paleolithic and neolithic age - mrs. kristin...
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Paleolithic and Neolithic AgeUnit I
Hominids
Australopithecus East Africa
4 million – 1 million years ago
Stone Tools
Homo Erectus East Africa
2.5 million – 200,000 years ago
Sophisticated Tools
Control Fire
Develop Language
Homo Sapiens 100,000 years ago spread
throughout Eurasia
Populated over continents via Ice Age
Used tools and controlled fire
Out of Africa Theory
Paleolithic Society
Economic Life No Private Property Classless Existence
Society Lived in Small Bands, 30-50 members Hunting with special tools and tactics (Some) Permanent Settlements Settled in areas rich in sources
Paleolithic Culture Neandertal Peoples
Europe and SW Asia, 100,000-35,000 years ago
Deliberate burials
Capable of Emotions and Feelings
Cro-Magnon Peoples (Homo SapienSapien)
First Human Beings, 40,000 years ago
Venus Figurines - - Fertility Statues
Cave Paintings of Animals
Results of Agriculture
Neolithic Era (New Stone Age) 12,000-6,000 years ago
Women begin systematic cultivation of plants
Men begin to domesticate animals
Early Agriculture 9,000 years ago
More work than Hunting and Gathering
Larger and More Steady Food Supply
Population Explosion Emergence of Cities and Towns
Eventually Large and Complex
Built along Rivers
Specialization of Labor
Social Stratification
Calendar
Life Cycles/ Deities
Ancient River Valley SocietiesUnit I
Code of Hammurabi
55. If a man open his canal for irrigation and neglect it and he let the water carry an adjacent field, he shall measure out grain on the basis of the adjacent fields.
132. If the finger have been pointed at the wife of a man because of another man, and she have not been taken in lying with another man, for her husband she shall throw herself into the sacred river.
195. If a man strike his father, they shall cut off his hand.
196. If a man destroy the eye of another man, they shall destroy his eye.
197. If he breaks a man’s bone, they shall break his bone.
198. If he story the eye of a common man or break a bone of a common man, he shall pay one mana of silver.
199. If he destroy the eye of a man’s slave or break a bone of a man’s slave, he shall pay one-half his price.
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Ancient River Civilizations
What makes a city?Government
Art/architecture
Religion
Social Classes
Job specification
Agriculture
Military
Mesopotamia
Government: City-states
Public Works (TAXES)
ziggurats
defensive walls
irrigation system
military
Monarchy
Hammurabi
Code, Regular Taxation
Nebuchadnezzar
Hanging Gardens
Egypt
Government Kingdom
Large population
Natural barriers
Divine Kingships
Favorable view of gods
Pyramids
84,000 laborers, 84 days a year, 20 years
Army (Hyks0s)
Bureaucracy
Indus River Valley
Government Great Geographic location
Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa
No political evidence, until later regional kingdoms
city walls, large granary (taxes)
standard weights and measures, architectural style, brick size
no military
religion = social organization
Zhou Dynasty China
Zhou Mandate of Heaven
earthly events tie heavily to heavenly affairs
Ruler link between heavy and earth
God Rulers Rule, Bad Rulers DON'T
Harmony in the world
"Son of Heaven"
Olmecs and Mayans
Government Geography
Isolation
Pyramids, Colossal heads
Temple of the Giant Jaguar
Authoritative Rule evident
small city-kingdoms
constant warfare
warriors held prestige
Agriculture
no large domesticated animals
no wheeled vehicles
captives as slaves