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5010Edexcel GCSESciencePhysics P1bTopic 11: Now You See it, Now You Don’tTopic 12: Space and its MysteriesFoundation and Higher TiersMonday 25 June 2007 – MorningTime: 20 minutes

Materials required for examination Items included with question papersMultiple Choice Answer Sheet NilHB pencil, eraser and calculator

Turn over

Instructions to CandidatesUse an HB pencil. Do not open this booklet until you are told to do so.Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.

Foundation tier candidates: answer questions 1 – 24.Higher tier candidates: answer questions 17 – 40.All candidates are to answer questions 17 – 24.

Before the test begins:Check that the answer sheet is for the correct test and that it contains your candidate details.

How to answer the test:For each question, choose the right answer, A, B, C or Dand mark it in HB pencil on the answer sheet.For example, the answer C would be marked as shown.Mark only one answer for each question. If you change your mind about an answer, rub out the first mark thoroughly, then mark your new answer.Do any necessary calculations and rough work in this booklet. You may use a calculator if you wish.You must not take this booklet or the answer sheet out of the examination room.

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Questions 1 to 16 must be answered by Foundation tier candidates only.Higher tier candidates start at question 17.

Jim’s kitchen

1. Jim’s electric toaster changes bread into toast using

A microwaves B infrared waves C ultraviolet waves D gamma rays

2. Jim has a microwave oven in his kitchen.

Which part of the electromagnetic spectrum, below, represents microwave radiation?

gamma A B visible C D radio

3. While in the kitchen with his mother, Jim listens to music. At the same time, his mother listens to the news on the radio. Both can hear clearly because Jim’s mp3 player is

A low frequency B low wavelength C connected to earphones D digital

4. After Jim has finished in the kitchen he lies on a sun bed for a few minutes. The sun bed tans him using

A infrared waves B ultraviolet waves C ultrasound waves D microwaves

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John’s ‘Book of Space’

John has a book about space.In it he sees this picture showing some orbits.

5. Which orbit is that of a comet?

6. The risk of a comet hitting a planet increases

A if the comet is moving faster B if the planet is bigger C if the comet is cooler D if the planet has no moons

7. John reads about the Milky Way. The book correctly describes the Milky Way as

A a solar system B an asteroid C a galaxy D a Universe

8. John reads some information about aliens. The book correctly states that

A scientists know aliens exist B scientists know there are no aliens C scientists do not yet know if aliens exist D scientists know they will never find aliens

A

D

C

B

Sun

not to scale

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Crime stoppers

Asif and Mary visit the police station. They see some of the methods used to fight crime.

9. First they see how scanning is used to detect forged bank notes. This works because the genuine bank notes have special inks added that

A reflect ultraviolet rays B reflect X-rays C absorb ultraviolet rays and emit visible light rays D absorb X-rays and emit visible light rays

10. Next they are shown how an alarm is set off when a sensor receives radiation from an intruder.

The sensor works because

A the intruder absorbs infrared radiation B the intruder emits infrared radiation C the intruder absorbs ultraviolet radiation D the intruder emits ultraviolet radiation

11. Asif and Mary discuss iris recognition.

Who is correct?

A Asif only B Mary only C both Asif and Mary D neither

12. Asif and Mary hear the siren on a police car. The sound waves from the siren are

A longitudinal B transverse C electromagnetic D ultrasonic

Asif Mary

Iris recognition works because most of our eye appears white.

I think it works because our irises have different patterns.

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Space tourists

People are now paying several millions of pounds to travel in to space.They are not scientists but are curious to see what it is like in space.

13. In space the tourists’ spacecraft will not have

A a controlled temperature B artificial gravity C a supply of air D a shield against radiation

14. How can the tourists keep their heart muscles strong in space?

A by avoiding radiation B by exercising regularly C by wearing a space suit D by breathing pure oxygen

15. The tourists may see an asteroid. An asteroid is in orbit around

A a star B a planet C a comet D a galaxy

Source: www.nasa.gov

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16. The graph shows the weight, on Pluto, of objects of different masses.

On Pluto, an object of mass 40 kg weighs about

A 2.8 kg B 2.8 N C 28 kg D 28 N

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

weight in N

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100mass in kg

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Higher tier candidates start at question 17 and answer questions 17 to 40.Questions 17 to 24 must be answered by all candidates: Foundation tier and Higher tier.

Optical fibres

17. In which of these is the light changing direction for the same reason that it does in an optical fibre?

18. The name of the process that occurs in the optical fibre is

A total internal reflection B total external reflection C total internal refraction D total external refraction

19. The wave passing down the optical fibre is

A seismic B ultrasonic C transverse D longitudinal

20. Which row of the table is correct for optical fibres?

the fibres the light can transfer

A must be kept in a straight line energy and information over long distances

B can be bent around a corner mass and energy over long distances

C must be kept in a straight line mass and energy over long distances

D can be bent around a corner energy and information over long distances

A

C

B

D

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The constellation Orion

The diagram shows the main stars in the constellation Orion.

This is a group of stars that appear together in the sky and form a pattern.

21. Betelgeuse is a red supergiant star. Later in its evolution it may become

A a blue giant B a neutron star C a nebula D a main sequence star

22. The gravitational field strength near Betelgeuse would be measured in

A N B kg C kg/N D N/kg

Betelgeuse

Rigel

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Use this information to answer questions 23 and 24.

The table shows the distances between four of the stars in Orion and the Earth and their relative brightness numbers.Note: The brighter the star as we see it, the smaller the relative brightness number.

name of starapproximate distance

from Earth in light yearsrelative brightness

number

Rigel 775 0.1

Betelgeuse 500 0.4

Bellatrix 240 1.6

Mintaka 800 2.2

23. Which of these statements is correct?

A Mintaka looks brighter than Bellatrix B Rigel is furthest from Earth C Betelgeuse looks brighter than the most distant star mentioned in the table D The star which is 500 light years from us has a relative brightness number of 2.2

24. Four students made comments about the data.

Which student drew a correct conclusion from this data?

A Anne B Boris C Carlos D Dilys

TOTAL FOR FOUNDATION TIER PAPER: 24 MARKS

Foundation tier candidates do not answer any more questions after question 24.

Anne

The brighter the star we see from Earth, the nearer it is.

Boris

The star which is closest to us appears brightest.

Dilys

The star which is furthest from us appears dimmest.

Carlos

Doubling the distance halves the brightness.

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Questions 25 to 40 must be answered by Higher tier candidates only.Foundation tier candidates do not answer questions 25 to 40.

25. Use the diagram on page 8 and the table on page 9 to decide which of these conclusions is correct.

A Rigel must be exactly 25 light years from Mintaka B Rigel cannot be less than 25 light years from Mintaka C Rigel might be less than 25 light years from Mintaka D Rigel cannot be more than 25 light years from Mintaka

26. Carlos checked several sites on the Internet to find the distance between Earth and Rigel. He found values between 775 light years and 1400 light years. The values are different because

A they were made at different times B Rigel is gradually moving away from Earth C the Internet is not reliable D scientists are not measuring carefully enough

27. A star emits waves of visible, infrared and ultraviolet radiation. In what order would you expect the waves to arrive at the Earth?

A visible before the infrared B infrared before ultraviolet C ultraviolet before visible D all at the same time

28. speed = frequency × wavelength

Dilys measures the wavelength λ of one frequency f of light from a star. Which of these relationships should Dilys use to find the frequency of this wave?

A fvλ

=

B λvf

=

C vfλ

=

D λfv

=

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Around Pluto

29. A spacecraft has a mass of 20 000 kg and a weight of 200 000 N. It is launched from a base on Earth. At take-off, the rocket’s thrust is 1000 000 N. What is the acceleration at take-off?

A 800 000200 000

m/s2

B 1000 000200 000

m/s2

C 800 00020 000

m/s2

D 1000 00020 000

m/s2

30. The diagram shows the spacecraft’s direction of movement after it has gone into orbit around Pluto.

For this position of the spacecraft, which row of the table is correct if it is to slow down?

direction of forceof gravity

direction of gases from spacecraft

A ↓ ↑

B ← ↓

C ↓ ↓

D ← ↑

not to scale

spacecraftPluto

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31. Cameras inside the spacecraft photograph Pluto. Pluto was originally called a planet. Now it has been renamed as only one of several Dwarf Planets. A change of name of this importance could only be decided by

A the discoverer B the Astronomer Royal C the Members of Parliament D a conference of astronomers

Testing sun block

Use this information to answer questions 32, 33 and 34.

Mike has been reading about skin cancer.The book says that a thick layer of sun block cream (sunscreen) helps to prevent skin cancer.He decides to investigate a sun block cream.He sets up the four arrangements shown.

32. Which arrangement should give the biggest reading on the infrared detector?

A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4

33. Which pair of arrangements would give information about the effect of distance from the lamp?

A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 4 D 3 and 4

bright infrared lamp

dim infrared lamp

bright infrared lamp

dim infrared lamp

infrareddetector

sun block

1 2 3 4

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34. Mike’s investigation is not valid because

A he uses two different distances B he uses two different thicknesses C the radiation from the lamps has the wrong frequency D too many variables are changed in the experiment

Starlight

Use this information to answer questions 35, 36 and 37.

The diagrams show the line spectra from a light source on Earth and from two stars.(Note: 1 nanometre (nm) is the same as 1 × 10–9 m)

35. The wavelength of the line marked L in the spectrum from Star X is about A 5.9 × 10–7 m B 5.9 × 10–9 m C 6.1 × 10–7 m D 6.1 × 10–9 m

36. Astronomers cannot measure the wavelength of line marked L very accurately because

A the line is moving B the line is so thick C the star is speeding up D the star is slowing down

light source on Earth

light from Star X

light from Star Y

400 500 600 700

400 500 600 700

wavelength in nm

wavelength in nm

L

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37. Two students, Ifor and Mary, drew a conclusion from this data.

Who is correct?

A Ifor only B Mary only C both Ifor and Mary D neither

Magnitude of an earthquake

Use this information to answer questions 38, 39 and 40.

The diagram shows the P and S waves received at a seismic research station. The amplitude of theS wave is 23 mm and the time between the arrival of P and S waves (S-P time) is 24 s.

The chart below shows how to find the magnitude of the earthquake on the Richter scale. The S-P time value and the maximum S wave amplitude are joined. Then the magnitude is read from the middle scale. In this example, the magnitude is 5.

Ifor

Star X is moving away from Star Y but towards the Earth.

Mary

Star Y is moving away from Star X and away from the Earth.

time in s

P

24 s

amplitude 23 mm

30

20

10S

S-P time in s

5040

30

20

10

4

2

1005020105210.5

0.20.1

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

magnitude amplitude in mm

38. The time between the arrival of the first P wave and the first S wave at the detector depends on

A the time between the P and S waves being sent out B the distance between the places where the P and S waves are sent out C the distance between the earthquake and the detector D the time it takes the scientists to travel from detector to the earthquake

39. The seismologists were discussing this.

Who is correct?

A George only B Ria only C both George and Ria D neither

40. The magnitude of an earthquake which has an S-P time of 30 s and an amplitude of 5 mm is about

A 3.8 B 4.5 C 5.2 D 5.5

TOTAL FOR HIGHER TIER PAPER: 24 MARKS

END

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George

If the amplitude is higher for the same S-P time, the magnitude is higher.

Ria

The shorter the S-P time for the same amplitude, the higher the magnitude.

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