paleolandforms and prehistoric site potential on the mid-atlantic ocs
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Paleolandforms and Prehistoric Site Potential on the Mid-Atlantic OCS
Daria E. Merwin Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University
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bight: a bend in an open shoreline New York Bight: between southern New Jersey and eastern Long Island Mid-Atlantic Bight: between the Chesapeake Bay and Cape Cod
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Terrestrial archaeological sites in the Hudson Valley (Funk, page xiii)
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Funk, Robert E. 1976 Recent Contributions to Hudson Valley Prehistory. New York State Museum Memoir 22, The University of the State of N
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Emery and Edwards 1966
American Antiquity
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Emery, K.O. and R. Edwards. 1966, Archaeological potential of the Atlantic continental shelf. American Antiquity 31:733–737.
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Excavation of shell midden deposit at the Stony Brook site (Terminal Archaic, ca. 3,000 B.P.) 6
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Early Native American
subsistence and
settlement patterns in
the New York Bight
likely had significant
coastal components
which have been
obscured by rising sea
levels.
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Prehistoric Chronology for the Middle Atlantic Region
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Period Dates Comments
Late Woodland 1,000 – 500 B.P. Late Holocene
modern sea level; triangular (Levanna, Madison) projectile points
Middle Woodland 2,000 – 1,000 B.P. Late Holocene
sea level very close to modern position; points include Jack’s Reef, Selby Bay/Fox Creek
Early Woodland 2,700 – 2,000 B.P. Late Holocene
sea level close to modern position; points include Adena, Calvert, Rossville
Terminal Archaic 3,000 – 2,700 B.P. Late Holocene
sea level within 2-3 meters of modern position; small stemmed, Orient fishtail points
Late Archaic 6,000 – 3,000 B.P. Mid-Holocene
sea levels between 3 and 15 meters lower; variety of side-notched (Brewerton) and stemmed (Lamoka) points
Middle Archaic 8,000 – 6,000 B.P. Mid-Holocene
sea levels between 15 and 25 meters lower; stemmed (Morrow Mtn, Neville, Stanly) points
Early Archaic 10,000 – 8,000 B.P. Early Holocene
sea levels between 25 and 40 meters lower; corner-notched (Kirk, Palmer) and bifurcate base (LeCroy) points
Paleoindian 12,500 – 10,000 B.P. Late Pleistocene
sea levels more than 40 meters lower; fluted projectile points
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Mashantucket Pequot Museum Exhibits
Archaic camp life
Paleoindian hunting
Woodland farming
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Prehistoric Chronology for the Middle Atlantic Region
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Period Dates Comments
Late Woodland 1,000 – 500 B.P. Late Holocene
modern sea level; triangular (Levanna, Madison) projectile points
Middle Woodland 2,000 – 1,000 B.P. Late Holocene
sea level very close to modern position; points include Jack’s Reef, Selby Bay/Fox Creek
Early Woodland 2,700 – 2,000 B.P. Late Holocene
sea level close to modern position; points include Adena, Calvert, Rossville
Terminal Archaic 3,000 – 2,700 B.P. Late Holocene
sea level within 2-3 meters of modern position; small stemmed, Orient fishtail points
Late Archaic 6,000 – 3,000 B.P. Mid-Holocene
sea levels between 3 and 15 meters lower; variety of side-notched (Brewerton) and stemmed (Lamoka) points
Middle Archaic 8,000 – 6,000 B.P. Mid-Holocene
sea levels between 15 and 25 meters lower; stemmed (Morrow Mtn, Neville, Stanly) points
Early Archaic 10,000 – 8,000 B.P. Early Holocene
sea levels between 25 and 40 meters lower; corner-notched (Kirk, Palmer) and bifurcate base (LeCroy) points
Paleoindian 12,500 – 10,000 B.P. Late Pleistocene
sea levels more than 40 meters lower; fluted projectile points
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Where are the early sites? some explanations
missed because of lack of materials to date directly and/or ambiguous artifact styles
site preservation issues (eroded, deeply buried, or inundated)
sites exist, but not a research priority and/or we’re not searching in the right places
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found in water from present mean sea level to 60 meters deep (most are intertidal or nearshore)
mostly Archaic period, but all eras (Paleoindian, Archaic, and Woodland) represented
range from isolated fluted projectile point to large multicomponent deposits
Known Underwater Archaeological Sites
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Map of megafauna finds from Snow, p. 104 14
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Projectile point found on reconnaissance dive, submerged karst river valley in the northern Gulf of Mexico
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Digital elevation model of the New
York Bight showing location of submerged
prehistoric deposits adjacent to the Hudson River
(image from
http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/02hudson )
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Thanks Mrs. C.!
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Corcione collection projectile points, including two Early Holocene bifurcate base points (upper left) 20
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Unmodified flakes from the Corcione collection 21
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Sample of bifaces from the Corcione collection 22
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Black chert flakes from offshore survey block 5 24
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present
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Special Thanks to Brian Jordan and David Ball, BOEMRE Brian Thomas and others at TRC for
the opportunity to contribute to the Atlantic OCS Archaeological Study
dissertation committee members
David Bernstein, John Shea, Elizabeth Stone, Nina Versaggi
Dana Linck, former Park Archeologist, Gateway NRA
Archaeological Society of New Jersey and Hudson River Foundation, gratefully acknowledged for funding
Helene Corcione
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References Emery, K.O. and R. Edwards. 1966, Archaeological
potential of the Atlantic continental shelf. American Antiquity 31:733–737.
Funk, R.E. 1976. Recent Contributions to Hudson Valley Prehistory. New York State Museum Memoir 22, The University of the State of New York, Albany.
Snow, D.R. 1980. The archaeology of New England. New York: Adademic Press. 379 pp.
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