Strengthening the Development Results and Impacts of the Paris Declaration through Work on

Gender Equality, Social Exclusion and Human Rights

Workshop, London, 12-13 March 2008

Gender and Aid Effectiveness in EthiopiaPaper prepared by

Tiruwork Tizazu and Saba G/MedhinAddis Ababa, Ethiopia

ContextThe Ethiopian Economy growth at over 10% annually There been changes in ODA goals and modalities. GBS has been suspended in favour of project aid and PBS; The modalities of funding are Protection of Basic Services (PBS), Program support, Project support as well as Pool fund arrangements.

Context-challenges / opportunities

lack of Scale up of aids according to donors commitment; less predictable of timing and amount of disbursement;Lack of commitment in harmonization from donors side;Delay on project implementation;Lack of capacity from the implementers side.wide range of institutional reforms in progressto enhance the transparency of GOV.

Strengthening Ownership and accountability

Government exercises leadership in developing andimplementing PASDEP. The government also strengthens itsleadership role in co-ordinating aid at all levels. In order toimplement the pogram the government mobilize resources fromdifferent sources: from domestic and foreign sources.strong partnership between the government and developmentpartners within the framework of the Sustainable Development ofPoverty Reduction Programe that focuses on poverty reduction.GoE demonstrates leadership in development assistancecoordination via a High Level Forum (HLF) in collaboration withdonors to enable better policy dialogue and mutualaccountability; chaired by the MoFED and co-chaired by the Chairof the DAG.

Strengthening Ownership and accountability/ gender

The budget is realigned with PASDEP. The government’scommitment to spending on poverty – reducing programssuch as education; health; water; road and agriculture andtrack record of sound financial management andimplementation, serve to strengthen poverty reduction andgender equality. The share of total spending on poverty-targeted sectors increased from about 42% of totalexpenditure in 2002/03 to over 62.9% by the end of 2006/07.Government recognizes gender as a human right issue, apoverty reduction and a development goal in its own right.The Constitution; Women’s policy; Sector policies; and thenew Family Law, criminal law includes various provisionsaiming at abolishing gender discrimination.

Strengthening Ownership and accountability

PASDEP takes ‘Unleashing the potential of Ethiopianwomen’ as one of its focus in the eight pillars of the strategyFormulation of a National Action Plan for Gender Equity.The NAP is intended to mainstream gender into policiesand programs for more gender equitable poverty reductionoutcomes.Major areas of focus for GE: Poverty and economicempowerment, Education and training, Reproductive rights,health and HIV/AIDS, Violence against women and girlsdecision making

Strengthening Ownership and accountability

The key macroeconomic variables forimplementing government development planssuch as PASDEP is budget.In Ethiopia, there is a coherence between the genderbudgeting analysis and the ongoing public financemanagement reform framework: the ExpenditureManagement and Control Program (EMCP), MTEF,PEP, PER, etc.Gender budgeting is initiated by Ministry Of financeand Economic Development and mainstreamed inStrategic Planning Management document of theministry and in the PASDEP and in the NA P -GE.

Strengthening Ownership and accountability

Two guidelines on gender sensitive budgeting areprepared by MOFED

1. Guideline for mainstreaming gender in the budget process:2. Guideline for Gender sensitive budgeting on girl’s

Education in EthiopiaThe guideline is used during budget planning/preparation to appropriately mainstream gender perspectives in the budget process (to make the budget gender sensitive) as well as during implementation to make sure that the gender sensitive budget is implemented as planed.

Strengthening Ownership and Accountability

This guideline is intended for anyone who is in charge of policy making, planning and budgeting and is interested in integrating gender in the policy, planning and budgeting process. A Gender budgeting study was undertaken byMOFED on selected sectors (Education;Health and Agriculture).

Strengthening Ownership and accountability

Budget tracking initiatives lead by civil society (such as NEWA and PANE); expenditures towards GE priorities are predictableNEWA is involved in Consultation processes of country policy processes. (PASDEP,NAP).NEWA is participating in monitoring the effective implementation of PASDEP Through CRC and APR inputs of CSOs.NEWA prepared M and E Tools to monitor NAP budget tracking and service delivery.

Citizen Report Cards (CRC) and Community Score Cards (CSC)

CRCs are participatory surveys that provide QUANTITATIVE feedback on user perceptions on quality, adequacy and efficiency of public services to exact public accountability through the extensive media coverage and civil society advocacy that accompanies the process.CSCs are QUALITATIVE monitoring tools that are used for local level monitoring and performance evaluation of services, projects and district administrative units by the communities themselves.

The CSC process is a hybrid of the techniques of social audit, community monitoring and citizen report cards. Like the CRC, the CSC process is an instrument to exact social and public accountability and responsiveness from service providers. By including an interface meeting between service providers and the community that allows for immediate feedback, the process is also a strong instrument for empowerment.

A CRC undertaken by PANE involving different organization to evaluate the implementation of the poverty reduction policies.

Resultthe SDPRP and PASDEP employed M&E system against theirmatrix using the two principal sources, the CSA for primarysources, and the various sectoral monitoring systems throughroutine administrative data sources.The Welfare Monitoring Unit within the MOFED, to meet M&E requirements of mutual accountability; Annual progress Review reports informed by the existingMonitoring and Evaluation system prepared to assess progresstowards the set targets in the Five year development plan andby extension Ethiopia’s MDG goals.The APR concentrates on outcomes and progress againstactions planned for 2006/07 in the PASDEP.A social mobilisation strategy has been developed aimed atenhancing community participation in urban areas

ResultPre test activities on monitoring RH services delivery by NEWA.Women at grassroots' level empowered, facilitated access to information

Monitoring PASDEP indicatorsIndicator 2005/06 2006

/07

Reducing by halfthe number of people living

below the poverty line

36.6 34.6

Net primary level enrollment:- 1st Cycle (1-4)girls- 2nd Cycle (1-4)

73.070.875.2

79.577.2

81.7

Gender disparity in secondary education 9-10

Ratio of gender disparity (%)- Primary First Cycle(%)1-4

- Primary Second Cycle (%)Ratio of females in the

Legislative Branch

0.59

0.890.74

8 (1998)

0.78

0.93

0.78

33.0

Indicator 2004/05

2005/06

Ratio of maternal mortality (in 100.000 mothers)

Number of mothers with access to professional delivery services (%)

Contraceptive prevalence rateReduce infant mortality(1000)

871

9

1577

673

16

3677

Access to clean water supply at national level

47..3(2005/06)

52.5(2006/07)

National capacity for managing development:

The Ministry of Capacity Building (MCP) was created in 2001 to guide the formulation, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of civil service, capacity building programmes. Trainings on Gender budgeting and gender mainstreaming in the planning and budget has given to Federal and Regional plan and budget experts; parliaments; women’s affairs Departments in the ministry and bureaus. The training has given by (MOFED) in collaboration with different organization.NEWA Provides training on government budget processes, gender budgeting and tracking on developed M&E tools to women & women groups .There has been significant progress in strengthening public financial management and budget execution. Expenditure Management and Control Programme have been implemented to coordinate and monitor progress on public financial management reforms.

RecommendationsThe initiated Gender Responsive Budget Programs should be strengthened.Women machineries, GE advocates in the formulation and monitoring of action plans should be strengthened with regard to Ownership and mutual accountability.The PBS Project that is designed to expand and sustain the basic human development programmes and that underscores citizen participation in social accountability could serve as model for gender responsive aid effectiveness. adequate resources to enable women and women organization to intervene effectively interms of ensuring Acc. and Ownership.

Recomendationaid flows should be properly captured in the budget as well as enable the government to publish details of aid received from the development partners on a regular basis.Develop a more systematic flow of information and better colaboration between government and CSOs to make Aid modalities effective towards GE.

Thank you.