panl doe pholed 2012-luminaires
TRANSCRIPT
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ENERGY SAVING PHOSPHORESCENT OLED LUMINAIRES DE-EE0004534
M. S. Weaver, P. Levermore, V. Adamovich, R. Ma, M. Hack and J. J. Brown Universal Display Corporation
M. Lu Acuity Brands Lighting
2012 DOE SOLID-STATE LIGHTING R&D WORKSHOP, ATLANTA 1
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ation
2 Multiple High Growth Markets for OLEDs
Today 2012+
Display
Smart Phones / Tablet TV
Lower power consumption
Superior display aesthetics
Thinner form factor
Cost advantages at scale
Thinner form factor
Better display contrast
Wider viewing angle
Perfect for 3D TV
2012 / 2013+
Lighting
PHOLEDs are more energy efficient
Diffuse, pleasing light source
Thinner form factor
Environmentally friendly Lower power
consumption
Less heat gener
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3 Why the excitement About OLED Lighting
• Energy efficient – environmentally friendly • Ultra-low operating temperatures • Low drive voltage • Long lifetime
• Highly desirable color quality • Wide range of CCT, CRI possible • Color tunable • Instant “ON” , Dimmable without flicker • No glare, no noise
• Novel form factor • Thin and lightweight • Transparent • Non-breakable, Flexible, Rollable…..
Acuity Brands RevelTM, -- five panel luminaire
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4 Program goals
Technical goals • Fabricate all phosphorescent OLED luminaire
using 15 cm x 15 cm panels • High efficacy (>70 lm/W) • Color tunable between 2,700K and 4,000K • CIE meets Energy Star Criteria for SSL • CRI >85 • LT70 >25,000 h at Lo=2,700 cd/m2 (6,000 lm/m2)
Commercial goal: • Develop prototype luminaires ready for
commercialization
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5 OLED Performance Design Rules
OLED Power Efficacy LER x IQE x EEF x OC LER = Luminous Efficacy of Radiation ( = Max efficacy of emission spectra) IQE = Internal Quantum Efficiency EEF = Electrical Efficiency ( = Optical Energy Gap – Applied Voltage) OC = Outcoupling Efficiency
OLED Lifetime
Higher Efficacy
Lower Temperature
Longer Lifetime
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Phosphorescence Is Core to Energy Efficient OLEDs 6
Phosphorescent OLEDs* - PHOLEDs
• Radiation is from triplet excitons, i.e., 4 of 4 spin states or ~100% IQE
• Fluorescent OLEDs emit through singlets, limiting the IQE
• Impact of PHOLEDs: Minimizes required drive current to achieve High power efficacy Less heat generation Longer lifetime
* M.A. Baldo, et. al., Nature., 1998
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7 General Designs for White OLEDs
WOLED SOLED STRIPES
White OLED Stacked (or Tandem) Color Tunable 1-3 emitters
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Pixel Efficacy: UDC Status & Targets
Pixel Efficacy = LER x IQE x OC x EEF
LER = Luminous Efficacy of Radiation ( = Max efficacy of emission spectra) IQE = Internal Quantum Efficiency OC = Outcoupling Efficiency EEF = Electrical Efficiency Factor ( = Optical Energy Gap – Applied Voltage)
UDC Status UDC Target and Practical Limit LER [lm/W] 327 350 IQE [%] ~85% 95% OC [%] ~40% 60% EEF [%] ~70% 90% Pixel Efficacy [lm/W] 80 (at 1,000 cd/m2) 180 (at 3,000 cd/m2)
White PHOLEDs already emit with IQE 100% at low luminance. Challenge is to maintain IQE 95% at 3,000 cd/m2.
UDC White OLED Pixel Efficacy Target = 180 lm/W
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9 New White PHOLED Material System – 85 lm/W
Pixel 2 mm2
Without Outcoupling
With Outcoupling
Efficacy [lm/W] 40 85
CRI [Ra] 85 -
Luminance [cd/m2] 1,000 1,000
EQE [%] 23 46
Voltage [V] 3.8 3.6
Duv 0.004 -
CCT [K] 2,740 -
Efficacy Enhancement 1.00 2.12x
LT70 [hrs] 12,000 35,000
EL In
tens
ity [W
/sr/m
2 ]
0.12
0.10
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750
Wavelength [nm]
*Acceleration Factor AF = 1.477 *Outcoupling data measured with 50 mm x 50 mm x 12 mm block *Chromaticity measured at 10 mA/cm2.
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10 White PHOLEDs in UDC Pilot Line
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180 UDC Pixel Efficacy (2 mm2) UDC Panel Efficacy (15 cm x 15 cm) U.S. DOE Panel Performance Projection (15 cm x 15 cm)
Pow
er E
ffic
acy
[lm/W
]
Incandescent bulbs (10 - 12 lm/W, 1 khr)
Fluorescent tubes (40 - 70 lm/W, 25 khrs)
86 lm/W, 25 khrs at 6k lm/m2
125 lm/W, 50 khrs at 10k lm/m2
168 lm/W, 100 khrs at 10k lm/m2
3,000 cd/m2 ≈ 10,000 lm/m2
LED Lamps (60 - 80 lm/W, 50 khrs)
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11 General Designs for White OLEDs
WOLED SOLED STRIPES
White OLED Stacked (or Tandem) Color Tunable 1-3 emitters
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12
5
30
Example Red PHOLED performance
LE [cd/A] PE [lm/W]
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
140
Lum
inou
s Ef
ficie
ncy
[Cd/
A]
25
Pow
er E
ffica
cy [l
m/W
]
EL n
orm
aliz
ed [a
.u.]
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
30 20
15 20
10
10
0 0 0 400 450 500 550 600 650 700
Wavelength [nm] Luminance [cd/m2]
1931 CIE
x y λ max [nm]
FWHM [nm]
0.66 0.34 620 56
Luminance [cd/m2]
Voltage [V]
LE [cd/A]
EQE [%]
PE [lm/W]
LT70% [h]
1,000 2.9 29.0 24.5 31.4 270,000
2,900 3.3 27.4 23.1 25.7 30,000
Data reported without any added outcoupling enhancement
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13 Example Green PHOLED performance
90112080
LE [cd/A] PE [lm/W]
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Luminance [cd/m2]
0.2
0.4
0.6
EL n
orm
aliz
ed [a
.u.]
Lum
inou
s Ef
ficie
ncy
[Cd/
A]
70
60
50
40
30
0.8100
Pow
er E
ffica
cy [l
m/W
]
80
60
40
20 20 010 400 450 500 550 600 650 700
Wavelength [nm] 0 0
1931 CIE
x y λ max [nm]
FWHM [nm]
0.41 0.58 544 66
Luminance [cd/m2]
Voltage [V]
LE [cd/A]
EQE [%]
PE [lm/W]
LT70% [h]
1,000 2.8 85.6 23.4 97.5 600,000 2,800 3.0 83.1 22.7 87.0 100,000
Data reported without any added outcoupling enhancement
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14 Example Blue BD412 PHOLED performance
60 60 155
50 50
LE [cd/A] PE [lm/W]
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
0.2
0.4
0.6
EL n
orm
aliz
ed [a
.u.]
400 450 500 550 600 650 700
Lum
inou
s Ef
ficac
y [c
d/A]
0.845 40 40
Pow
er E
ffica
cy [l
m/W
]
35
30 30 25 20 20 15
10 10
5 00 0
Wavelength [nm] Luminance [cd/m2]
1931 CIE
x y λ max [nm]
FWHM [nm]
0.18 0.40 476 56
Luminance [cd/m2]
Voltage [V]
LE [cd/A]
EQE [%]
PE [lm/W]
LT70% [h]
1,000 5.6 50.4 22.0 28.1 9,000
550 5.1 52.2 22.7 31.9 27,000
Data reported without any added outcoupling enhancement
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15 RGB performance status and program goals
Color 1931 CIE (x, y) Luminance [cd/m2]
Efficacy [lm/W] Lifetime LT70 [h]
Target Status Target Status
Red 0.64 ≤ x ≤ 0.68 0.30 ≤ y ≤ 0.35 2,900 > 25 26 > 25,000 32,000
Green 0.30 ≤ x ≤ 0.50 0.40 ≤ y ≤ 0.65 2,750 > 80 87 > 25,000 100,000
Blue 0.15 ≤ x ≤ 0.20 0.30 ≤ y ≤ 0.40 550 > 30 32 > 25,000 27,000
Data in table reported without any added outcoupling enhancement
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Panel Design
All layers & Cathode Contacts
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Preliminary individual stripe performance in panel
EL
Inte
nsity
[W/s
r/m2 ]
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.00
Blue Green Red
400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750
Wavelength [nm]
B stripe G stripe R stripe 1000cd/m2
(0.171, 0.390) 53 cd/A 4.4 V
38 lm/W
1000 cd/m2
(0.412, 0.575) 63 cd/A 2.7 V
74 lm/W
1000 cd/m2
(0.622, 0.374) 30 cd/A 3.0 V
31 lm/W
Data reported without any added outcoupling enhancement
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Preliminary 15 cm x 15 cm Panel Performance
400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 0.0000
0.0002
0.0004
0.0006
0.0008
0.0010 E
L In
tens
ity [W
/sr/m
2 ] 2780 K 3350 K
Wavelength [nm]
Luminance [cd/m2]
Light Output [lm]
CIE 1931 (x, y) CRI CCT
[K] Duv Efficacy [lm/W]
1000 35 (0.462, 0.426) 90 2,800 0.005 54
1000 34 (0.421, 0.413) 81 3,400 0.006 54
*Emissive Area = 115 cm2
*All data includes light extraction enhancement achieved using a 12 mm thickness light extraction system
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Example panel spectra and panel color gamut
• Color tunable between 2500K to 4000K
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Initial prototype striped panel images
Stripes panel
Stripes panel + diffuser over half of panel
Stripes panel + diffuser
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Luminaire Design #1 Features
Design #1 sculpts a ceiling with brightness and texture. Each luminaire creates a lattice design that will seamlessly integrate in a variety of architectural settings. Designed to mount in a 2’ x 4’ ceiling grid. Also compatible with 2’ x 2’ ceiling grids.
Candlepower Distribution
• 30 OLED panels • 3645 lumens • 1214 cd @ 0° • 58 Watts • 63 lpw
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Luminaire Design #2 Features
Design #2 is an elegant arc of OLED illumination that gestures downward to the occupant, giving the sense of an illuminated canopy of light. Mounts to ceiling surface with a single mounting point, simplifying installation. Compatible with grid ceiling applications.
Candlepower Distribution
• 32 OLED panels • 4320 lumens • 1439 cd @ 0° • 62 Watts • 70 lpw
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Typical Applications
Office Retail
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Summary & Future Work
Program proceeding well to fabricate color tunable PHOLED luminaires
- Pixel performance exceeds program goals - First color tunable (2500K – 4000K) panels fabricated - Current panel efficacy = 54 lm/W at 1,000 cd/m2
- Further panel optimization in progress - Luminaire designs completed - On target to deliver color tunable luminaires in 2012 that meet the
program specs
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26 Acknowledgements
ENTIRE UDC TEAM
SUPPORT IN PART FROM US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (IN ADDITION TO DE-EE0004534)
DE-SC0002122, DE-EE0006266, DE-EE0003253, DE-SC0004281, DE-SC0004282, DE, FG02-08ER85082
Thank you!