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By now the violence of the iconoclasm was against religion and politics.

Margaret panicked and told Philip that there was a revolt.

Nobles tried to calm things down.The revolt was coming, but their army wasn’t

big enough yet.Philip was sending troops to the Low

Countries.William of Orange and other nobles left for

Germany.

He was sent with a large army to stop the revolt.He became military commander of the

Netherlands.He formed a new army in the Netherlands.His troops garrisoned in towns to keep the

peace.

He set up Councils of Troubles in towns. They could arrest, torture and punish people

without trial. Many towns were angry because of this.

(= Raad van beroerten)2 aims:Make people become CatholicMake people listen to Spanish government.

Soon called: Councils of Blood. 10.000 people were arrested, 1000 killed.The nobles that escaped were sentenced to

death.

Egmont and Hoorne were executed.

They were 2 of the nobles that had warned Philip earlier.

Because of these executions, Margaret left as a regent.

Alva ignored her anyway.He now had all power!

Alva wanted more centralisation.The Low Counties became a Spanish colony.He wanted one tax system:Property tax: 1 % (100th Penny tax)Sale of property: 5% (20th Penny tax)Sale of all goods: 10% (10th Penny tax)

People had to pay more taxesThey were already poor!inflation: prices are too highFood and fuel shortages.Iconoclasm.Spanish soldiers were behaving badly.Alva took all the land of the guilty ones from

the Councils of Troubles.

People are angry, and want changes: Dutch Revolt.

Military commander: leader of the army.Garrisoned : soldiers living in a town to

guard it.