palm olein in automotive diesel for ueda n furui

“Performance & No Harm Evaluation of the Palm Olein as a Blending Component for

Diesel Fuel”

Briefing to OEM & OITC 16th December 2005

PETRONAS Research & Scientific Services Sdn. Bhd.Malaysian Palm Oil Board

Presentation Objective

1. To brief on the “Performance & No Harm Evaluation of the Palm Olein as a Blending Component for Diesel Fuel” project.

2. Obtain feedbacks on the program

Presentation Outline

1. Background2. Objective of the Project3. Program Outline4. Schedule5. Deliverables6. What we need from Industry7. Next Step

Background…With objective of propping up RBD palm oil prices, MPOB is diversifying the use….

Non Food industry

RBD Palm Oil(Cooking oil grade)

Biodiesel in industrial

fuel

Biodiesel as Transportation

fuel

Food industry

Considerations for palm oil in automotive diesel:

•Cost/economics•Public acceptance•Blending•Specifications•Performance•OEM’s concern – durability, harm to fuel system, maintenance

Background…• MPOB initial study involving buses, passenger vehicles,

power generation.

• June 05 - MPOB approached PETRONAS Research for more comprehensive study

• 14th Sept 05 – MPOB presentation to OITC on biofuel & results of initial study. Issues & concerns were listed following this meeting.

• Nov 05 – PRSS proposal accepted by MPOB

Objective of the Project..

To assess the technical viability of using palm olein as a blending components for diesel fuel

The Program…

Blending Study

Compatibility & Stability Study

Performance & No-Harm Testing

Submission for ammendments to

diesel specifications

Submission for OEM endorsement

Deliverables:•Data on performance of diesel-olein blends (injector fouling, power, emissions)•Demonstration of no-harm effect of diesel-olein blend

Deliverables:•Impact of olein to diesel specifications – MS123, Euro2M, Euro4M

Deliverables:•Compatibility of diesel –olein on metal, additive, lubricants.•Stability of blends

Important to get OEM and Oil Industry on board to address their concerns

M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11 M12 M13M1

Blend Study And Compatibility & Stability Study

Objective• To develop the understanding and measure the effect of diesel-

palm olein mix for specification, compatibility and stability properties

Brief• Characterise the physical & chemical properties of biofuels with

variations in petroleum diesel qualities• Compatibility with materials in fuel system (metals, rubber,

polymers)• Compatibility with fuel additives, lubricants and within fuel

components• Blends stability – oxidation and storage

Scope Method Sample Blend Study Characterise the physical & chemical properties of biofuels with variations in petroleum diesel qualities

Blending of diesel fuels.** Blending of diesel-olein mix. Lab Tests to Characterise the Physical

and Chemical Properties of the bio blends

B2, B5, B10, B15, B20

Stability Oxidation Stability

ASTM D2274 (modified)

B0, B5, B10, B20, B100

Storage Stability

Impact of Storage Tank and Fuel Line Material Comparative Storage Stability Long Term Storage Stability

Accelerated Ageing method ASTM D4625 - Accelerated Aging Method ASTM D4625 - Visual Observation ASTM1500 - Total Acid Number ASTM D664 -48 Weeks Open Air Storage -Product top, middle, bottom of drum sampling

-Lab Test for Critical Properties

B0, B5, B10, B20, B100 Material: Steel, Cu, Al, Pb, Sn, Zn, Composites, Elastomer, Plastomer B0,B5,B10, B20, B100 B0,B5, B10, B20,B100

Blend And Compatibility/Stability

Note: Petroleum diesel will be blended from components to cover the current & future local diesel qualities.

Scope Method Sample Compatibility Materials Compatibility

Steel Corrosion Rate Elastomer and Plastomer

ASTM G 31 ASTM D4625 -Elastomers immersed in bio blends -Weight and volume measurement, hardness and tensile test performed

B0,B5,B10,B20,B100 B0,B5,B10,B20,B100 Specimen:Rubber, plastomer

Lubricant Compatibility

Dry Aral Test

B0,B5,B10,B20,B100 Lubricant:Mineral, semi, fully-synthetic

Additive Compatibility

Critical Tests: Foaming (BnPe) Electrical Conductivity (ASTM D 2624) Water Separation (ASTM D1094) Rust Prevention (ASTM D665)

B0, B5, B10, B20, B100 Additive: MFA package

Microbiological Growth

Enumeration of Bacteria : Weekly sampling(for12 month) Identification of Bacteria : Monthly sampling(12 month)

B0,B5,B10, B20,B100 (as in Long Term Storage Stability test)

Blend And Compatibility/Stability

Note: Petroleum diesel will be blended from components to cover the current & future local diesel qualities.

The Program…

Blending Study

Compatibility & Stability Study

Performance & No-Harm Testing

Submission for ammendments to

diesel specifications

Submission for OEM endorsement

Deliverables:•Data on performance of diesel-olein blends (injector fouling, power, emissions)•Demonstration of no-harm effect of diesel-olein blend

Deliverables:•Impact of olein to diesel specifications – MS123, Euro2M, Euro4M

Deliverables:•Compatibility of diesel –olein on metal, additive, lubricants.•Stability of blends

Important to get OEM and Oil Industry on board to address their concerns

M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11 M12 M13M1

Performance & No-Harm Evaluation

Objective• To compare the performance of diesel-palm olein blends against

petroleum diesel• To determine & demonstrate the no-harm effect of palm olein in

diesel blends to the engine & fuel systems.

Brief• Performance comparison of neat and selected blends in terms of

nozzle coking, power, fuel economy & emissions on test bed• Field trial with 12 passenger cars and 8 heavy duty vehicles covering

different technologies and classifications – IDI, CDI, DI technologies; SUVs to luxury cars.

• Evaluations on 50,000km field trial : performance, emissions, lubricants interactions, fuel system cleanliness/compatibility.


Scope Method Sample Engine Performance and No Harm Power and Smoke Test

Full Load Power Test Free Acc Smoke Test Engine: MAN10L and PSA XUD 9A/L

Unadditised : B0,B5,B10,B20 Additised: B5

Injector Fouling

XUD9 Procedure (CEC-F-23-A-01) Note: injector evaluation is based on IDI system only and is measured in terms of flow loss. Deposit lacquer & morphology is not included.

Unadditised : B0,B5,B10,B15,B20 Additised with 1 treat rate: B0 Additised with 3 treat rate: B5,B20

Vehicle Emissions

ECE R15-04 +EUDC

Unadditised: B0, B5,B10.B20 Additised: B5


Scope Method Sample Engine Performance and No Harm Vehicle Field Trial - Light Duty

Vehicle Model: : Mercedes CDI(4unit), TOYOTA Hilux CDI(4unit), Mitsubishi Storm IDI(4unit) Mileage: 50,000km- (800km daily) via controlled routes Test Conducted at SOT, EOT : Injector Flow ?Smoke Test Power Curve Acceleration Fuel Consumption Emissions Engine Cleanliness and Wear Evaluation Fuel System (Fuel Line, Injector and Pump) Inspection Engine Seals and Plastic Component Inspection Vehicle Fuel Sampling and Lub Oil Sampling (every 5000km)

B0 ( 2+2+2 vehicle) B5 ( 2+2+2 vehicle)

Vehicle Field Trial - Heavy Duty

Vehicle Model: Bus or truck fleet (8) (vehicle models depend on participating fleet) Mileage: 50,000km daily route commuted by fleet Test Conducted at SOT, EOT: Injector Flow Smoke Test Fuel Consumption Engine Cleanliness and Wear Evaluation Fuel System (Fuel Line, Injector, Pump) Inspection Engine Seals and Plastic Component Inspection Vehicle Fuel Sampling and Lub Oil Sampling (every 5000km)

B0 ( 4vehicle) B5 ( 4 vehicle)

ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITIES

Vehicles Vehicles Inspection & Inspection & PreparationPreparation

Vehicle Pre-condition Check e.g engine compression, braking system, tires, engine cooling system, exhaust system etc.

Fuel system flushing with TEST FUEL. Engine parts dismantling. Engine parts cleaning e.g cylinder head, top pistons, injectors,

valves and other necessary parts. Photos on top pistons, cylinder head & injectors fuel spray will

be captured. Fuel injection pump inspection. Engine parts reassembling. Vehicle operation check.

Vehicle Testing at Vehicle Testing at Zero Mileage Zero Mileage AccumulationAccumulation

50,000 km Mileage 50,000 km Mileage AccumulationAccumulation

Vehicle Testing Vehicle Testing at 50,000 km at 50,000 km

Mileage Mileage AccumulationAccumulation

Post-trial Post-trial AnalysisAnalysis

Field Tests Program

ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITIES

Vehicle Vehicle Inspection & Inspection & PreparationPreparation

Emissions & Fuel Consumption tests (ECE R15-04 + EUDC test cycle).

Power output test (Wide Open Throttle Test) Acceleration test Driveability test Injector fouling test. Black smoke test.






Field Tests Program

ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITIES


Fill in the Driver’s Log Book during Pre & Post-mileage accumulation.

Start mileage accumulation using the identified routes. 800 km mileage will be accumulated daily. Oil filter & oil change will be done at the recommended mileage by

the vehicle manufacturer. Driver’s feedback on the vehicle performance during mileage

accumulation will be recorded. Engine oil sampling and analysis at every 5000 km. Black smoke test at every 5000 km. Any maintenance carry out will be recorded. Mileage will be accumulated up to 50,000 km.






Field Tests Program

Vehicles Vehicles Inspection & Inspection & PreparationPreparation






ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITIES

Emissions & Fuel Consumption tests (ECE R15-04 + EUDC test cycle).

Power output test (Wide Open Throttle Test) Acceleration test Driveability test Injector fouling test. Black smoke test.

Field Tests Program



50000 km Mileage 50000 km Mileage AccumulationAccumulation

Vehicle Testing Vehicle Testing at 50000 km at 50000 km



ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITIES Engine parts dismantling.

Photos on top pistons, cylinder head & injectors fuel spray will be captured.

Fuel injection pump inspection. Engine parts reassembling. Vehicle operation check.

Field Tests Program

The Timeline…

The Timeline…cont..

What we need from OEM…

• Constructive feedback on the program

• Participate directly and contribute to program – procedures, test vehicles, conduct inhouse tests etc.

• Common rail flow measurement methods

• Engine & FIE inspection procedures

• Materials for compatibility tests

What we need from Oil Industry...

• Constructive feedback on proposed programme

• Fuel additives for compatibility

• Blending components for petroleum diesel

• Types of material for compatibility with fuel supply system

Next Step

• To examine OEMs & Oil Industry feedback and incorporate into program (subject to approval by MPOB).

Thank you….

Physical & Chemical Properties analysisNo Properties Test Method

1 Density at 15°C ASTM D 4052 2 Distillation ASTM D 86 3 Sulphur Content ASTM D 2622 4 Cetane Number ASTM D 6890 5 PAH Content IP 391 6 CHNSO Content Elemental Analyser 7 Viscosity at 40°C ASTM D 445 8 Flash point ASTM D 93 9 Colour/Visual Inspection ASTM D 1500

10 Cloud Point ASTM D2500 11 Pour Point ASTM D 97 12 Cold Filter Plugging Point ASTM D 6371 13 Copper Strip Corrosion ASTM D 130 14 Total Acid Number ASTM D 664 15 Water & Sediment Content ASTM D2709 / D6304 / D473 16 Phosphorus Content ASTM D 4951 / In-House (ICP) 17 Ash Content ASTM D 482 18 Micro Carbon Residue Test ASTM 4530 19 Gross Calorific Value ASTM D 240 20 Sulphated Ash ASTM D 874 21 Silver Strip Corrosion IP 227 22 Hydrocarbon Composition In-House (HPLC) 23 Lubricity ASTM D 6079

Critical tests for storage stability

Physical properties Test Method

Density ASTM D 4052

Viscosity at 40°C ASTM D 445

Water Content ASTM D6304

Sediment Content ASTM D 473

Ash Content ASTM D 482

Colour ASTM D 1500

TAN ASTM D 665

palm olein in automotive diesel for ueda n furui

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