paola neira n.. philology study of languages describes a common acestor proto original form source...
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Paola Neira N.
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Philology Study of languages
Describes a common
acestor
PROTO Original form
Source of modern languages
Indian Sub-continent
(INDO)
Europe(EUROPEAN)
PROTO-INDO-EUROPEAN
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COGNATES
Connection between different languages
Common ancestor in the Proto-Indo-European
Close similarities In languages.
Words with similar form and meaning in different languages
English
German
Mother – father - friend
Mutter – vater - freund
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Comparative Reconstruction
To reconstruct the proto-form in the common ancestral
language
Principles
Mayority Most natural development
Retains the original sound
Minority changesthrough time
Sound changes
Are common
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OLD ENGLISH
Early form of the English languages(angles, saxons and jutes tribes)
Anglo- saxons(PAGAN)
CHRISTIANITY Religion(LATIN)
Vikings
Old norse
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Middle English
Norman French arrivedin England
The rulingclass
English French
Lower class’language
Official language of England
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Spoken since the Great Vowel ShiftQuality of vowel sounds Modern English
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Sounds Changes
Quality of vowel sounds
Metathesis Epenthesis Prothesis
Reversal en positionof two adjoining
sounds
Addition of a soundto the middle of
a word
Addition of a sound to the beggining of
a word
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SyntacticchangeDifferences between
the structureof sentences
Loss of alarge number of
inflectionalaffixes
OldEnglish
Middle English
Wordorder
V-S-O S-V-O
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Lexical Changes
Broadening Narrowing
Dog (all breeds)
Docga (particular breed)
Hund (any kind of dog)
Hound (specific breeds)
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Process of changeChanges caused
by wars, invasions,and others.
Process of cultural
transmition
Types of variation
Diachronically Synchronically
Historical perspective of
change throughtime
Study of alanguage at a
given pointin time