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PALIN GRANIT OY

• Founded 1921, family-owned • Quarrying and manufacturing blocks • Quarries in SW and SE Finland

• Personnel 100

• Annual production 40 000 m3

• Export 90% o China, Italy, Spain, Poland, Taiwan, Germany, Russia

Natural stone industry today and the future challenges Olavi Selonen, Palin Granit Oy

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CHALLENGES FOR STONE INDUSTRY

• Role and concept of natural stone industry • Availability of stone material • Environmental issues • Use of left-over stone • Availability of skilled work force • Growth of export of stone and added value • Promotion for use of stone in domestic construction • Promotion the culture connected to memorial stone • Co-operation with developers in stone sector • Strengthening the business management in stone industry

• Strengthening the technological knowledge in stone industry

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EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES

• Mining industry

• Aggregate industry

• Natural stone industry

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GEOLOGY, EXPLORATION

• Correlation between geology and location of deposits/quality of stone

Heldal, T., Kjølle, I., Meyer, G.B. & Dahlgren, S. 2008. National treasure of global significance. Dimension-stone deposits in larvikite, Oslo igneous province, Norway. Geological Survey of Norway Special Publication 11, 5–18.

Selonen, O., Ehlers, C., Luodes, H. & Härmä, P. 2014. Exploration methods for granitic natural stones - geological and topographical aspects from case studies in Finland. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finland 86, 5-22.

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PROCESS STONE TYPE Granite Schist Soapstone Marble MAGMATIC PROCESSES -intrusions - type - structure - emplacement -volcanism

- sheet-like plutons parallel to the erosion surface indicate a large area of raw material for granite, whereas subvertical intrusions cover only a small part of the present peneplane - in mafic layered intrusions the pyroxene bearing phases are potential for black granite - late to post-tectonic/anorogenic intrusions indicate potential areas for granite

Ultramafic rocks, komatites Mg, Ca

METAMORPHIC PROCESSES -metamorphic grade - mineral composition - parent material -contact metamorphism

-high grade areas indicate potential for multi-coloured granites -limited amount of biotite, and pelitic or igneous parent material is beneficial for deposits.

3-5 kBar 300-550 C CO2 partial pressure

P & T contact metamorphism

DEFORMATIONAL PROCESSES -lineaments and shear zones -folding -fault zones and fracture zones -shape preferred mineral orientations (SPO) -foliation -lineation (-magmatic foliation)

-lineaments and shear zones indicate control of emplacement -lineaments and shear zones often border blocks with different metamorphic grades -folding of sheet-like intrusions indicates different amount of exposure (see above) -fold limbs seem to be combined with more intense SPOs than the massive hinges -faults and fractures indicate sparsely fractured areas -regular fracture patterns indicate sparsely fractured areas -subhorizontal SPOs indicate a well-developed, but often a dense sheeting (close to the terrain surface), and flat topography -subvertical SPOs indicate sparser sheeting than the subhorizontal fabrics -L>S-tectonites may have a higher potential for natural stone than L

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ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

• Environmental impact of natural stone production o groundwater/surface water o noise o vibration o dust o nature values o left-over stone and waste o landscape

• Landscaping of quarries • After-use of quarries

• Legislation/Permits

• Sustainability o production o material

• durability

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After-use of quarries

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After-use of quarries

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PROSPECT/QUARRY DEVELOPMENT, TECHNOLOGY

• Assessment methods o colour, fractures o geophysical methods

• Quarrying methods o the Finnish method o diamond wire o underground o etc.

• Quarrying technology o positioning o automation o energy consumption

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ADDRESSED BY THE STONE INDUSTRY

• Environmental impact during the life cycle of Finnish natural stone production

• Best environmental practices in natural stone production • After-use of natural stone quarries • Dissertation on dust emissions from natural stone quarrying • Asrocks project on arsenic concentrations • Several studies on left-over stone • EPDs • Health and safety in quarrying of stone (safequ project) • MINIMAN project on discharges of nitrogen from explosives • CLASS project on permeable pavements • Green Mining programme for extractive industries • Testing of all Finnish commercial stones • Freeze-thaw testing • Projects on prospecting and geology

Slide Number 1Palin granit oySlide Number 3Slide Number 4CHALLENGES FOR STONE INDUSTRYExtractive industriesGEOLOGY, EXPLORATIONSlide Number 8ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUESSlide Number 10Slide Number 11Prospect/QUARRY DEVELOPMENT, TECHNOLOGYADDRESSED BY THE STONE INDUSTRY