paper writing.. 1 st and 3 rd : –understanding iraq book on ch.3, “british iraq”, on the...
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World between the WarsTRANSCRIPT
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Paper Writing…..
• 1st and 3rd : – Understanding Iraq book
on Ch.3, “British Iraq”, on the strengths and weaknesses of the mandate system along with British motivation for intervention in Iraq.
• 4th :– WWI and the Treaty of
Versailles are long term causes of WWII (due to the…/because…)
Use historical facts and detail to justify your opinions and argument.
Write 1 ½ - 2 pages on:
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Paper Peer Review
Strengths: (+) Things to work on: (-)
-Give helpful constructive feedback-Don’t write on their papers (use sticky notes I pass out)-When finished reviewing one paper, exchange with another classmate and get a new sticky note from Mrs. Varghese (more feedback for the writer) !
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World between the Wars
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Uneasy Peace, Uncertain Security
• League of Nations weak• French strictly enforced Treaty of Versailles• Crazy inflation in Germany (1914: 4.2 marks=1
dollar, 1923: 4.4 trillion marks=1 dollar)• Dawes Plan: reduce reparations, matched
Germany’s yearly payments with ability to pay, loan to Germany
• Kellog-Briand Pact: 1928, pledge to not go to war, made war illegal
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Dawes Plan and Kellogg Briand Pact
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Great Depression• Causes:
– 1) overproduction of food/cotton/etc. led to falling prices
– 2) international financial crisis from crash of US stock market 1929 (credit)
• 1932 worst year– GB 25% unemployment, Germany 40%
• states lowered wages/raised tariffs to protect industry
• renewed interest in Communism• people turned to leaders with simple
solutions
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Democratic States• Germany
– Weimar Republic faced HUGE economic problems with no strong political leadership
• France – political instability
• Great Britain – economist John Maynard Keynes argued gov’ts should
put people to work so they have money to buy things, this would help end depression
• USA – Franklin Delano Roosevelt elected in 1932 – New Deal policy of active gov’t intervention in economy
(Works Progress Administration, Social Security, etc.)
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Weimar Germany
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Using Ch. 27, Sec. 4 on the Dictators in Europe:Create profiles on Mussolini in Italy, Stalin in the USSR, and Hitler in Germany.
You are “profiling” them as if you worked for the FBI. Make bullet-pointed lists with written explanation.
EXAMPLE: Profile: Adolf Hitler
-Who was he?-What were his policies?-How did he treat the people?-How did the people respond?
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The Rise of Dictators
Hitler's Imperial March
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• Crash Course World History
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Terms• Authoritarian state - complete obedience to
authority as opposed to individual freedom • Dictatorship – one person holds all the power• Totalitarian state – gov’t controls political, social,
economic, intellectual, cultural lives of citizens(Below are the actual political parties that are part of the above….)
• Fascism – political ideology where state glorified above individual, led by dictator
• Nazism – political ideology of extreme German nationalism, strong anti-Semitism, anticommunism, and social Darwinian theory of social struggle
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JapanREMEMBER response to Imperialism, Russo-Japanese War, from Unit 6.
• 1920s- economic and political crises – Struggle between civilians and military to control gov’t
• 1930s- military take over– emphasized nationalism – absolute loyalty to emperor
• Manchurian/Mukden Incident – – 1931 Japan used “attack” on railway as excuse to take over
Manchuria (NW China and Korea)• Japanese wanted resources
• Became more aggressive towards West • Closer w/ Nazi Germany;
– signed Anti-Comintern Pact w/ Germany 1936 agreeing to stop spread of Communism
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Tojo Hideki
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Italy and Mussolini• Benito Mussolini; “Il Duce”=the leader• 1919-
– created political group called Fascio di Combattimento (fascism)
• 1920-1921- – Formed Blackshirts to attack communists
• 1922- – Demanded more land for Italy; used nationalism– Forced king to make him Prime Minister
• 1926- – Mussolini closed down all free press – Made laws by decree – Mussolini recognized independence of Vatican in
exchange for backing of pope
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Mussolini “Il Duce”
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The Soviet Union and Stalin• 1922-Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) formally
created– power struggle with Trotsky, Stalin took over, kept Lenin’s policies
• By 1929 Stalin eliminated original Bolsheviks from Politburo (policy making body of communist Party)
• 5 Year Plans – transform USSR into industrial country in 5 year increments
• Collectivization – private farms eliminated, peasants worked land owned by gov’t
• Costs of Stalin’s programs: – 1) peasants hated collectivization, hoarded food, bad crop years led
to starvation of over 10 million people in 1932-33 – 2) continual purging of gov’t leaders (bureaucratic, military,
intellectual) from Stalin’s paranoia killed or sent to Siberia to forced labor/work camps (Gulag) by 1936 38.8 million arrested
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Josef Stalin
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Spain and Franco• Spanish-American War- 1898
– Loss of territory
• Spanish Civil War 1936-39-– fascist Franco led rebellion>overthrow
democratic gov’t• Hitler and Mussolini helped Franco-
– Hitler saw it as a test war• Pablo Picasso painted Guernica to show
horrors of the civil war• Franco won, set up authoritarian gov’t
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Franco
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Picasso’s Guernica
Read p. R74 in the text and answer the questions dealing with Picasso, the Spanish Civil War, and the Nazi destruction of Guernica.
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Germany and Hitler• Nicknamed der Führer
– which means the leader, National Socialist German Workers’ Party (Nazis)
• Militia called Brownshirts • Hitler thrown in jail, wrote his ideas in a book Mein Kampf
(my struggle)• Promised to create new Germany by:
1) giving $ to private companies to hire workers 2) rearmament – rebuild German army, navy, air force3) create pure German race4) blamed Jewish population for loss of WWI and Treaty of
Versailles• Appointed chancellor 1933-
– gained absolute power by act of Reichstag (legislative body)
• Purged gov’t of Jews, created concentration camps – large prison/work/death camps
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Hitler
Parade & Hitler
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Nazi Germany 1933-1939• Aryan goal (pure German, blond hair, blue eyes, tall, strong)
– create Third Reich (third empire)• SS – secret police, ran concentration camps, had 2 principles:
terror and ideology• Joseph Goebbels amazing propaganda minister
– used all means to convince people of Nazi ideology: movies, newspapers, posters, slogans, loudspeakers in parks, mass rallies, etc. believed “if you say something often enough, people will believe it”
• Anti-Semitism: Nuremburg laws passed 1935 – Jews not allowed to be German citizens – Jews not allowed to marry German citizens – Jews had to wear yellow star of David, carry ID cards
• Kristallnacht – November 9, 1938 “night of shattered glass” Nazis destroyed Jewish businesses and homes
– sent many Jews to concentration camps – those who remained forced to clean up destruction – not allowed in public places
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Goebbels
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Kristallnacht