Palmer High School  

  2020-2021 

Program of Studies

Palmer Public Schools

4105 Main Street Palmer, MA 01069-1868

Phone: 413-283-6511 Fax: 413-283-3476

Superintendent

Ms. Patricia Gardner

Administration Mrs. Susan North, Principal

Ms. Constance Mahoney, Assistant Principal

Guidance Ms. Kristina Dobiecki, School Counselor

Ms. Bethany Menard, Adjustment Counselor Mrs. Taunya Neilsen, School Counselor

Ms. Melissa Rocker, Adjustment Counselor

Guidance Office (413) 283-2625

School Committee: Mrs. Lisa Murray, Chair

Ms. Bonny Rathbone, Vice Chair Mr. Gary Blanchette Ms. Sandra Noonan Mr. Charles Baker

The Palmer Public Schools provides Equal Educational and Employment Opportunities without regard

to race, color, sex, religion, national origin, sexual orientation, and disability.

If you need assistance translating this document into a language other than English, please contact the district’s Director of Student Services at (413)283-2650.

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PRINCIPAL'S MESSAGE

Dear Parents/Guardians and Students:

This annual document is the Program of Studies that lists the courses that will be offered at Palmer High School for the upcoming school year. Students need to use this document as a guide to help plan their courses carefully for the following school year.

We believe that every student needs to earn a diploma and make choices that best fit their needs to be a successful community member. Some students will attend a two or four year college; others will enter the military or enter the workforce. We encourage you to use this document to make informed decisions about your high school career and course selections. As you continue through high school, refer back to this document to be sure you are completing your graduation requirements and are eligible for the classes you wish to take.

Palmer High School offers challenging and rigorous courses including AP and Honors classes. There is also a School to Career Program that allows juniors and seniors the opportunity to experience internships / externships, both inside Palmer Public Schools and within our business community. We offer Edgenuity, which is a research-based online program that is aligned to state standards and the MA Common Core to encourage all students to graduate.

Each student is responsible for meeting the graduation requirements that are listed in this document. The guidance department will provide support to students to determine the best classes to take. We encourage you to visit the Guidance Office to seek additional information to assist you in this process. The more information you have, the better decisions you will make along the way.

Families are an integral part of the process and we encourage you to read through this information and take an active part in your child’s / children’s course of studies. Your input is a valuable part of their education. Together we will help all of our students meet their goals and reach their highest potential. Please call the guidance department if you have any questions at 283-2625.

Thank you,

Susan North  Principal

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PALMER HIGH SCHOOL

Core Values and Expectations All students who enroll in Palmer High School will graduate with the skills necessary to succeed in college or in other post-secondary training. Palmer High School is a community of learners, committed to preparing all students for living, learning, and working in the modern global era. The school community at large mentors and takes responsibility for the success of all its members.

Planning Your High School Program Planning your academic program involves making important decisions and requires a great deal of thought. It is difficult to make changes in your program the following school year because many classes become filled. Please speak to your counselor and your parents and make the best decisions you can when choosing your program of studies. Parents and students often experience confusion about how to properly prepare for admission to college. The Board of Higher Education in the State of Massachusetts has adopted very specific minimum standards for entrance into the state universities and colleges, and although these requirements are the minimum, they may be used as a guideline by which a student can develop a high school program on which s/he can base an application to virtually any college in the country. Honors/Advanced Placement Honors: A more advanced course designed to challenge the motivated student with faster paced and more in-depth skill development. These courses are weighted at an additional 5 points. Advanced Placement: Advanced Placement (AP) courses give students the opportunity to pursue college-level studies while still in secondary school and to receive advanced placement and / or credit upon entering a college. The AP courses follow a College Board approved syllabus. The purpose of these subjects is to encourage students to take challenging courses. Students must be recommended by subject teachers for these courses. Students need to be aware that these subjects will demand much more than average effort. These courses are weighted at an additional 10 points. Guidance Services The primary function of the Guidance Staff is to help you plan for the future. Counselors are available to assist students to understand themselves so that educational and vocational planning will be based upon sound information. The Guidance Office is the place where you can go to talk about yourself. The Guidance Service can help you become more aware of your special interests and abilities, and can assist you in matching these abilities with various occupations.

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Pathway to Success Graduation Requirements

English: 4 credits Pass: Freshman English, Sophomore English, American Literature and 1 core English course MassCore requires passing 1 English course in each year from grades 9-12 Math: 3 credits (increase to 4 credits starting 2021-2022 SY) Pass: Algebra I, Algebra II, and Geometry MassCore requires passing 1 Math course each year from grades 9-12 Science: 3 credits Pass: Intro to Physics, Biology and one additional core Science course Social Studies: 4 credits (decrease to 3 credits starting 2021-2022 SY) Pass: World History II, US History I, United States History II, and History Elective. (Beginning with class of 2024: must pass World History I, World History II, US History I, United States History II) 1 Health & 2 Physical Education: 3 credits Fine Arts: 1 credit Foreign Language: 2 credits in the same language Electives: 8 Credits MCAS: Classes of 2021-2023 Option 1 Option 2 ELA: earn a score of 472 or higher ELA: earn a score between 455-471 and fulfill the requirements of an EPP Math: earn a score of 486 or higher Math: earn a score between 469-485 and fulfill the requirement of an EPP STE: earn a score of 220 or higher STE: N/A 10 Community service hours Total Credits = 28 required for a diploma

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MassCore

The Massachusetts High School Program of Studies (MassCore) is intended to help high school graduates arrive at college or the workplace well prepared and to reduce the number of students taking remedial courses in college. The department of education recommends that high school students complete the MassCore program of studies, which is a comprehensive set of subject area courses and units as well as other learning opportunities, before graduating from high school. The MassCore program includes four years of English; four years of mathematics; three years of lab-based science; three years of history; two years of the same foreign language; one year of an arts program; and five additional "core" courses such as business education, health, and/or technology. MassCore also includes additional learning opportunities including AP classes, dual enrollment, a senior project, online courses for high school or college credit, and service or work-based learning.

Class Eligibility Students must accumulate the specified number of credits in order to officially advance to the next grade level. Please refer to the table below. Students entering our school will be placed at an appropriate grade level, based on documentation from sending/previous institution. Students must accumulate the specified number of credits in order to advance to the next grade level.

To be considered a: The student must have previously accumulated: Sophomore 6 Credits Junior 12 Credits Senior 20 Credits

General Remarks

All elective courses are subject to satisfactory enrollment, space available, and instructor availability, and may not be included in the final master schedule if enrollment does not meet requirements. When creating a 4 year plan, realize that all classes may not be offered every semester.

ScheduleChanges

Students are discouraged from dropping a course; therefore, take time to select your courses to be sure they are the ones you wish to take. Changes in student schedules are difficult to obtain and are discouraged by administration and guidance. Any changes in a student’s schedule for the semester must occur within the first 5 school days of the semester and requires approval from the current teacher and administration. No changes will occur after that time period without principal approval The school maintains the ability to change a student’s schedule based on academic needs, at any time during the school year.

Class Withdrawal

Final determination as to whether a course may be added or deleted will reside with the principal after a student and/or parent conference. Grades as of withdrawal shall be integrated into the student’s grade in the new course.

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College Admission Testing We recommend that college bound students follow this test schedule:

Preliminary Scholastic Aptitude Tests (PSAT) October of Junior Year Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) Spring of Junior Year

Repeat Fall of Senior Year Palmer High School is an annual test site for the SATs. School Code or CEEB #221720 Some colleges and universities also require the SAT II subject tests for admission. Students are urged to check for specific college requirements as there is no uniform pattern among the colleges. Palmer High School provides the PSAT test for Palmer High School students, at no extra cost to their families, in October of their Sophomore and Junior years.

Early Entrance to College or Post-secondary Training Any students who are regularly enrolled may be authorized to be dually enrolled to take courses for college credits while completing high school requirements for graduation according to the following:

1) The student must notify the high school principal in writing.

2) All students must have written permission from their parents/guardians in order to be considered for dual enrollment.

3) The college, university or postsecondary courses to be accepted for high school credit, must be essentially similar in content to the senior level that would have been taken at Palmer High School.

4) The candidate must have clearly stated educational goals and must be able to demonstrate or explain the advantage of beginning college or university of post-secondary training prior to normal high school graduation.

5) Classes approved for dual enrollment will not be considered a part of a student’s GPA.

6) Participation is subject to the approval of the institution of higher education at which the student wishes to enroll and must meet the pertinent requirements at the respective public college, university or postsecondary institution.

7) Concurrently-enrolled students who elect to withdraw from a college course prior to completion of that course must wait until a new semester begins at the high school before adding additional high school courses to their schedules.

8) Students and their parents/guardians will be responsible for all tuition, fees, transportation, textbooks and instructional materials required by the college, university, or postsecondary

9) Students’ eligibility to participate in high school or collegiate athletics will be determined by MIAA regulations, NCAA regulations, Community College Conference regulations, and/or any other governing regulations that are applicable to the specific situation.

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10) Dual enrollment students need to notify their high school Guidance Department in writing or via email or withdrawals for the higher institution's program as well as any changes in the number of credits for which they were originally approved. Failure to do so may result in the denial of approval of high school credit. The Guidance Department will notify the building principal in writing by the close of the day.

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ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS Mission

The English Language Arts Department seeks to enhance student problem-solving skills; to foster in students an appreciation for human experience and identity formation as reflected by diverse cultures in a variety of literary genres; to encourage students to think independently and critically, to nurture efficacious written, technological, and oral communication skills; to sharpen close reading and rhetorical analysis and to expand student understanding of the history and structure of the English language.

Means Students must earn 4 Core Credits in order to graduate. Although 6-8th grade ELA courses are integral to student development, the courses do not earn high school credit. All students must pass Freshman/Honors English, Sophomore/Honors English, AP Language or American Literature, and one of four Selected Core Courses. Students may earn high school credit for electing to take more than the mandatory 4 ELA Core Credits. Students must follow a prescribed path in grades 6-8. Grades 9-11 must follow the required sequence, selecting one of two course levels at each grade. Selected Core Courses are for seniors or 2nd semester juniors who have passed American Literature or AP Language, and may be taken only after completing the Sequential Core, not as supplement thereof. Required Sequential Core Courses for Graduation: Elective Core Courses: Freshman/Honors Freshman English AP Literature and Composition Sophomore/Honors Sophomore English Women’s Literature AP Language and Composition/American Literature Mythology Capstone

ELA Department Promotion Policy

Students in grades 9-12 must maintain a passing grade in the course and successfully complete a research project in each course.

6th Grade English The purpose of this course is to develop each student’s literary interpretation and writing skills through exposure to short stories, novels, informational texts, drama, and poetry. Students will concentrate on literary terminology, vocabulary, grammar, and the writing process, as they improve their writing with rich vocabulary and strong supporting details.

7th Grade English The purpose of this course is to continue to develop each student’s literary interpretation and writing skills through exposure to short stories, novels, informational texts, drama, and poetry. There will be a concentration on MCAS preparation, literary terminology, vocabulary, grammar, critical assessment of informational texts, and the development of written and oral language. Students will develop their critical thinking and analytic writing in preparation for essays on standardized tests. Students must complete the entirety of the research process and paper.

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8th Grade English In eighth grade English, there are three primary goals: to prepare students for grades 9-12, to master the eighth grade Common Core State Standards, and to grow their reading comprehension skills. Students will read literature of their own choosing both in and out of class, and they will also read shorter fiction and informational text with the class as a whole. Students will write in three general modes: narrative, informational, and argumentative. They will also complete a research component.

Foundations of Reading Grades 6-8

A foundation of reading is an intensive reading intervention program for students who would benefit from an enhanced program. Designed to meet the needs of all readers, Foundations of Reading provides individualized instruction through teacher-directed lessons, adaptive software, age-appropriate nonfiction and fiction texts and data-driven differentiation.

Supplemental Classes – Students do not earn sequential credit. Title I Reading

This reading intervention course is for students who have supplemental instruction in addition to an ELA class and who qualify for a Title I program. Students enroll on an intervention, based upon data such as STAR and MCAS assessments, teacher recommendations, and historical grades.

Communications This is an underclassmen semester course designed to enhance communication skills. Students will practice reading and thinking critically, and responding with acuity to open response questions. Students will enhance their writing strategies, developing from “answer-driven” to “audience-driven” response. Students will sharpen their close reading skills with a focus on nonfiction and reading for information, and will develop their abilities to write to text.

Following are Sequential Core Classes: Students must earn 3 sequential credits. Freshman English

1 credit Freshman English is focused on developing the necessary writing and critical reading skills that are crucial for students to achieve success on the MCAS and throughout the remainder of high school. Studies focus on the literary terminology of fiction and drama, the critical assessment of nonfiction, and the development of more elaborate writing styles. Students will study vocabulary, writing styles, and grammatical conventions as a means of developing a writer’s voice. Students will continue to develop the skills and confidence that will allow them to speak strongly in front of classmates. A research project is required for the successful completion of this course.

Honors Freshman English 1 credit

Although many of the readings for this course will be the same as other Freshman English classes, students will be expected to read outside materials related to the primary texts for further investigation of themes, styles, and contents. They will be introduced to basic literary criticisms and expected to utilize these in literary analysis activities. Students also will be required to complete more substantial written assignments, projects, and presentations to further enhance their understanding of the material.

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Lastly, students will begin PSAT preparation through vocabulary development and critical reading passages.

Sophomore English

1 credit The sophomore course is an extension of the freshman one. Students will use the process writing approach and develop the skill of incorporating evidence from literary sources into their writing. Students focus on the techniques of writing to express an opinion and how to present their opinion to a variety of audiences. Most literary selections deal with the "search for identity" theme. Students will also learn a variety of strategies to utilize when taking standardized tests. The study of the information/research process includes an interdisciplinary approach to research, dealing with a contemporary social issue generally related to health and science classes.

Honors Sophomore English 1 credit

This class will stick closely to the established readings, but students will be expected to analyze and critique literature at a much more in-depth level, as they are introduced to various modes of criticism. More PSAT and SAT prep work will be done, as well as vocabulary study and grammatical instruction. The study of the information/research process combines an analytical dissection of literature in conjunction with an interdisciplinary approach to research from another discipline (i.e., health, science, etc.).

AP Language and Composition 1 credit

Studying the various strategies of rhetoric, this course is designed to serve juniors or seniors and will culminate in the Advanced Placement exam during the first weeks of May. Students will write reviews of local, cultural events, arguments, rhetorical analysis, research papers, and simulated research syntheses. As well as engaging in diverse writing tasks, students become acquainted with a wide variety of prose styles from several disciplines and historical periods, gaining an understanding of the connections between writing and interpretive skill. Students develop precise reading strategies, and incisive, critical thought. Students will engage in debate, presentation, and oratory. This rigorous course is designed to model a 100 level college writing course and is audited by the College Board. The cost of this exam is approximately $94.00. Students taking AP courses are strongly encouraged to sit for the AP examination. Those who take the examination will receive a cord at graduation.

American Literature 1 credit

This is a survey course of American literary heritage. Students read and study essays, novels, poems, speeches, and plays from pre-Columbian through the founding of our nation to the present. With emphasis on the relationship between the individual writer and the development of America as a nation, students concentrate on the interrelationships between American literature, history, and art. Students will focus especially on rhetoric and the literary movements of Transcendentalism, Realism, and Modernism. Numerous critical papers are required as well as a major research project. Reading becomes more in-depth and analytical; writing is approached as a thinking process and a means of influencing others.

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Following are Selected Core Classes: Students who have taken either American Literature or AP Language may choose 1 or more of the following courses to obtain 4th sequential credit.

Advanced Placement (AP) English Literature and Composition

1 credit This challenging class, offering possible college credit, will require students to sharpen their abilities as critical readers of literature: understanding works from various genres and periods through close reading and an analysis of literary devices that promote interpretation. The course also seeks to hone a student’s writing abilities, further developing a critical voice when composing literary analysis, as well as writing through imitation to appreciate more fully the writer’s craft. Students taking AP courses are strongly encouraged to sit for the AP examination. Those who take the examination will receive a cord at graduation.

Mythology

1 credit The first myths to which we have access (Gilgamesh, the Popol Vuh) originated in oral tradition and were later transcribed into written records. Around the time of Homer, many more of these myths originated through the pens of the great authors, the voices of the folk singers, or the paintbrushes of the artists. As readers of literature, we study the stories, songs and dramas of earlier times in order to catch glimpses of those cultures – their values, customs and beliefs. This class will follow the origins of the earliest myths up to and through our modern stories and movies. The variety of course readings offers students opportunities to explore diverse cultures, from the Chinese, the African, and the Native American to the more traditional Roman and Greek. As it is an English course, essays and reading comprehension quizzes will be commonplace; as it is a course for upperclassmen, presentations will be frequent. A mythology-based research paper will also be required. Satisfactory completion of this research paper is required for successful completion of this course.

Women's Literature 1 credit

This course will involve an examination of women from a variety of cultures and historical periods and their unique ideas, thoughts, and perspectives as writers. The course will focus on what women have written about themselves and the issues that are significant to them. Materials will include short stories, novels, and poetry. By studying this assortment of literature, the student should develop a deeper understanding of the themes presented by the respective authors and should be able to make connections between the selections. Study of the authors and literature will allow the student to gain a clear understanding of the elements that separate these pieces from those written by male authors. Students taking this class will be expected to respond orally and in writing to the various selections. A research paper and other projects will also be required of students enrolled.

Capstone 1 Credit

The Capstone project is designed for the senior scholar to pursue an academic inquiry and exploration of specific interest in any acceptable and relevant field. Students will research, design, write, create, and deliver to committee and open forum a thesis paper and a presentation that argues the thesis via other media. The course is challenging, the outcomes rewarding.

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Elected Courses: Students may elect to enroll in classes that fit their needs or interests, knowing that these courses do not fulfill Core credits in ELA, but still earn credits toward graduation.

Functional ELA, Math, and Life Skills

1 credit each The curriculum of the Functional ELA, Math, and Life Skills classes is geared towards preparing students for their post-secondary life and integration into the community. Topics covered include knowledge of money management, self-care skills, food preparation, vocational skills, leisure skills, and community awareness. A number of researched-based intervention programs are utilized to address skill deficits in these areas.

Creative Writing Workshop 1 Credit

In this elected course a student who exemplifies a natural proclivity for writing may want to explore his/her abilities to create poetry, fiction, and drama. The course will consist of four units: poetry, short fiction, screenplay, and a student-designed/teacher-approved final project. CWW integrates weekly readings, journals, and self-assessment.

Journalism and Media

1 Credit Throughout the course, students will examine the role that journalism plays throughout the world. They will be required to keep up with current events and the impact of these events. Students will produce the electronic, on-line school newspaper and participate in each aspect of the production: planning, reporting, editing, photography, desktop publishing, design lay-out. Though the course is a good experience for anyone wanting to pursue a degree in journalism, it is also a good experience for any student interested in improving their writing skills and/or working with peers towards a common goal. Students who excel can work towards editor positions. Students will also produce a weekly podcast that addresses timely issues relevant to the school and community.

Yearbook 1 credit

The annual production of the yearbook involves working in the following areas: basic layout and design, reporting and copy writing, photography, advertising/marketing and business. Each of these components is strongly enhanced by everyday assignments as well as the production of the entire book. Students will be expected to focus on their community outreach skills by utilizing the sales aspect of business in relation to advertising and book sales. Also, time management is key in the production of the book as the company sets strict deadlines which must be met throughout the year by all students in this course. This course may be taken more than once.

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SOCIAL STUDIES

The Social Studies Program strives to prepare students for effective participation in a democratic society. This preparation will focus on the student's role as a citizen who actively pursues the educational, social, economic and political opportunities our society offers. Students are required to take World History I and World History II, United States History I and United States History II, and at least one elective in order to fulfill part of the graduation requirement of four credits in Social Studies. Required Sequential Core Courses for Graduation: Elective Core Courses: World History I/Honors Anthropology World History II/Honors AP Art History U.S. History I/Honors AP U.S. History U.S. History II/AP Genocide

Economic/Financial Literacy Latin American History Media Literacy

Modern U.S. History through Film

Modern U.S. History through Music Modern U.S. History

Social Studies Promotional Policy

All students must perform and complete all course requirements in order to receive a passing grade. 6th Grade: World Geography

Students will create an individual student notebook (ISN) to record their exploration in how to think like a geographer thematically, spatially, and in context of current world events. Students will study the political and physical features of the continents through mapping activities and general information. World and local news will be part of their everyday routine. They will work to produce one to two presentations that are designed to enhance their skill in the use of technology, to introduce good practices in citing results of research and to encourage them to be more at ease in presenting to a group.

7th Grade: Ancient World In this course we delve into the ancient world and the first civilizations of humans throughout the world. We will learn about the impact of the discovery of fire, creating metal tools and weapons, religion, agriculture, government and interacting with other civilizations. This course challenges students to be creative and think about a time long before themselves in which customs and culture seem otherworldly.

8th Grade: American Civics The focus of the course is on building students’ mastery of challenging subject matter in civics and government, preparing students for responsible citizenship, and involving students in civic action projects that promote and demonstrate good citizenship, community service, and personal responsibility. The content is focused on the practice and development of essential citizenship skills (e.g., critical reading, discussion, debate, writing, collaboration, and decision-making) through the active exploration

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of a range of issues and ideas that are important to our local and national community and interesting to students. Additionally, focus will be placed on the purpose of government and the foundations of the United States democratic model. This will include studying the Declaration of Independence, The United States Constitution, and the Bill of Rights. The goal is to prepare students to participate and engage in their own communities whether this is their school, town, state, or country.

Following are Sequential Core Classes **Beginning with class of 2024 must be sequential**

World History I: Patterns of Interaction 1 Credit

This course is the first of a two year survey course in world history. The general timeframe of the course extends from the fall of Rome through the Age of Exploration, or roughly AD 500-1800. Whereas this is a world history course, the primary area of geographic emphasis is the Mediterranean basin and Europe. Using a variety of materials; e.g. primary and secondary sources, assignments and teaching approaches, students will develop analytical skills necessary for academic success. Students will formally be introduced to the origins of all major world religions, and to their historic and contemporary impact. Furthermore, throughout the year teachers will strive to help students make connections between current affairs and the timeframe and peoples we will study. Honors World History I: Patterns of Interaction

1 Credit This is an Honors option for the required modern world history course. While the content itself is essentially the same as in the non-honors World History I class, there will be greater depth with higher challenges and expectations; e.g. there will be additional writing assignments, as well as more in-depth analysis of primary and secondary sources.

World History II: The Modern Era 1 credit

This course is the second half of a two year survey course in world history. This class picks up where World History I ends, roughly during the 18th century, and highlights specific key countries, political entities, persons, and events which collectively usher the world into the modern era. In addition to the study of economic, political, social, and cultural changes that took place, the class also examines other key concepts: revolution, industrialism, nationalism, imperialism, and geopolitics. From the Age of Exploration to the Cold War, this class challenges students.

Honors World History II: The Modern Era 1 credit

This is an Honors option for the required modern world history course. While the content itself is essentially the same as in the non-honors World History II class, there will be greater depth with higher challenges and expectations; e.g. there will be additional writing assignments, as well as more in-depth analysis of primary and secondary sources.

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United States History I 1 credit

This course is a study of the formation of the United States of America through the study of its democratic principles and ideals as set forth in the Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution. Primary emphasis is based on: (1) the development of these principles and ideals from the 1500's to the writing of the Declaration and the Constitution and (2) the implementing of these principles and ideals from the ratification of the Constitution through World War 1.

Honors United States History I 1 credit

This is an accelerated course in the study of the formation of the United States of America through the study of its democratic principles and ideals as set forth in the Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution. Primary emphasis is based on: (1) the development of these principles and ideals from the 1500's to the writing of the Declaration and the Constitution and (2) the implementing of these principles and ideals from the ratification of the Constitution through World War 1.

United States History II 1 credit

Students will examine the history of the United States from 1918 to the present. Major events to be studied include: The Jazz Age, The Great Depression, World War II, the Korean War, the Civil Rights Movement, Vietnam and its aftermath, Watergate, 911 and the changing U.S. role in current world affairs.

AP U.S. History II 2 credits This Advanced Placement course is intended to prepare the student for the AP U.S. History exam administered in the spring. The course presents the history of the United States from Civil War Reconstruction to the present. The course will also provide in-depth analysis of the people and events which have shaped our nation. Comprehensive reading and writing assignments, as well as a faster pace, characterize this course.

Elective Courses Anthropology 1 credit

Students acquire an understanding of the differences and similarities, both biological and cultural, in human populations. Students recognize the characteristics that define their culture and gain an appreciation for the culture of others. The content includes, but not be limited to, the following: human biological and cultural origins -adaptation to the physical environment -diversity of human behavior – an evolution of social and cultural institutions -patterns of language development -family and kinship relationships -effects of change on such cultural institutions as the arts, education, religion and law

AP Art History (cross-curricular) 1 credit

The AP Art History Course is equivalent to a college survey course exploring the nature of art, art making, and responses to art. Students will develop an in-depth understanding of the history of art from

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a global perspective by investigating the specific course content of 250 works of art characterized by diverse artistic traditions from prehistory to present. Students will become active participants in the global art world, engaging with its forms and content. There will be research, discussion, reading and writing about art, artists, art making, responses to, and interpretations of art. NOTE: This course will be taught as a one quarter classroom format with history staff followed by one quarter studio experience taught by art staff equaling a semester- or its equivalent scenario based on current school schedule at the time of course.This course counts as an elective History Credit. Students taking AP courses are strongly encouraged to sit for the AP examination. Those who take the examination will receive a cord at graduation.

Economics/Financial Literacy (cross-curricular w/Math) 1 credit

This state mandated personal financial literacy course is designed to alert, inform, and educate students in concepts of personal finance and money management. Students will begin to develop the skills and strategies that promote personal and financial responsibility related to financial planning, savings, investment, and charitable giving in the global economy. Effective money management is a disciplined behavior. It is difficult to master, and much easier when learned earlier in life. This course will start students on a path toward being in control of their financial futures. Five broad topics will be the foundation of the course: college and career planning, money management, savings and investing, income, and spending. The course will teach students to search and assess college and career opportunities, identify and prioritize their personal money management goals, develop personal spending and savings plans, comprehend the impact of time on the value of money, understand the cost of using credit, and protect assets

Genocide (cross-curricular with ELA) 1 credit

This course is designed to educate students about and sensitize them to the history and events surrounding the most documented episode of genocide in Western history. The history of Germany in the first half of the century and of the growth and policies of the Nazi Party will be examined as well as the events surrounding the Holocaust itself. The course will also examine 20th century genocides occurring in Armenia, Cambodia, Bosnia, Guatemala, and Rwanda. Both printed and visual materials will be used, some of which will be graphic in content. Guest speakers may be utilized. Students will be expected to keep a daily journal, complete individual and group projects, make oral presentations, write essays, and implement a community service project

Latin American History 1 credit

Latin American Studies explores the Latin American experience from the pre-colonial period to contemporary 21st Century America. Various forms of pedagogy, with a multi-disciplinary analysis of the social sciences, will be utilized in order to help students gain a comprehensive understanding. Students will explore Latin America, the richly diverse and fascinating areas of the world that includes Mesoamerica, South America and the Caribbean, from a cultural perspective focusing on food, gender, race, and class to understand the experiences and processes that have shaped the region. Students will reflect on identity, revolutions, nation-state formation, modernization and social mobilization based on analysis of primary sources such as cinema, music, literature, art and historical documents along with

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secondary sources. Interdisciplinary study of Latin America offers a unique insight into the lives and thoughts of Latin American peoples.

Modern US History through Music 1 credit

How does culture affect music, and how does music affect culture? History of music is an elective course in the social studies department that looks at the development and evolution of music throughout human history related to cultural changes. While the class will primarily focus on Western music following key events in European and American history, there will also be units focusing on Eastern musical traditions. Some topics included will be: early and classical music, jazz and improvisational music, and modern popular music of the 20th and 21st centuries along with the social and cultural changes of their times.

Modern World History through Film 1 credit

This course will examine United States and World History through the lens of film and movies. Along with watching films, students will examine primary and secondary sources in order to critically analyze the film’s accuracy, as well as its purpose and direction. Films including but not limited to the following time periods: the Age of Imperialism, World Wars I and II, the Cold War, and the Modern Era. Short clips as well as full length films will be shown. Sources to be analyzed may include works of art, literature, primary sources, artifacts, and photographs to create a better understanding of each era studied. The films will be used as historical evidence to determine the accuracy, point of view, target audience, and reasons for making this film. Media Literacy

1 credit Media literacy is designed to help students develop an informed and critical understanding of the nature of an ever expanding and increasingly dominating mass media –as information sources, as entertainment, and as an industry–as well as to examine, interpret, and evaluate the messages contained within, and their social, cultural and political implications. This course exposes the student to the base complexities of media literacy, develop critical thinking skills, and provides the methods of analysis necessary to interpret media content as well as methods of critical writing appropriate to media analysis.

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MATHEMATICS Being able to make connections between arithmetic, algebra and geometry is the best way to prepare the student to succeed in advanced mathematics, from algebra to geometry to calculus. The mathematics curriculum is designed to be relevant as well as to help students learn the process of reasoning and mathematical communications. As students develop essential skills and strategies, they understand the connections between math strands and other subject areas. They develop the power of mathematics in school and in life. Required Sequential Core Courses for Graduation Elective Core Courses Students must earn credit in the following courses: Students must earn 1 elected Core Course credit: Algebra I Intro to Statistics MCAS Mathematics & Geometry or Honors Geometry Honors Precalculus Algebra II or Honors Algebra II AP Calculus

AP Statistics Intermediate Mathematics

Algebra III Leadership Math

6th Grade Math

This course will place an emphasis on (1) connecting ratio and rate to whole number multiplication and division, and using concepts of ratio and rate to solve problems; (2) completing understanding of division of fractions and extending the notion of number to the system of rational numbers, which includes negative numbers; (3) writing, interpreting, and using expressions and equations; (4) developing understanding of statistical thinking; and (5) reasoning about geometric shapes and their measurements. This is a full year course.

7th Grade Math

This course will place an emphasis on (1) developing understanding of and applying proportional relationships; (2) developing understanding of operations with rational numbers and working with expressions and linear equations; (3) solving problems involving scale drawings and informal geometric constructions, and working with two- and three-dimensional shapes to solve problems involving area, surface area, and volume; and (4) drawing inferences about populations based on samples. This is a full year course.

8th Grade Math This course will place an emphasis on (1) formulating and reasoning about expressions and equations, including modeling an association in bivariate data with a linear equation and solving linear equations and systems of linear equations; (2) grasping the concept of a function and using functions to describe quantitative relationships; and (3) analyzing two- and three-dimensional space and figures using distance, angle, similarity, and congruence, and understanding and applying the Pythagorean Theorem.

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8th Grade, Math Lab Math Lab is designed to prepare students for the kinds of mathematical reasoning and problem solving required for Algebra and other high school Math courses. Units covered include the study of patterns and functions, basic probability, number sense, interpreting data, geometry, and arithmetic skills. Students in Math Lab will approach problems of increasing complexity in a variety of content areas. Emphasis will be placed on displaying and communicating numerical and algebraic sense. Computer based tutorials, applications, and hands on activities will be incorporated into instruction in an effort to target individual needs and strengthen basic math skills. This is a 10 week course.

Foundations Math 6-8 Foundations of math is a math intervention program for the common core. Designed for struggling students, the program builds students’ confidence and competence in mathematics, while providing teachers with comprehensive support to ensure success. Foundations of math blends teacher instruction with innovative technology to help students become stronger and more capable math students.

Algebra I 1 credit

This course is organized around families of functions, with special emphasis on linear and quadratic functions. Students will learn to represent functions in multiple ways – as verbal descriptions, equations, tables, and graphs. They will also learn to model real-world situations using functions.

Leadership Mathematics 1 credit

This course provides extra support for tenth graders preparing for the May MCAS test in mathematics. The curriculum will address properties of operations on real numbers; linear and nonlinear (e.g. quadratic, exponential, rational) functions; systems of linear equations and inequalities; patterns; polynomials; data analysis and probability. In addition, the course familiarizes students with the format of the exam and addresses effective test taking strategies.

Geometry 1 credit

This course is a comprehensive investigation of shapes, their properties, sizes and relationships. By integrating principles learned in algebra, geometry is explored by using geometric theories, problem solutions and real life problem solving applications. Both inductive and deductive reasoning processes are used in arriving at geometric proof solutions. This course encompasses plane and solid Geometry, coordinate Geometry, and non-Euclidean Geometry.

Honors Geometry 1 credit

This course is for the mathematically talented student who has demonstrated above average performance in previous mathematics courses. This is a rigorous course in logical thinking requiring proofs of geometric theorems, as well as challenging problems of length, area and volume.

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Algebra II 1 credit

A sequential course including a brief review of all basic concepts studied in Algebra I and an emphasis on the solution of open sentences higher than the first degree, systems of equations, and graphs of relations and functions of the first and second degree, rational and real number exponents and logarithms.

Honors Algebra II 1 credit

This course is for the mathematically motivated student who has demonstrated above average performance in previous mathematics courses. This is a rigorous course including solving open sentences higher than the first degree, systems of equations, graphs of relations and functions of the first and second degree, rational and real number exponents and logarithms.

Algebra III 1 credit

This course picks up where Algebra II ended. It is a sequential course including rational functions, conic sections, counting methods and probability, data analysis and statistics, sequences and series, and trigonometry. Some time will be devoted to prepare students to pass MCAS 2.0.

Intermediate Mathematics 1 credit

This course is designed to help students who need further reinforcement of the mathematical concepts taught in Algebra 1 and Geometry before moving on to Algebra II. There is a strong emphasis placed on the necessary skills to pass the MCAS exam.

Honors Precalculus 1 credit

Pre-Calculus course dealing with Analytic (coordinate) Geometry and Trigonometry. Topics include: coordinate geometry proofs of plane geometry theorems, conic sections, functions (including composites and inverses), exponential and logarithmic functions, binomial theorem, combinatorial analysis, and extensive coverage of the trigonometric functions and practical applications thereof. Instruction will be based on the use of a graphing calculator.

Introduction to Statistics

1 credit This course will introduce students to statistics and probability with a focus on data analysis. The emphasis is on statistical ideas and statistical reasoning. Topics that will be covered include organizing and displaying data; basic probability models; random variables; statistical estimation and testing; confidence intervals; and linear regression. Applications will be made to fields including business, psychology, sports, and medicine. The course is designed for students who intend to further their education in a two-year or four-year college.

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AP Calculus 1 credit

This Advanced Placement course presents the skills and concepts of differential and integral calculus normally covered in a one-semester college course. It prepares students for the AB Calculus national exam given by the College Board in early May of each year. Students who successfully complete the course and AP examination may receive credit for a one-semester introductory college statistics course. Students taking AP courses are strongly encouraged to sit for the AP examination. Those who take the examination will receive a cord at graduation.

AP Statistics 1 credit

AP Statistics is designed to introduce students to the major concepts and tools for collecting, analyzing, and drawing conclusions from data. Any student who selects this class does so with the understanding the AP test is mandatory. Students are exposed to four conceptual themes: exploring data, planning a study, producing models using probability and statistics, and statistical inference. During this course, students will use the capabilities of the graphing calculator and appropriate software to investigate, model, and solve problems. Students who successfully complete the course and AP examination may receive credit for a one-semester introductory college statistics course. Students taking AP courses are strongly encouraged to sit for the AP examination. Those who take the examination will receive a cord at graduation.

Pathways Program

1 credit The Palmer High School Pathways Program is a highly interactive, skills-based program designed to promote positive health and personal development for high school / and post graduate youth. This program provides students the opportunity to engage in real-life / life skills work experiences combined with English and Mathematics for post-secondary independent living skills. This program helps students with significant disabilities make successful transitions from school to a productive life in post-secondary decision making, employment and community participation.

Unified Cooking 1 credit

This course is designed to teach basic cooking skills to students with and without disabilities. It incorporates core functional academic skills through recipe reading, measurements, and following multi-step directions. Students have the opportunity to prepare, cook, and share food while utilizing social skills, communication, and teamwork. Students will also be exposed to a variety of cultural recipes and traditions.

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SCIENCE A comprehensive Science program is necessary to prepare students for tomorrow’s world. The Science department offers a myriad of courses suited for students with strong academic interests and science related career goals with plans to pursue a Bachelor's degree as well as courses for students going on to two-year colleges, non-science majors at four-year colleges, or students pursuing other technical training. All of the courses provide opportunities for hands-on laboratory work which encourage the development of analytical reasoning and critical thinking skills. Courses integrate the changing content standards, including MCAS, Common Core and Next Generation Science Standards.

Science Department Policies Promotion – All students must perform and complete all course requirements for laboratory experiments in order to pass the class. Required Sequential Courses for Graduation: Students must earn credit in the following courses General Science Intro/ Honors Intro to Physics Biology/Honors Biology

Elective Core Courses: Students must earn 1 elected Core Course credit Chemistry/Honors Chemistry Honors Anatomy & Physiology AP Physics Environmental Science AP Environmental Science Forensics/Biotechnology Ornithology Botany Sports Nutrition

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General Science Grades 6-8

These courses cover the 6th - 8th Grade MA DESE Science standards. Students are expected to make organized and accurate observations and learn fundamental science concepts in order to prepare them for further study in science. Students will take the MCAS exam in 8th grade.

Introduction to Physics

1 credit The course content of Introduction to Physics follows the learning standards for a first full-year course in Introductory Physics. The Content Standards include: Motion and Forces, Conservation of Energy and Momentum, Heat and Heat Transfer, Waves, Electromagnetism, and Electromagnetic Radiation. Students are expected to develop critical thinking skills through experimentation and analysis. Students will be required to take the Introductory Physics MCAS test at the end of the year. A calculator is recommended.

Honors Introduction to Physics

1 credit This course is designed for highly motivated students planning to attend college. Students will be actively engaged in inquiry, the scientific process, and problem solving. Students will frequently solve open-ended problems or answer their own questions through investigations that involve collecting and analyzing data. Due to the challenging nature of this course, more homework may be necessary than in the Introduction to Physics course. The course content of Honors Introduction to Physics will provide in depth coverage of the learning standards for a first full-year course in Introductory Physics. The Content Standards include: Motion and Forces, Conservation of Energy and Momentum, Heat and Heat Transfer, Waves, Electromagnetism and Electromagnetic Radiation. Students will be required to take the Introductory Physics MCAS test at the end of the year. A calculator is recommended.

Biology 1 credit

The course content of Biology follows the learning standards for a full first-year course in Biology. The Content Standards include: The Chemistry of Life, Cell Biology, Genetics, Anatomy and Physiology, Evolution and Biodiversity, and Ecology. Developing critical thinking skills, hands on activities, and lab work are an important part of the course. This course will prepare students for the Biology MCAS exam.

Honors Biology 1 credit

This course will include units on the chemistry of life, cell biology, genetics, anatomy and physiology, evolution and biodiversity, and ecology. The content reflects the MA DOE high school biology learning standards. Students are expected to develop and demonstrate autonomy, critical thinking skills, initiative, and independence. Laboratory investigations are an integral part of the course. A research project is required. There is a required summer assignment.

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Chemistry 1 credit

The course content of Chemistry follows the learning standards for a first full year course in chemistry and will address the following topics: Properties of Matter; Atomic Structure and Nuclear Chemistry, Periodicity, Chemical Bonding, Chemical Reactions and Stoichiometry, States of Matter, Kinetic Theory,Thermochemistry,Solutions, Rates of Reactions and Equilibrium, Acids and Bases, Reduction-Oxidation Reactions. Laboratory investigations with data collection and analysis are incorporated to ensure the understanding of chemical concepts. This course will provide a basic foundation for students interested in pursuing a science or engineering major in college. A calculator is recommended.

Botany 1 credit

This course is an introduction to the study of plants, including their anatomy and physiology, genetics, ecology, evolution, distribution, classification, identification and economic importance. Students will cultivate plants in the greenhouse, create a herbarium and perform field studies.

Honors Chemistry

1 credit This course is designed for students with intentions of pursuing science or engineering majors in college. The course content reflects the basic learning standards for Chemistry and includes in-depth and accelerated units on atomic and molecular structure, bonding, molar relationships, reactions, equilibrium, acids and bases and electrochemistry. Students will also be introduced to organic and nuclear chemistry. Laboratory investigations with data collection and analysis are incorporated to ensure the understanding of chemical concepts. Students are expected to demonstrate high level critical thinking and problem solving skills. A research paper/project is required. A calculator is recommended. There is a required summer assignment.

Honors Human Anatomy/Physiology 1 credit

This honors level course is intended to give students an opportunity to study, using college level curriculum materials, the structure, function and processes of the human organism. Students contemplating further study in nursing, medicine, medical technology, biotechnology and other science careers should find Human Anatomy and Physiology extremely valuable in preparing for college. Human Anatomy and Physiology begins with an introduction to the organization of the human body followed with a fast paced review of cell structure and function and an introduction to tissues. Each organ system is then thoroughly investigated and studied. This material is covered by means of classroom lecture and discussion as well as frequent laboratory exercises including dissections of a rat, fetal pig and other animal organs. Daily reading assignments also help the student to become familiar with the material to be covered in class the next day. There is a required summer assignment.

Forensics/Biotechnology

1 credit This course is designed to familiarize students with the basic principles and uses of forensic science in the American Justice System and to give students an overview of biotechnology concepts and skills using some basic techniques and applications. Topics to be covered will include, but not be limited to:

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methodology and procedures associated with forensic science, crime scene analysis, collection and analysis of fingerprints, blood and DNA evidence analysis, DNA and genes and their roles in the inheritance of human traits and disorders, current genetic issues and technologies will also be investigated. Labs include: Basic electrophoresis, blood typing, dustless fingerprinting, entomology lab, bacterial transformation, PCR, protein synthesis.

Ornithology 1 credit

This course is an introduction to bird biology. Students will learn about the habitats, evolution, taxonomy, behavior, conservation, and anatomy of birds. The latest biotechnology techniques for avian research will also be examined. Lab work is an integral part of the course. Students are expected to identify native and introduced New England species by field marks and birdsong.

Sports Nutrition 1 credit

Sports Nutrition will provide students with an understanding of the many aspects of athletic performance and proper everyday nutrition. Topics to be covered will include: nutrition (carbohydrates, lipids and proteins), supplements, diet fads and fact, and training schedules. Students will be using the foods room to prepare healthy recipes. This elective would be suitable for students with an interest in careers related to athletics, medicine and over healthy habits.

AP Environmental Science 1 credit

The goal of this course is to provide students with an in-depth understanding of the interrelationships of the natural world. Students will use the process of science to identify natural and man-made environmental problems. Data collection and analysis will be used to evaluate environmental risks and develop solutions. In order to accomplish these goals, this course will include rigorous laboratory and field investigations. Students will be required to sit for the AP Environmental Science in the spring. Students may be eligible to receive college credit based on their exam performance. Please note some institutions may perform a review of student laboratory materials as well for a final determination of college credit. There is a required summer assignment. Students taking AP courses are strongly encouraged to sit for the AP examination. Those who take the examination will receive a cord at graduation.

AP Physics 1 credit

This course is designed for those students that desire an intensive college preparatory physics course. Any student who selects this class does so with the understanding the AP test is mandatory. It is designed for students with strong math and science backgrounds who wish to pursue careers in the sciences, engineering or medicine. Problem solving and critical thinking skills will be emphasized as students conduct laboratory experiments to evaluate and discuss the concepts of physics. Topics to be covered are: kinematics, linear and rotational mechanics, harmonic motion and waves, and basic electrical circuits. Students taking AP courses are strongly encouraged to sit for the AP examination. Those who take the examination will receive a cord at graduation.

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Environmental Science 1 credit

Environmental Science courses examine the mutual relationships between organisms and their environment. In studying the interrelationships among plants, animals, and humans, these courses may cover the following subjects: photosynthesis, recycling and regeneration, ecosystems, population and growth studies, pollution, and conservation of natural resources.

Academic Leadership

1 credit This course is designed to help students who need further reinforcement of the Science content and skills taught in Biology. The Next Generation Science standards include: The Chemistry of Life, Cell Biology, Genetics, Anatomy and Physiology, Evolution and Biodiversity, and Ecology. There is a strong emphasis placed on the necessary skills to pass the MCAS Biology exam, such as reviewing content, analyzing data and designing experiments.

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TECHNOLOGY

The study of technology is: ● Designed to give students enrichment and reinforcement of ideas and concepts from the areas of

science and mathematics. ● Designed to give students information about the uses, effects, history and social and

environmental impacts of technology in our daily lives. ● Designed to acquaint students with the technology tools necessary for post graduate education

and life-long learning. ● Centered on problem solving, testing, and hands-on use of the tools of technology

Technology Engineering This course is an introduction to problem solving techniques and strategies, as well as construction, transportation, communication, and manufacturing technologies. Students will use a hands-on approach, integrating math, science and physics concepts to solve physical problems in a lab setting. Many hand tools will be used to facilitate the development of each solution. The students will be introduced to technology/engineering and the effects of technology on everyday life. This course will assist in preparing each student for the eighth grade Science and Technology/Engineering MCAS test.

Technology Engineering I 1 credit

This course offers an in-depth exploration of construction, transportation, communication, and manufacturing areas of technology. Students will learn math, science and physics concepts, using hands-on skills, while working with materials and learning how to develop solutions to various design problems. Activities will be competitive, and communication both with individual and team design will be important. This class is designed for students who enjoy working with their hands and enjoy solving problems and will explore various career opportunities that coincide with the areas of technology being studied. The skills learned will assist all students to understand and better handle problems in their daily lives and assist in preparing them for the Introduction to Physics MCAS test.

Technology Engineering Robotics Elective

1 credit This course is designed for students who are interested in the design, engineering and programming of robots. The Robotics Engineering course is designed to explore the past, current and future use of automation technology in industry and everyday use. Robotic Engineering focuses heavily on prior knowledge from STEM related courses. The students will receive a comprehensive overview of robotic systems and the subsystems that comprise them. The students will build several robots using VEX Robotics components, and program them using the Robot C programming language. There will be class competitions and engineering challenges. Careers in engineering, programming, and robotics will be discussed. Course Objectives: By the end of this course, the successful student will be able to:

● Apply the Engineering Process ● Create engineering documentation and plan projects using a Gantt Chart

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● Create flowcharts ● Write pseudo-code ● Design and engineer autonomous robots using various sensors ● Design and engineer an autonomous robot that can complete tasks using ROBOT C

programming software ● Create, maintain and work in a safe laboratory environment

Computer Science

This course incorporates Science, Technology, Engineering, Art and Math STEAM). The main focus is on engineering and technology to solve problems through trial and error. Students will be tasked with real world problems and provide real world solutions through the use of various technological resources.

Computer Literacy 1 credit

This course examines particular topics related to general computer literacy. Some topics include: Computer Science Principles - this course provides students the opportunity to use programming, computational thinking and data analysis to create digital artifacts and documents representing design and analysis in areas including the internet, algorithms, and the impact these have on science, business and society.

Exploring Computer Science - this course presents students with the conceptual underpinnings of computer science through an exploration of human computer interaction, web design, computer programming, data modeling and robotics.

Computer Applications 1 credit

Computer Science involves the understanding of programming language concepts and how they are applied to problem solving. Computer Science I is a course covering problem solving, computer architecture, and programming concepts. This knowledge helps students understand how software is written and increases the student’s ability to learn application software through understanding of the basic concepts using code-generating applications such as access, SQL, and/or Java, moving into programming applications with JAVA.

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WORLD LANGUAGES

The purpose of World Language courses is to provide an understanding of the target language including: speaking; aural comprehension; reading; writing; and awareness of culture and diversity. All courses make use of audiovisual materials, textbooks, workbooks and technology. Classes also incorporate group activities, presentations and skits. Standards of competency in oral, written, listening, and reading comprehension skills must be met to proceed to the next level of the language. “When we learn more than one language, we open doors to new ways of thinking and doing, believing and communicating, and through the process we learn more about ourselves.”

– The MA World Language Frameworks.

Introductory Spanish Grade 8

This course is designed to provide students with an introduction to the Spanish Language in both written and spoken form, with an emphasis on the cultures of Spanish speaking countries. Students will be able to ask and answer basic questions, write simple sentences and read beginners texts in Spanish.

Spanish I 1 credit

This course includes listening comprehension as well as speaking, reading and writing skills in Spanish. By the end of the year, students are expected to understand simple questions and directions given orally and to respond in Spanish on basic topics. Students will also be able to read beginners texts. They are to master simple grammatical structures and write basic sentences. Cultural awareness is an integral part of the program, encouraged through the use of materials such as maps, literary books, videos, music and guests.

Honors Spanish I

1 credit This course is an accelerated option to Spanish I and includes listening comprehension as well as speaking, reading and writing skills in Spanish. More work outside of class and independent study is required. By the end of the year, students are expected to understand basic questions and directions given orally and to respond in Spanish on basic topics. Students will also be able to read beginners texts. Students are expected to master basic grammatical structures and write basic sentences. Cultural awareness is an integral part of the program, encouraged through the use of materials such as maps, literary books, videos, music and guests. This class is ideal for those planning to continue on in the foreign language sequence.

Spanish II

1 credit A continuation of Spanish I, this course stresses oral communication through group videos, movies, and other literary materials also provide many opportunities for comparing and contrasting the Hispanic culture to our own. At the end of the course students will be able to read intermediate texts. Students will expand their vocabulary, increase their facility with idioms and grammatical structures, read and analyze beginning texts, and augment their appreciation of the Spanish language and culture.

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Honors Spanish II

1 credit An accelerated option to the continuation of Spanish I, this course stresses oral communication through group videos, movies, and other literary materials and also provides many opportunities for comparing and contrasting the Hispanic culture to our own. More work outside of class and independent study is required. At the end of the course students will be able to read intermediate texts. Students will expand their vocabulary, increase their facility with idioms and grammatical structures, read and analyze beginning texts, and augment their appreciation of the Spanish language and culture. This class is ideal for those planning to continue on in the foreign language sequence.

Spanish III 1 credit

This course builds on the skills acquired in Spanish II. Use of the target language is encouraged through communicative activities. Grammatical structures become more difficult. Additional irregular verbs and tenses are introduced. Appreciation of Hispanic culture is promoted through readings, videos, music, class discussion and celebration of special holidays. Students will expand skills of speaking, listening, reading and writing in a variety of essays, oral presentations, projects, etc. Students will participate in creative and real-life communication. Thematic units of study promote opportunities for utilization of a full range of learned structures and skills. Culture will be explored more through textbook, literary passages, and videos. Students will continue the use of the language in real life situations.

Spanish IV

1 credit The aims of this course are to develop oral proficiency; to master more complex grammatical structures; to read short selections from Spanish newspapers, magazines and literature; to write short essays; and to study various topics relating to Hispano-American culture. This course is conducted mostly in Spanish. Students will refine their communication skills through discussion in the target language, based upon textbook readings and Spanish literature, current events, and personal experiences. This course extends the students' ability to perfect communication in the target language through readings on contemporary Hispanic culture and customs. Emphasis will be given to written grammatical construction as students create and write dialogues and essays.

Spanish V

1 credit This class is conducted completely in Spanish for advanced students who will fully integrate all language skills with communication as the primary goal. Students will also deepen their appreciation of Spanish literature and culture. Students will effectively implement the recommended strands of second language acquisition, namely communication, comparing, and contrasting, connecting with other disciplines, cultural awareness, and community involvement. Students will read authentic literature, including poetry, short stories from Latin America and Spain. Written essays will focus on themes from the literature as well as on personal topics and current news. Oral presentations and dialogues will improve speaking proficiency in the target language.

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VISUAL ARTS It is well known that art is a universal language. As time and technology progress the Art department integrates relevant new media and practices while paying due diligence to traditional forms and techniques of artistic expression. Despite differences in speech, customs, and life-styles, people can readily enjoy and appreciate the art of other cultures, historical or modern. Courses in the Art Department provide an opportunity to examine these art processes. Students are encouraged to explore the techniques used by artists, understand the philosophies and history that lead to creativity, and to experience the creative processes and visual expressions within them.

Visual Art Exploration This course provides an opportunity for students to explore creative expression with line, form, color, and texture using the techniques of drawing, painting, and sculpture. Processes explore cartooning, lettering, perspective and visual depth, architectural design, model building, and color manipulation. This course helps the student to recognize the role of graphic and visual artists in our daily lives.

Art I

1 credit Art I is the foundation course for all other coursework offered by the Art department. Art I introduces non-objective and observational drawing, painting, relief and intaglio printmaking. In addition it incorporates the introduction to ceramic design, two and three dimensional design, sculpture, Photoshop applications, and digital B&W photography. Art I builds upon the application of art principles, aesthetics, tool skills and material techniques. Diverse works of art from historical and contemporary sources are referenced; listening skills are built upon through engagement with periodic news feeds. Students are required to participate in individual and group critique, maintain a working journal of reflective, analytical and experiential writing.

Advanced Art Courses 1 credit

Advanced Art sections provide students with the opportunity for a mature and detailed study of technique, style, and personal development in art along with related studies of aesthetics. Semester long sections are designed to provide students with exposure to traditional and emerging means of realizing creative potential in discipline areas of painting, drawing, printmaking, and design. Students will engage in critical discourse, writing, as well as examine historical trends and examples in each discipline area while creating a portfolio. Each section is a Semester Course.

Advanced Art 1 1 credit

Advanced Art 1 provides students with the opportunity for a mature and detailed study of technique, style, and personal development in art along with related studies of aesthetics. The four topic areas of painting, drawing, printmaking, and design are investigated to provide students with exposure to both traditional and emerging means of realizing creative potential in each discipline. Students will engage in critical discourse, writing, as well as examine historical trends and examples in each discipline area while creating a portfolio.

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Advanced Art 2

1 credit This course is a continuation of Advanced Art I with emphasis on individual style and aesthetic development. Students are expected to develop strong technical abilities and increased understanding of each focus media.

Advanced Ceramics I 1 credit

Work in Advanced Ceramics involves a mature and detailed study of technique and the technical aspects of clay. The course will include a strong emphasis on hand-built and wheel-thrown forms, glazes and kiln firing.

Advanced Ceramics II 1 credit

This is a continuation of Advanced Ceramics I with emphasis on individual style and aesthetic development. Students are expected to develop strong technical abilities and increased understanding of glaze application, clay techniques and kiln firing.

Advanced Ceramics III 1 credit

This course is open to the mature and highly motivated senior who wishes an in depth study in ceramics. A program is written with the Director of Art or his/her appointee and is directed toward a professional portfoli