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PARADIGMS OF DIGITALIZATION
Sergiu Stelian ILIESCU
Ioana FAGARASAN
Nicoleta ARGHIRA
University POLITEHNICA of
Bucharest
CONTENTS
1. Prerequisites for the digitalization concept
2. Smart Grid
3. Digitalization paradigm in the energy sector
4. Digitalization challenges: blockchain technology, cyber security, digital learning
DIGITALIZATION OF UTILITIES – 20TH OF JUNE 2019 2
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION INDUSTRY 1.0 INDUSTRY 5.0
DIGITALIZATION OF UTILITIES – 20TH OF JUNE 2019 3
1st Industrial Revolution
~ 1780
- Mechanical production equipment based
on water and steam motion
- The telegraph enabled instantaneous
intercontinental communication;
- Innovation in agriculture.
2nd Industrial Revolution
~ 1870
- Electricity allows work division and mass production;
- First manufacturing line - Henry Ford (Ford Model T
- 1913).
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION INDUSTRY 1.0 INDUSTRY 5.0
DIGITALIZATION OF UTILITIES – 20TH OF JUNE 2019 4
3rd Industrial Revolution
~ 1960
- electronics and IT equipment
- Factory automation;
- First programable logical Controller - Modicon PLC
(1968);
4th Industrial
Revolution
~ 2010
- Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) (objects and
virtual processes linked through
communication networks)
- Internet of Things, Cloud technology
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION INDUSTRY 1.0 INDUSTRY 5.0
DIGITALIZATION OF UTILITIES – 20TH OF JUNE 2019 5
5th Industrial
Revolution
~ 2017
- Industry 5.0 is a future concept, starting a
closer human-machine cooperation, for
minimal production losses
- Perfect synergy between machine work
performance and human intelligence
CYBER PHYSICAL SYSTEMS
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Cyber – Physical System ( CPS) - USA launched concept (2006)
Components: physical devices, computation equipment and communication
Control, computing and communication convergence
Applied to big and distributes systems
Power system applications: Renewable Energy Sources, Energy efficiency, Critical
Infrastructure.
Issues to be solved with CPS:
• Power flow control (real time ?)
• Stability control
• Operation safety
• Power system modelling
• Generation and consumption efficency
CYBER PHYSICAL SYSTEMS
DIGITALIZATION OF UTILITIES – 20TH OF JUNE 2019 7
- Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 is the European CPS
- CPS and Industry n.0 is based on digital/numeric
technologies
e.g. National Dispatcher - CPS approach
SISTEMUL ELECTRO-ENERGETIC
Telemasuri: P, Q, V, f, etc.
Telesemnalizari: pozitii,
intreruptoare si separatoare
TelecomenziTelereglaje
Inregistrare date
Afisare date
eronate
Validare
Alarme
Estimare stare
(statica si dinamica)
Siguranta in
functionare
Optimizare pe termen
lung si mediu
Analiza post -
avarie
Protectie
electrica
Dispecer
economic
Reglaj tensiune-
putere reactiva
(secundar / tertial)
Afisare pe panouConsola
operator
Reglaj frecventa/
putere activa
BAZA
DE
DATE
Siguranta in
functionare
PS
PS
CS
1. DIGITALIZATION
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1. DIGITALIZATION
DIGITALIZATION OF UTILITIES – 20TH OF JUNE 2019 9
Timp (t)
Amplitudine
(x)
Timp continuu Timp discret
Amplitudine
continuă A. Sisteme continue
x
t
B. Sisteme cu eşantionare
x
t
Amplitudine
discretă
C. Sisteme tip releu
x
t
D. Sisteme de reglare numerice
x
t
Amplitudine
binară
E. Sisteme de comutare binare
x
t
F. Sisteme de comandă digitale
x
t
1. PREREQUISITES FOR THE DIGITALIZATION
CONCEPT
Smart Grid
The gravity center of energy generation moves towards ecological/renewable resources
European/Continental globalization of electricity generation, transport and distribution.
DIGITALIZATION OF UTILITIES – 20TH OF JUNE 2019 10
2. SMART GRID
DIGITALIZATION OF UTILITIES – 20TH OF JUNE 2019 11
SMART
GRID
ENERGY
MARKET
INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
DISTRIBUTED
ENERGY SOURCES
INTEGRATION
GRID SECURITY
INTELLIGENT
COMMUNICATION
2. SMART GRID – GOING DIGITAL
DIGITALIZATION OF UTILITIES – 20TH OF JUNE 2019 12
SMART
GRID
ENERGY
MARKET
INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
DISTRIBUTED
ENERGY SOURCES
INTEGRATION
GRID SECURITY
INTELLIGENT
COMMUNICATION
- Real Time Monitoring and Diagnosis;
- Real time flow control on all levels;
- Self-healing grid;
- Consumer load control and awareness
3. DIGITALIZATION PARADIGM IN THE ENERGY SECTOR
DIGITALIZATION OF UTILITIES – 20TH OF JUNE 2019 13
3. DIGITALIZATION PARADIGM IN THE ENERGY SECTOR
Digitalization is a new concept enabling the energy field new goals of DER integration and autonomous operation of the grid.
The digital energy grid brings closer and closer the physical energy layer and the cyber layer, through advanced communication infrastructure.
The smart grid digitalization facilitates high level functions (e.g. real-time power flow calculation, grid diagnosis, load and generation prediction and optimal, adaptive dispatch) at the distribution and even prosumer level.
It brings new applications or developments of several technologies: PMU, FPGA, dynamic state estimation, fractional control, smart sensors etc
DIGITALIZATION OF UTILITIES – 20TH OF JUNE 2019 14
3.1. SMART GRID DIGITALIZATION PILLARS
DATA : Energy measuring and actuating technology
AUTOMATION and COMPUTATION POWER (data/information processing and real-time decision making)
COMMUNICATION (new fiber optic based infrastructure replaces traditional copper wiring).
DIGITALIZATION OF UTILITIES – 20TH OF JUNE 2019 15
3.1. SMART GRID DIGITALIZATION PILLARS
- Measuring and actuating technology
DIGITALIZATION OF UTILITIES – 20TH OF JUNE 2019 16
FOCS - Fiber-Optic Current sensor
3.1. SMART GRID DIGITALIZATION PILLARS
Computing technology for data/information processing:
- Big Data
- Data security
DIGITALIZATION OF UTILITIES – 20TH OF JUNE 2019 18
3.1. SMART GRID DIGITALIZATION PILLARS
DIGITALIZATION OF UTILITIES – 20TH OF JUNE 2019 19
Communication infrastructure:
- IEC 61850
- M2M communication
3.2. REAL TIME GRID SIMULATION SOLUTIONS
DIGITALIZATION OF UTILITIES – 20TH OF JUNE 2019 20
RTDS
HIL simulation
https://www.rtds.com/
3.2. REAL TIME GRID SIMULATION SOLUTIONS
DIGITALIZATION OF UTILITIES – 20TH OF JUNE 2019 21
PSCAD
https://hvdc.ca/pscad/
Power flow computation
Dynamic analysis
Protection
3.2. REAL TIME GRID SIMULATION SOLUTIONS
DIGITALIZATION OF UTILITIES – 20TH OF JUNE 2019 22
ETAP www.etap.com
3.2. REAL TIME GRID SIMULATION SOLUTIONS
DIGITALIZATION OF UTILITIES – 20TH OF JUNE 2019 23
https://www.emtp-software.com/
EMTP
3.2. REAL TIME GRID SIMULATION SOLUTIONS
DIGITALIZATION OF UTILITIES – 20TH OF JUNE 2019 24
SIEMENS PSS SINCAL
3.2. ELECTRICAL GRID SIMULATION SOLUTIONS
DIGITALIZATION OF UTILITIES – 20TH OF JUNE 2019 25
MATLAB/
SIMULINK
Power flow computation
Dynamic analysis
3.2. ELECTRICAL GRID SIMULATION SOLUTIONS
DIGITALIZATION OF UTILITIES – 20TH OF JUNE 2019 26
DIGSILENT
Power flow computation
Dynamic analysis
Protection
3.2. ELECTRICAL GRID SIMULATION SOLUTION
DIGITALIZATION OF UTILITIES – 20TH OF JUNE 2019 27
http://www.eurostag.be/
EUROSTAG
4. DIGITALIZATION CHALLENGES
DIGITALIZATION OF UTILITIES – 20TH OF JUNE 2019 28
4.1 Blockchain technology
4.2 Cyber Security
4.3 Digital learning
4.1 BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY
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Definition of blockchain
Merriam Webster: a digital database containing information (such as records of financial transactions) that can be simultaneously used and shared within a large decentralized, publicly accessible network
also : the technology used to create such a database
Oxford: A system in which a record of transactions made in bitcoin or another cryptocurrency are maintained across several computers that are linked in a peer-to-peer network.
4.1 BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY
DIGITALIZATION OF UTILITIES – 20TH OF JUNE 2019 30
- 1991 first blockchain approach (Stuart Haber and Scott Stornetta)
- 1992 Merkel tree (Dave Bayer) for cryptography and optimization
- 2008 first usable blockchain (Satoshi Nakamoto)
- 2009 bitcoin cryptocurrency
Source
blockblock 1 block 2 block 3 block n
hash 1
timestamp 1
transaction
hash 1
hash 2
timestamp 2
transaction
hash 2
hash 3
timestamp 3
transaction
hash n-1
hash n
timestamp n
transaction
... ...
4.1 BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY
DIGITALIZATION OF UTILITIES – 20TH OF JUNE 2019 31
Microgrid Data(Consumer)
MicrogridControl interface
DISTRIBUTED
ENERGY MARKET
Microgrid Data (Supplier)
Single Consumer
Data
ConsumerControl interface
Other suppliersData
......
Microgrid Data(Consumer)
Microgrid Controlinterface
Utility
1
Utility
2
Utility
n......
microgrid
energy
offersupplier
energy
offer
utility
energy
offer
Microgrid
energy
request
Consumer
energy
request
Microgrid
energy
request
blockchain
smart transaction
Enables Internet of electricity
4.2 CYBER SECURITY
DIGITALIZATION OF UTILITIES – 20TH OF JUNE 2019 32
1) Digital technologies implementation after a thorough analysis and conscience of the technical
dependence vs social consequences
2) “Risk culture” development (cyber attacks scenario simulation)
3) Regulation for digital technologies strategies (including the security of power system
components)
4) Vulnerability identification on several system elements: communication channels, data
acquisition devices, control equipment, human operator etc.
4.3 DIGITAL LEARNING
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Jan 2018 – UE “Action plan for digital education”: education and professional training are the best investments in the European future
“New Skills Agenda for Europe” (in agreement with “Europe 2020 Strategy”) :
Every person should invest in digital skills
Undergraduate education should include “state-of-the-art” IT&C technologies: schools
connected to high speed broadband, teachers with digital abilities
Increased attention for data protection and false information (constant change in “media
literacy”)
Stimulation of innovation and digital skills in all educational institutions
4.3 DIGITAL LEARNING
DIGITALIZATION OF UTILITIES – 20TH OF JUNE 2019 34
Digital laboratory
CONCLUSIONS
The energy system, particularly the electric power system, was, it is and will be open to
the newest technologies according to its functional characteristics, the adaptive and predictive
nature that forces to the deployment of advanced technologies. These new tools should be
used rationally. It is known a certain conservation and caution in the engineering practice.
The presented concepts and technologies represent a high temptation for direct
application, especially because they seem to solve problems that concern the power
engineering community in Romania and worldwide. Still, digitalization should be used with
attention.
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Thank you!
DIGITALIZATION OF UTILITIES – 20TH OF JUNE 2019 36
Contact: