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International programs

and veterinary publichealth in the America ---

success,challenges andpossibilities

Presented by---

HARNEET KAUR 

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PAHO is based in Washington, D.C., and has scientificand technical experts at its headquarters, in its 27country offices, and its nine scientific centers, allworking with the countries of Latin America and

the Caribbean in dealing with priority health issues. Thehealth authorities of Paho's Member States set PAHO's

technical and administrative policies through itsGoverning Bodies. PAHO Member States include all 35countries in the Americas; Puerto Rico is an AssociateMember. France, the Kingdom of the Netherlands, and

the United Kingdom of Great Britain and NorthernIreland are Participating States,

and Portugal and Spain are Observer States.

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• The Organization's essential mission is tostrengthen national and local health systemsand improve the health of the peoples of the

• Americas, in collaboration with Ministries of Health, other government and internationalagencies, nongovernmental organizations,universities, social security agencies,community groups, and many others.

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• PAHO promotes primary health care strategies,which reach people in their communities, toextend health services to all and to increaseefficiency in the use of scarce resources. Itassists countries in fighting old diseases thathave re-emerged, such

as cholera, dengue and tuberculosis, and newdiseases such as the spreading AIDS epidemic,providing technical cooperation includingeducation and social communications support,

promoting work with non-governmentalorganizations, and support for programs toprevent transmission of communicablediseases.

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• INTRODUCTION

• PAHO was founded in 1902 and is probably theoldest international health organization in theworld

• It was started as an agency that would collect

and disseminate information on infectiousdiseases that were occurring in the AMERICA and disseminate it so that countries could takethe necessary quarantine measures

• In 1924 it got legal establishment as PAN AMERICAN SANITARY CODE

• Which established principles for sanitary

practice in AMERICA 

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continue

• After formation of W.H.O in 1948 pahobecomes its regional office for AMERICA 

• PAHO serves as the specialized healthagency both for the organization of  AMERICAN states and the UNITEDNATION

• PAHO has 38 members states,all of whichparticipate in its governance, and it has aphysical presence in almost every country

in the region of the AMERICAS

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• PAHO health organization save as catalyst forintegrated action especially between the health andagriculture sector where function and resourcesrelated to zoonoses and food safety are often

dispersed and separated• PAHO has a two specialized centre: PANAFTOSA in Rio

de janerio,BRAZIL in 1950 and Pan AMERICANZoonoses center(CEPANZO) in Bueno Aires Argentina

in 1956 which in 1991 became the Pan americaninstitute for food protection and zoonoses(INPPAZ),thePan american centres of excellence formed aintegral part of the PAHO veterinary public health

programs

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Contiue… 

• The PAHO/WHO• Representative Offices have advisers on staff,

while 150 regular staff members, including

50 professionals, work at Headquarters, at theCenters, and in the countries.

• The 21PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centers in

 Veterinary Public Health, located inuniversitiesor research centers around theRegion, participate in the cooperation

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Continue..

• For the political support essential to technicalcooperation, the Veterinary PublicHealth Unithas the Inter-American Meeting, at the

Ministerial Level, on Health and• Agriculture (RIMSA), the only regional forum at

the highest political level for collaboration and

coordination between the health andagriculture sectors

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Continue… 

• Other forums at the highest political level, inaddition to RIMSA, are: the

• Hemispheric Committee for the Eradication of Foot-and-mouth Disease (COHEFA) and

• the Pan American Commission for Food Safety(COPAIA), which bring together

• representatives of food/livestock producers andconsumer groups.

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THE VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTHUNIT AT PAHO

• IN 1945,PAHO director HUGH CUMMING,received areport of an outbreak of anthrax in haiti that had killedthousand of animals and infected a large number of humans ,resulting in extensive illness.this occurrence

of disease confirmed the need for PAHO to haveactivities related to veterinary science.

• In 1946 ,PAHO received a request to investgate anoutbreak of equine encephalomyelities in panama.Thesame yr, an outbreak of fmd occurred in mexio whichkilled a number of animals in that country andthreatened the cattle industry and economies of the

CENTRAL AMERICA countries

i j l 1 1949 it l d t di ti f bi b th

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in july 1 1949,it lead to eradication of rabies on bothsedies othe US-MEXICO border

The success of making technical resource avilable toreduce and eliminate outbreaks of anthrax,rabies and

equine encephalities to meet request from memberstate director of PAHO dr FRED SOPER designated drBENJAMIN D BLOOD a US veterinarian to organizeprogram whose first task was to “collect and compileinformation from each PAN AMERICAN NATIONconcerning facilities available.

Paho is an intergoverment organization whose staff members,includeing those in vph are concideredinternational civil servants.The staff provides technical

cooperation and works with rheir nationalcounterparts to solve national and local problems.theydo not intervene directly with their technical expertise,but instead have to persuade and convience theircounterparts and the respective national authorities.

I 1980 1990 t PAHO t i i

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In 1980 an 1990 t ePAHO veterinary pu ichealth concentrated its technical cooperation onseveral,specific strategie imperatves:theelimination of dog transmitted human rabies,hemisheric eradication of foot and mouth disease,• Regional action planning for food safety,control

of bovine TB and brucellosis,and surveillanceand prevention of emerging zoonoses and foot-

borne diseases• One of the central strtegies of PAHO technical

cooperation is the promotion and application of appropriate technology, defined by WHO as”a

technology that is scientifically sound, culturallyacceptable and acost that the community canafford.”  

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• The mission of the Veterinary Public Health Unit of PAHO is to support theMember States in theirnational programs for:

• the surveillance, prevention, and control of zoonoses important to public health;

• the prevention of foodborne diseases;

• the safety of food for human consumption;

• the promotion of animal health to boost productionand productivity and thus, the

• food supply and socioeconomic development;

• environmental protection to deal with potentialthreats to public health deriving

• from livestock production and pet ownership;

• the development of biomedical models for health

research and the conservation of primates

T ree Pan American centres ave een

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T ree Pan American centres ave eencoordinated and supervised by the coordinator of the vph unit,namely the Pan American Foot andMouth Disease,(panftosa),CEPANZO closed in1991,INPAZ..• PAFAFTOSA..

• The first centre under the units

coordination was panftosa ,established inRio de Janerio in 1951.paho contractedexperts from europe to commence thetraining of a group of highly qualified

LATIN AMERICAN professionals..its mainachievements are as follows:

• Development of diagnostic methodology

• Creation of an oil adjuvant FMD vaccine

E t bli h t d di ti f th ti t l

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• Establishment and coodination of the continentalvesicular diseases information and surveillancesystem(sivcont)in 1973

• Implement of the hemisheric plan for eradication of 

foot and mouth disease in 1988• Promotion of a managerial aaproach between official

and private sectors• In 20006 several countries and regions in south

america are free of FMD,a status internatinallyrecognized by the World organization for animalhealth CHILEis free withoutvaccination.Argenina,Uruguay,Paraguay, northwest of Colombia,and two-third of the territory of brazil are

free from FMD• Brazil became the world’s biggest fresh beef exporter

in 2004 and is the biggest supporter of paho vphprogram

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•  Another accomplishment is the elimination of dogtransmitted human rabies in latin america ,a programlaunched in 1983.

• Initially the goal was to eliminate rabies through massdog vaccination campaigns in capital cities and urbanareas where more than 90% of human cases weredue to exposure to dog rabies.

• By 1995,19 of the 21 capital cities in LATIN americawere rabies free

• In the lsast 20 yrs ,the number of cases of human dog

rabies were reduced by 90% ,from average of 335annual cases of to 35

•  Around 4 million dogs are vaccinated every year and90% of the vaccines used are still the Fuenzalida-

Palacios SMB vaccine

A th i th t h b tibl t di t t th

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•  Another zoonosis that has been susceptible to eradicate at theveterinary level is hydatidosis in the endemic countries andregions of the southern corne.

• Uruguay used tohave the highest rate of human hydatidosis in

the world until a 5phase ,self sustaining program was launchedin 1990 that brought the number of human surgical cases from550 prior to the program to 246 in 1999

• Successful local program are ongoing in the provinces of RioNEGgro,CHUBUT, and TIERRA 

• New vaccines against the parasite are also being field tested in ARGENTINA and CHILE

• The VPH program of PAHO pioneered the mobilization of theprivate sector to participate in official program

• Paho invited the representatives of national livestock producerof member state in consultation with their respectivegovernment .to jointly participate with the official sector in themeetings of South American Comission for control of FOOTand MOUTH disease (COSALFA)

• PAN AMERICAN ZOONOSES CENTRE

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• PAN AMERICAN ZOONOSES CENTRE• The council analysed the proposal and considering not only the

importance of the livestock industry to the economies of thecountries in the region but also the threats posed by diseasestransmissible from vetebrate animals to humans

• The paho member states ,with argentina as aprincipal,contributor,determined that CEPANZO’S fundamentalmission was to support programmes devoted to the control of zoonoses,food hygiene and the provision of trainaing resourceswith the creation of a centre devoted to theses activities.

•  Activites of the Centre commenced in august 1956 in facilitiesprovided by Argentina

• CEPANZOS technical cooperation services to the countries of the americas were extended to other zoonoses.

• In 1967,the Centre provided cooperation in the following areas:rabies, equineencephalitis,brucellosis,leptospirosis,tuberculosis,hydatidosis,food microbiology and hygiene ststistics,training including animalhealth planning,epidemiological surveillance,labortory animalscience

• INTER AMERICAN INSTITUTE FOR FOOD PROTECTION AND

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• INTER AMERICAN INSTITUTE FOR FOOD PROTECTION ANDZOONOSES

• FOOD protection is one of the most important priorities forhealth and agriculture sectors in practically all countries,so

keeping this in mind Pan American Institute for FoodProtection And

ZOONOSES was formed in 1991 n CEPAZO was reorganized

FOOD protection is one of the most important priorities for healthand agriculture sectors in many countries,given millions of human cases of diarrhoea caused by food borne disease andbillions tonnes of food wasted each year from contaminationand improper handling

The scope of action of vph in this sector ensure the safety of food

throught the entire processs from production ,processing anddistribution for example HACCP,GMP and other methods ininspection services

Principle role of this centre was to reduce risks to publhealthfromfoodborne diseases

• V t i bli h lth h ll d ibiliti

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•  Veterinary public health challenges and possibilities

• The challenge which is mostly confront such as theemerging zoonoses and the clear and present threat

of avian influenza causing what many predict couldbecome a worldwide human pandemic

• In addition to this all of the potential bioterrorismagents are zoonoses

• In food safety ,veterinarian have the marginal edge inthe strategy of “from farm to table”  

• With constant threat of old and new zoonoses surely itis both cost beneficial and cost effective to control

zoonoses at the veterinary level,providing the first lineof defense before they spill over human

• The challenge to apply research results andknowledge toward improving social disparity and

contributing to national development

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• Leader are neeeded who will consolidate theaccomplishments and successes and bring

them to new and greater heights• Veterinarian in public health who will be in the

forefront of policy setting, decision making and

allocation of resources and veterinarian whowiil articulate and provide a strategic directionto our unique professional skills and thusconsolidate our leadership role in the highlycompetitive field of animal and human health

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THANK U