017
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Parallel Systems: Introduction
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Parallel Systems: Introduction
Gravitational waves are extremely weak
ripples of
speed of light. They were first detected on
September 14, 2015 by Advanced LIGO
(the Laser
wave Observatory).The origin of these
gravitational waves has been attributed to
the merger of two black holes, more than
1.3 billion years ago, with masses around
29 and 36 solar masses. This resulted in
the formation of a single more massive
black hole. About 3 solar masses were
converted into gravitational waves in the
last fraction of the second of the merger
which was then detected by LIGO. This is
also the first time that the collision of two
black holes has been observed.
September 14, 2015
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In faze
In tegenfaze
Superpositie van signalen
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Jan Lemeire 9Pag. / 499
GPU vs CPU Peak Performance Trends
GPU peak performance has grown aggressively.
Hardware has kept up with Moore’s law
Source : NVIDIA
2010350 Million triangles/second3 Billion transistors GPU
19955.000 triangles/second800.000 transistors GPU
201614.000 Million triangles/second15 Billion transistors GPU
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Jan Lemeire 10Pag. / 49Informatica II: les 4
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Jan Lemeire 11Pag. / 49Informatica II: les 4
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The third pillar
of the scientific world:
computational science
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Jan Lemeire 13Pag. / 4916/02/2017
13
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Informatica = tool
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Jan Lemeire 15Pag. / 49
Jan Lemeire ([email protected])
Burgerlijk ingenieur, 1994, VUB
+ bijkomende masters in de computerwetenschappen (1995)
Werkte 4 jaar in de privé, voor 2 IT-consultancybedrijven
2000-2007: doctoreerde aan de VUB als assistent
Gaf oefeningen informatica
Sinds 2008: professor aan VUB
Vak ‘parallel systems’ in de masters
Sinds 2011: titularis ‘Informatica’ eerste bachelors
Sinds oktober 2013: geeft ook les aan industrieel ingenieurs
Bachelors: Informatica en Basiselektronica
Masters: Computerarchitectuur
Onderzoeksdomeinen: parallel & GPU computing & data mining/machine learning/probabilistische modellen
http://parallel.vub.ac.be
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+ Eerste semester
Variabelen
Gebruiken van lijsten
Maken van een while-lus
Maken van een eigen functie
Recursie
Maken van een for-lus
Algoritmes
Python: procedureel programmeren
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Zonder voorkennis
Evaluatie Informatica IR
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Beheers het gebruik van bibliotheken:• Programmeervaardigheden• Klassestructuur• Voorbeelden• Documentatie
Basis-programmeervaardigheden
While – forLijsten/arrays
FunctiesRecursie
Java & Object-georiënteerdprogrammeren
RegelsOrganisatie van de code
Gebruik klasses
AlgoritmenBasisalgoritmen
Slimme algoritmenSorteren
DatastructurenArrays – ArrayLists
Stack, Queue, Linked lists Trees - Maps
GUI-klassenJFrames – Jpanels – Jbuttons - …Events – Eventlisteners - mouse
Paint, layout, JApplet
CURSUS III: technologie, historiek
en economische aspecten
1e semester
PROJECT
Utility-klassenTimer, Thread, Random, File, …
CURSUS I
CURSUS II
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Jan Lemeire 19Pag. / 49
2e semester
Cursustekst deel I
Cursustekst deel II
Verschillen met vorig jaar: op website
Cursustekst deel III
Slides: alles staat in cursus
Indien niet: staat duidelijk aangegeven
http://parallel.vub.ac.be:
Code & alle info
Informatica II: les 1
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Jan Lemeire 20Pag. / 49
2e zit en vrijstellingen
Zie parallel.vub.ac.beMet een 10/20 gemiddeld over alle onderdelen ben je geslaagd, anders 2e zit.
Vanaf 12/20 heb je een officieuze vrijstelling voor een onderdeel (theorie/oefeningen/project) van 1e naar 2e zit.
In juni bieden we de mogelijkheid om facultatief je punten van het 1e semester te verbeteren, indien je een 7, 8 of 9 behaalde in het eerste semester (gemiddelde over theorie en oefeningen) en je slaagt voor je mondeling examen met minstens een 12/20.
Informatica II: les 1
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Jan Lemeire 22Pag. / 49
Deel I
4 pagina’s referentie java
Java’s spelregels
Pijlers van object-georiënteerdeprogrammeertalen
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Jan Lemeire 23Pag. / 49
TIOBE Index for June 2016
http://www.tiobe.com/tiobe_indexInformatica II: les 1
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Jan Lemeire 24Pag. / 49
Java versus Python
1. Object-georiënteerde taal.
2. public static void main
3. Puntkomma’s en accolades
4. System.out.println
5. Typeren: sterk en statisch
6. Arrays en ArrayLists
7. Verschil tussen letters en woorden
8. De for-lus
9. VariaInformatica II: les 1
p. 8
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Jan Lemeire 25Pag. / 49Informatica II: les 1
p. 9
Statements eindigen met ‘;’
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Jan Lemeire 26Pag. / 49
Wat berekent GHI?”
Informatica II: les 1
p. 10
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Jan Lemeire 27Pag. / 49
Hetzelfde in python
Informatica II: les 1
def berekenGHI(x, y):
while x != y:
if x > y:
x = x-y
else:
y = y-x
return x;
s = raw_input("Geef 2 getallen: ")
a = int(s)
s = raw_input()
b = int(s)
ggd = berekenGHI(a, b)
print “GGD van", a, "en", b, "is", ggd
p. 10
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Jan Lemeire 28Pag. / 49
Getypeerde parameters
public static int berekenGrootstGemeneDeler(int x, int y)
Java: Enkel op te roepen met integers
In python: ook reëel getal mogelijk! Elk type, dus ook string…
– Parameters 4.5 & 5.5 werkt
– Parameters 4.5 en 5.1 werkt het niet => NOK
Informatica II: les 1
p. 12
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Jan Lemeire 29Pag. / 49
Type checking nuttig
Je weet als gebruiker wat mee te gevenIn python: input documenteren
Geruststelling, je kan ‘niets fouts’ doenHier: negatieve waarden geeft fouten: checken
In Python: steeds extra checks doen op type
Parameters kunnen ingewikkelde objectenzijn
Informatica II: les 1
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Jan Lemeire 30Pag. / 49
Functie: maar 1 teruggeefwaarde
Java, zoals de meeste programmeertalen
Functie
kan maar 1 waarde teruggeven
Voorbeeld: celsius-conversie, ggd
Indien meerdere waarden: ‘truken’ nodig
Informatica II: les 1
p. 16
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Jan Lemeire 31Pag. / 49
Voorlopige conclusie
Python
Snel, voor kleine programma’s
High-level, handige basisfunctionaliteiten
Cf Matlab
Java
Voor grote programma’s en bibliotheken, te delen met andere programmeurs
Iets meer low-level
Meest-gebruikte industriële taal
Informatica II: les 1
Voorlopige conclusie
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Jan Lemeire 32Pag. / 49
Java versus Python
1. Object-georiënteerde taal.
2. public static void main
3. Puntkomma’s en accolades
4. System.out.println
5. Typeren: sterk en statisch
6. Arrays en ArrayLists
7. Verschil tussen letters en woorden
8. De for-lus
9. VariaInformatica II: les 1
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Objecten
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Jan Lemeire 34Pag. / 49Informatica II: les 1
Persoon-object
p. 17
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Jan Lemeire 35Pag. / 49Informatica II: les 1
p. 18
operator: … ? ... : … p. 16
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Jan Lemeire 36Pag. / 49
Persoonobjecten
Informatica II: les 1
p. 19
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Jan Lemeire 37Pag. / 49
Objecten
Gedefinieerd met een klasse (type object)
Heeft attributen
De eigenschappen van het object
Aangemaakt met een constructor
Object is instantiatie van een welbepaalde klasse
Heeft methodes
Methode heeft toegang tot de attributen, kandeze veranderen
Informatica II: les 1
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Overerving
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Jan Lemeire 39Pag. / 49
Een student is een persoon
Informatica II: les 1
public class Student extends Persoon{
enum Faculteit {IR, WE, GF, LK, LW, ES, RC, PE};
int rolnummer;Faculteit faculteit = Faculteit.IR;
Student(String voornaam, String naam, int
rolnummer){
super(voornaam, naam);
this.rolnummer=rolnummer;
}}
p. 20
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Jan Lemeire 40Pag. / 49
Overerving (inheritance)
Subklasse erft alle attributen en methodes over van moederklasse
Subklasse kan attributen toevoegen
Subklasse kan methodes toevoegen of methodesoverschrijven
Constructor van subklasse moet een constructor van moederklasse oproepen (superconstructor)
Informatica II: les 1
p. 5 – regel 6
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Jan Lemeire 41Pag. / 49
Specializatie
Overerving (Inheritance): hiërarchie
Vehicle
Car
Truck
Racing
Car
Light
Vehicle
Heavy
Vehicle
Bus
Generalizatie
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Jan Lemeire 42Pag. / 49
Pijlers van object-georiënteerde
programmeertalen
p. 7
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Jan Lemeire 43Pag. / 49
Super-constructor
Het aanmaken van een Student-object vergt ook het aanmaken van een Persoon-object
Op de eerste lijn van de Student-constructor roep je een constructor van Persoon op met super(voornaam, naam);
Informatica II: les 1
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Objectattributen
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Jan Lemeire 45Pag. / 49Informatica II: les 1
p. 21
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Jan Lemeire 47Pag. / 49Informatica II: les 1
public class Student extends Persoon{
enum Faculteit {IR, WE, GF, LK, LW, ES, RC, PE};
int rolnummer;Faculteit faculteit = Faculteit.IR;ArrayList<Vak> vakken;Map<Vak, Integer> punten;float score;
Student(String voornaam, String naam, int rolnummer, Faculteit fac){super(voornaam, naam);this.rolnummer=rolnummer;this.faculteit = fac;vakken = new ArrayList<Vak>();punten = new HashMap<Vak, Integer>();
}}public class Vak {
String naam, titularis;
int SP;
Vak(String naam, String titularis, int SP){
this.naam = naam;
this.titularis = titularis;
this.SP = SP;
}}
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Jan Lemeire 48Pag. / 49
Aanmaken objecten
Informatica II: les 1
public static void main(String[] args) {
Student rik = new Student("Rik", "Vermeulen", 37365, Faculteit.IR);Student jana = new Student("Jana", "Laplace", 101670, Faculteit.WE);
Vak informatica = new Vak("Informatica", "Jan Lemeire", 7);Vak materiaalkunde = new Vak("Materiaalkunde", "Herman Terryn", 4);Vak mechanica = new Vak("Mechanica", "Dirk Lefeber", 7);
rik.vakken.add(informatica);rik.punten.put(informatica, 14);rik.vakken.add(materiaalkunde);rik.punten.put(materiaalkunde, 12);rik.vakken.add(mechanica);rik.punten.put(mechanica, 17);
jana.vakken.add(informatica);jana.punten.put(informatica, 16);jana.vakken.add(mechanica);jana.punten.put(mechanica, 13);
}
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Jan Lemeire 49Pag. / 49
Berekening score
Informatica II: les 1
int berekenTotaal(){
score=0;int totaalSP=0;for(Vak vak: vakken){
score += punten.get(vak) * vak.SP;totaalSP += vak.SP;
}score /= totaalSP;return score;
}
for-lusp. 15-16
float scoreRik = rik.berekenTotaalScore();float scoreJana = jana.berekenTotaalScore();System.out.println(rik+" behaalde "+scoreRik+"/20");System.out.println(jana+" behaalde "+scoreJana+"/20");