panel: “the role of government in communications”

Panel: “The Role of Government in Communications”

Moderator:

Robert Reisner, President, Transformation Strategies, Inc

Panelists:

Farah Abdalla, Innovation Expert

Richard John, Professor Columbia Journalism School at Columbia

University

Judith Resnik, Arthur Liman Professor of Law at Yale Law School

The Civic Mandate of the United States Postal Service,

1792 to the Present

Richard R. John

Washington, D. C. PostalVision 2020

April 2013

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“For the purpose of diffusing knowledge, as well as extending the living principle of government to every part of the united states—every state—city—county—village—and township in the union, should be tied together by means of the post-office. This is the true non-electric wire of government. It is the only means of conveying heat and light to every individual in the federal commonwealth…..It should be a constant injunction to the postmasters, to convey newspapers free of all charge for postage. They are not only the vehicles of knowledge and intelligence, but the centinels of the liberties of our country.”

Benjamin Rush, American Museum, January 1787

"To dream that such a system can be set in motion and kept in motion by individual enterprise, and can act as cheaply and regularly for the whole country, and for all mailable matter, without great central regulations, armed with official power, and penalties, is to dream as wildly as in the tales of the Arabian Nights. Private enterprise might succeed in a compact territory, with forty or fifty people to the square mile, or two or three hundred, and, in some places, thousands--amid the din of spindles and the rattle of pavements--and for light and small letters; but what could it do for the county of Coos, or Tioga, or for Iowa, and Florida, and Oregon.”

Levi Woodbury, jury charge, 1847

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Anton Refregier, “History of San Francisco,” Rincon Center Postal Annex, San Francisco

S

Enabling the digital economy: Postal services of the 21st century

Farah Abdallah, PhD

Innovation expert

Postal services of the 21st century

E-communication

E-finance

E-government

E-commerce

E-government

services

Rise of entrepre-neurship

and SMEs

International e-

commmerce and trade

Digital and financial inclusion

Cyber-security issues

Inter-connection of services

and networks

Efficient and

affordable distribution

network

Inclusive Information society

Opportunities

Digital

economy

Challenges

The government leveraging postal services to break through

the challenges of the digital economy

• Malaysia Post has transformed its posts

offices in rural areas as community

broadband centers

• Open in association with the Ministry of

Communications, Science and Technology

(MCST)

• According to UPU statistics, more than 60

Posts worldwide are offering public internet

access point in over 31,000 post offices,

connecting the nations to the digital economy

Improve Productivity

NATIONAL

Competitiveness

Balanced Development

CONSUMERS

Service Satisfaction

EMPLOYEES

Professionalism

ENVIRONMENT

Less Carbon Emission

NPS (2010-2014)

National Postal Strategy

An inclusive Information Society:

Posts as business and communication centers

Postepay pre-paid cards

Poste Italiane

Poste Mobile

• First postal company worldwide to become Mobile

virtual network operator with PosteMobile

• In 3 years, Poste Mobile has achieved a record of

over 2.2 million SIM cards sold

• 75% of customers are also using their mobile

phones to make payments and to transfer money

(similar to Safaricom/M-PESA levels)

Postepay

• Postepay prepaid card introduced in 2003

• Most outstanding success in Poste Italiane’s recent

history

• 7 million people use Postepay cards today

• Allows for payments online and at POS and

withdrawals at ATMs

Poste Mobile Customers can:

• Access their BancoPosta

accounts (postal savings)

• Pay bills

• Reload postepay prepaid cards

• Send international remittances

through Moneygram

• Top up mobile phones

An inclusive Information Society:

Inclusive financial services

• one-stop shops

• single sign-on

• e-forms, documents, certificates

• organization- spanning processes

• elimination of barriers

• limiting losses

• e-commerce:

• procurement, sale

• invoicing, payment

• education

• e-health

• secure e-mail

• social netwo

• identity theft & fraud

• cyber crime

• spam

• Abuse

1- Proof of identity

2- Proof of function

3-Universal identifier

(UID)

E-government services:

Electronic identity

• The government and post of Tunisia partnered to

provide M@ilPost service to support the

implementation of the e-government strategy and the

WSIS goals.

• M@ilPost offer citizens:

• A universal free secure email service linked to

the physical address and identity of the customer

• A postal digital box, dedicated to the electronic

reception and storage of government and

administrative documents, bills, mail from social

and educational institutions, and others

• A secure multi-channel delivery available 7/7

and 24h of communication (mail, SMS; MMS,

Web,..) using encryption techniques and UPU

standards (S-43, S-52)

40 000 users in

year 1

E-government services:

Electronic mail box service

International e-commmerce and trade

Posts provide e-commerce portals:

Saudi Arabia, Korea, Malaysia, Tunisia, Brazil,

France to empower SMEs affordable access to

e-commerce market

Benefits:

• Inclusion: rural areas/underserved communities

sell and buy products through the e-mall

• Government policy set the rule for national

economy development and product selection

• Post can make sure that suppliers are reliable

• Product quality inspection and offering

accurate information

• Customer support and call center

• Competitive prices

• Portal is accessible in post offices, on the

internet, on mobile phones etc.

• Access to international markets

(2) Order Korean

agricultural

product through

the Internet

(3) Safe

Delivery

Korea post:

• 7,200 items were displayed in 2009

• Achieving 135 million US dollars

sales in 2009

• Growth of the number of

participating companies (100 times

more than at the initial stage)

International e-commmerce and trade

E-commerce portal

Rise of entrepreneurship and SMEs

“Exporting by Mail”: The South American

experience

• « Easy export » (Exporta Facil): trade

facilitation through the postal network

• Cooperation with the World Bank and the

Inter-American Development Bank

• The governments initiated the program to

boost the competitiveness of MSMEs and

facilitate for them access to international

markets

• The post is a key partner to simplify

physical export processes using ICTs

(logistics, information, training)

• A UPU study showed that the service is

more widely used in poorer areas.

0.1612.23

30.75

43.88

62.35

100.71

121.50

154.22

175.14

204.86

184.12

238.65

254,00

0

30

60

90

120

150

180

210

240

270

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

November

Actual Estimated

Graph: Export volumes using Exporta Fácil service in Brazil (all operators, in

million USD)

• About 10 000 businesses that have

never export before were able to

access external markets.

• In Peru, within 6 months, 300 firms

(SMEs) have used the service,

300,000 USD worth of good,

monthly rate of increase of 30%

Inventing Democratic Government: the Post, the Press, and the Courts

prepared for

The Role of Government in Communication

Judith Resnik Yale Law School

© All Rights Reserved

Postal Vision 2020Washington, DCApril 24, 2013

PostalVision, April 24, 2013, rev. April 19, 2013

These materials relate to the book Representing Justice: Invention, Controversy, and Rights in City-States and Democratic Courtrooms, by Judith Resnik and Dennis E. Curtis (Yale University Press, 2011).

United States Custom House, Galveston, Texas. Supervising Architect: Ammi B. Young, 1861; converted for use as a federal courthouse in 1917.

Image reproduced courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration.

1

United States Post Office (United States Court House and Post Office), Denver, ( ), ,Colorado, 1892. Supervising Architects: Mifflin E. Bell and Will. A. Freret.

Image reproduced courtesy of the Denver Public Library, Western History Collection, , WH-1573. Photographer: Wm. Henry Jackson.

2

United States Post Office and Courthouse, renamed in 1994 the Byron R. White United States Courthouse, Denver, Colorado. Architects: Tracy, Swartwout & Litchfield, 1916.


3

Article III Authorized Judgeships: District, Circuit, and Supreme Courts,

Judgeships1901, 1950, 2001

Judgeships

665700

District Court

Court of Appeals

500

600Court of Appeals

Supreme Court

300

400

212179200

300

70

28

65

9 9 90

100

Total judgeships

1901: 107

Total judgeships

1950: 286

Total judgeships

2001: 853

© Judith Resnik 2011

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Civil and Criminal Filings in United States District Courts, 1901 1950 20011901, 1950, 2001

300,000

Criminal

Filings

254,523

200 000

250,000Civil

150,000

200,000

63,47354,622

100,000

16,73437,720

11,971

0

50,000

Total Total TotalTotal 1901:

28,705

Total 1950:

92,342

Total 2001:

317,996\

© Judith Resnik 2011

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Thomas F. Eagleton Federal Courthouse, St. Louis, Missouri, 2000. Architects: Hellmuth, Obata + Kassabaum, Inc. Photographer: The Honorable David D. Noce, U.S. Magistrate d f h i i f i i h h f d d d i hJudge for the Eastern District of Missouri. Photograph courtesy of and reproduced with

the permission of the photographer.

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Example of cellular phone contract, 2002Example of cellular phone contract, 2002

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United States Post Office and Courthouse, renamed in 1994 the Byron R. White United States Courthouse, Denver, Colorado. Architects: Tracy, Swartwout & Litchfield, 1916.


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“Post Office Buildings with Character, and Maybe a Sale Price”

Pictures accompanying the article by Robin Pogrebin, New York Times, March 8, 2013.

Photographs by the capital Newspaper (Annapolis); Christopher Gregory/The New York Times (Washington); Fred R Conrad/ The New York Times (Norwich and Westchester)Times (Washington); Fred R. Conrad/ The New York Times (Norwich and Westchester)

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Utilities, Agendas, Democratic Ideologies: g gRedistributive Egalitarianism

“The Postal Service shall have as its basic function the obligation to provide postal services to bind the Nation together through the personal, educational,Nation together through the personal, educational, literary, and business correspondence of the people. It shall provide prompt, reliable, and efficient services to patrons in all areas and shall render postal services to all communities.”

39 U.S.C § 101 (a) (1970/ 2012)

The British Post Office Department is the “most majestic system of public education which was j y pever set on foot anywhere.”

Edward Everett Hale, 1891

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People “in every corner of the country” are able to send “at reasonable cost and with reasonable effort” letters and documents that will be delivered “within a reasonable period of timedelivered within a reasonable period of time and almost complete security.”

James I. Campbell, Jr., Universal Service Obligation 21, in POSTAL REGULATORYgCOMMISSION, REPORT ON UNIVERSAL POSTAL SERVICE

AND THE POSTAL MONOPOLY, app B (2008).

“Member states shall ensure the . . . permanent provision of a postal service of a specified quality at all points in their territory at affordable

i f ll [ h h ] h i lprices for all users . . . [such that] the universal service provider(s) guarantee(s) every working day . . . one delivery to the home . . . [for] postal items ”items . . . .

Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council, 97/67/EC,15 December 1997, Article 3

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Transnational Mail: Inventing the Universal Postal Union

Signatories to this Treaty “form a single postal territory for the reciprocal exchange ofterritory for the reciprocal exchange of correspondence.”

1874 Treaty of Berne, Article I.

“The right of transit is guaranteed throughout the entire territory of the Union ”entire territory of the Union.

1874 Convention of Berne, Article X

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Wayne Thiebaud, Office Still Life, 1980Oil on canvas, 16 x 20 inchesCollection of Wayne and Betty Jean Thiebaud

Art © Wayne Thiebaud / Licensed by VAGA, New York, NY

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panel: “the role of government in communications”

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