paper presentaion on green engine(1)

2nd science congress on mechanical Engineering in dr.k. nmodi university

DR. K. N MODI UNIVERSITY NEWAI (RAJASTHAN)

Abstract—The green engine is one of the most interesting discoveries

of the new millennium. It has got some unique features thatwere used for the first time in the making of engines. Thisengine is a piston less one with features like sequentialvariable compression ratio, direct air intake, direct fuelinjection, multi-fuel usage etc. The efficiency of this engine ishigh when compared to the contemporary engines and also theexhaust emissions are near zero. The significance of theengine lies in the efficiency when the present world conditionsof limited resources of energy are considered. Prototypes ofthe engine have been developed. Generators have beenproduced with the green engine.

I. INTRODUCTION

Coal, petroleum, natural gas, water and nuclear energy are thefive main sources of energy. The consumption of petroleumconstitutes 60 percent of energy from all sources. Greenengine is a 6 phase engine which has a very low exhaustemission, high efficiency, low vibrations etc…... Itsuniqueness to adapt to any fuel which is also well burnt Greenengine is the internal combustion engine with some or majormodifications in its parts and design. The green engine is oneof the most interesting Discoveries of the new millennium.The efficiency of this engine is high when compared to thecontemporary engines and also the exhaust emissions are nearzero. The significance of the engine lies in the efficiency whenthe present world conditions of limited resources of energy areconsidered.

2. Need to invent

Today world is facing the major problems regarding energycrisis. Along with this we are facing major environmentaltrouble due to increase in harmful gases which are evolvedfrom nowhere else but the combustion of these conventionalenergy sources. Major portion of fuels is burnt in the enginesused for various purposes like main automobiles, generators,power plants etc. Statistics show that, the daily consumptionof petroleum all over the world today is 40 million barrels, ofwhich about 50 percent is for automobile use.

Energy crisis

Fig no.1

Energy Consumption

Fig no.2

PAPER PRESENTATION ON GREEN ENGINE

DHEERAJ PATIDAR

Department of Mechanical EngineeringDr. K. n Modi University

Newai (Rajasthan)Email: [email protected]



3. Technical featureCompared to conventional piston engines, operated on fourphases,The Green engine is an actual six phase internalcombustion engine with much higher expansion ratio. Thus ithas six independent or separate working processes: intake,compression, mixing, combustion, power and exhaust,resulting in the high air charge rate. Satisfactory air-fuelmixing, complete burning, high combustion efficiency and fullexpansion. The most important characteristic is the expansionratio being much bigger than the compression ratio. Also, theother main features are the revolutionary innovations of thesequential variable compression ratio, constant volumecombustion and self-adapting sealing system. Therefore, anengine having extremely high thermal efficiency, near-zeroemissions, quietness, light and small, lower cost withcapability of burning of various fuels has come into being.

A) Direct Air Intake

Direct air intake means that there is no air inlet pipe, throttleand inlet valves on the air intake system. Air filter is directlyconnected to the intake port of the engine, and together withthe less heating effect of air intake process, benefited fromlower temperature of independent intake chamber, a highestvolumetric efficiency which makes engine produce a hightorque of output on all speed range is achieved. The pump losswhich consumes the part of engine power is eliminated .Alsofuel measuring facilities are built-in, and parts are saved.

B) Strong Swirling

As a tangential air duct in between combustion chamber andcompression chamber, a very swirling which could lost untilgas port is opened, can be formed while air is pumped into thecombustion chamber. Consequently, the air-fuel mixing andthe combustion process can have a satisfying workingcondition.

C) Sequential Variable Compression RatioThis greatly revolutionary innovation can provide the mostsuitable compression ratio for the engine whatever operationmode it works on with burning variety of fuels. Therefore,an excellent combustion performance is attained.

D) Direct Fuel InjectionDirect fuel injection can provide higher output and torque,while at the same time it also enhances the response foracceleration.

E) Super Air-Fuel MixingSince the independent air-fuel mixing phase is havingenough time for mixing air and fuel under strong swirlingand hot situation, the engine is capable to burn any liquid orgas fuels without modifications. An ideal air-fuel mixturecould delete CO emission. Also centrifugal effect comingfrom both strong swirling and rotation of the burner makesthe air-fuel mixture denser near the spark plug. It benefits tocold starting and managing lean-burning.

F) Lowest Surface to Volume Ratio

The shape of combustion chamber herein can be designed asglobal as possible. Thus, a lowest surface to is obtained, andthe engine is having less heat losses and high combustionefficiency.

G) Vibration Free

As major moving parts, vanes which are counted in littlemass and operated symmetrically, the performance of theengine is very smooth. Hence, vibrations are eliminated.

4. ConstructionThe engine comprises a set of vanes, a pair of rotors whichhouses a number of small pot-like containers. It is here, inthese small containers that compression, mixing, combustionare carried out. The engine also contains two air intake ports,and a pair of fuel injectors and spark plugs. The spark plugsare connected in such a system so as to deactivate them,when a fuel which does not need sparks for ignition is used.The rotor is made of high heat resistance and low expansionrate material such as ceramic. Whereas, the metal used is analloy of steel, aluminum and chromium.

5. Working

Fig no.3

5.1 IntakeThe air arrives to the engine through the direct air intake portin the absence of an air inlet pipe, throttle and inlet valves onthe air intake system. A duct is provided on the sides of thevane and rotor. The duct is so shaped that when the air movesthrough, strong swirls generate when it gets compressed in thechamber. The air pushes the vane blades which in turn imparta proportionate rotation in the small rotor which houses thechambers. The inlet air duct ends with a very narrow openingto the chamber.



5.2 CompressionThe rushing air from the duct is pushed by the blades intothe small chambers in the rotor. The volume of thesechambers is comparatively very small. Naturally, thecompression obtained by such a procedure is verysatisfactory. As earlier mentioned, the compressed air is in aswirling state, ready to be mixed with the fuel which will beinjected into the chamber when it will be place before theinjector by the already rotating rotor.

5.3 MixingAs soon as the chamber comes in front of the fuel injector,the injector sprays fuel into the compressed air. Because ofthe shape of the chamber, the fuel mixes well with thecompressed air. The importance of ideal mixing leads todeletion of CO emission. And also because of the strongswirling, a centrifugal effect is exerted in the air-fuelmixture. Moreover, the rotation of the burner, makes thiscentrifugal affects all the more effective. Mixing phase hasenough time to produce an ideal air-fuel mixture as the sparkplug is positioned towards the other end of the rotor orburner.

5.4 CombustionAs the chamber rotates towards the “end” of its path, it ispositioned before the spark plug. A spark flies from the pluginto the air-fuel mixture. Because of the mixing phase, theair-fuel mixture is denser near the spark plug, thereby,enabling lean-burning of the charge and also a uniform flamefront. As soon as the whole charge is ignited, the burnerrotates to position itself in front of the narrow exit.

5.5 PowerThe expanded gas rushes out of the chamber through thenarrow opening, thereby pushing the name in the process.The sudden increase in volume ensures that more power isreleased. Or in other words, the thermal energy is fullyutilized.

5.6 ExhaustAs the thermal energy is fully utilized, the exhaust gasesbring along comparatively less heat energy. This mainlyhelps in the thermal efficiency of the engine. It raises theengine’s thermal efficiency and also because of the completeburning of the charge, poisonous gases like CO are absent inthe exhaust emissions.

6. Advantages

6.1 Small Size and Light WeightAs Green engine is very compact with multi-power pulses,the size and weight could be 1/5 to 1/10 of the conventionalpiston engines on same output. Its power to weight ratiocould be more than 2 hp per pound without supercharge orturbo charger.

6.2 Limited PartsThere are only some dozens of parts easy to be manufacturedin the engine structure.

6.3 High EfficiencyBecause many great innovations are being employed in theengine design such as: direct air intake, sequential variablecompression ratio, super mixing process, constant volumecombustion, controllable combustion time, high workingtemperature of the burner, high expansion ratio and self-adapting sealing system etc., the thermal efficiency of theengine could be potentially as high as 65 %, even more ifwater add-in technology is to be considered.

6.4 Multi-fuelsDue to six phases of working principle, super air fuel mixingprocess and constant volume combustion with controllabletime, the Green engine becomes the only real multi-fuelengine on our planet; any liquid or gas fuels can be burntwell. Also it would be ideal to coal powder if special anti-wearing material is employed.

6.5 Near-zero EmissionsWith perfect air-fuel mixture, complete combustion underlower peak temperature and free of quenching effect, theemission of CO, HC and NOx could be near zero, thereby, acatalytic converter could be not required at all.

6.6 Smooth OperationDue to inherence of good dynamic and static balance theperformance of the Green engine is as smooth as an electricmotor.

6.7Fast Accelerating ResponseDirect injection, little rotating inertia and deletedreciprocating motion can characterize the Green engine withoperating at a very fast accelerating response.

6.8 Low CostLimited parts, small in size, light in weight and dependingupon current mature materials and manufacturingtechnologies, mean that it would be done at much lower coston manufacture, transportation, installing to other devices,and maintenance.

6.9 Highly ReliableAs there are fewer moving parts operating smoothly, nocrankshaft, valves, connecting rods, cams and timing chains,and intake and exhaust actions are accomplished directly bythe motion of the vanes. Thus, it is highly reliable.

6.10 Quietness and Low Exhaust TemperatureBurst out under small amount of mixtures, free of vibrations,and high expansion ratio make the Green engine muchquieter. It is really environment-friendly. Green enginevehicles could transport troops on the battlefield of thefuture, and could serve as a vital source of auxiliary power incombat. This is because these engines are quiet, flexible andoperate at low temperature, making them ideal for use in“stealth” vehicles.



7. Application of green engine

Like normal engine green engine can be employed in

automobiles and in aircrafts, too.

Engineering applications.

Military use.

Mines.

Electrical Generators.

Ships and submarines.

8. Conclusion

The Green engine’s prototypes have been recently developed,

and also because of the unique design, limitations have not

been determined to any extent. But even in the face of

limitations if any, the Green engine is sure to serve the

purpose to a large extent. Create less smog in the air; reduce

the risk of health problem as heart dieses & lung cancer.

9. Reference

www.seas.upenn.edu/~meam100/handouts/greenengine.pdf

GandhidasanP, Al Farayedhi A, “green engine“vol 126/178-191, January 2004.

(Fig no. 1, 2) Introduction to Internal Engines by

Richard Stone

Internal Combustion Engines byK.K. Ram lingam

Heywood J B, Internal combustion enginefundamentals , 1988

paper presentaion on green engine(1)

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