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70249

PALPALLINE EXTENDER AMPLIFIERLINE EXTENDER AMPLIFIERINSTALLATION AND OPERATIONINSTALLATION AND OPERATIONMANUALMANUAL

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PALPALLINE EXTENDER AMPLIFIERLINE EXTENDER AMPLIFIERINSTALLATION AND OPERATIONINSTALLATION AND OPERATIONMANUALMANUAL

Data, drawings, and other materialcontained herein are proprietary toANTEC Network Technologies andmay not be reproduced or duplicatedin any form without the priorpermission of ANTEC NetworkTechnologies.

When ordering parts from ANTECNetwork Technologies, be sure toinclude the equipment model number,equipment serial number, and adescription of the part.

In all correspondence with ANTECNetwork Technologies regarding thispublication, please refer to:

70249First Edition – 4/98

© 1998 by ANTEC Network TechnologiesAll rights reserved. No part of this bookmay be reproduced in any form or byany means, without permission inwriting from ANTEC NetworkTechnologies.

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70249 PAL Installation and Operation 1-1

Section 1General Information

Overview

Introduction This manual describes installation and operation of the PAL Line ExtenderAmplifier.

ManualContents

This manual contains four sections.• Section 1 - General Information• Section 2 - Installation• Section 3 - Operation• Section 4 - Theory of Operation

How to Use thisManual

This manual is divided into the sections listed above. Major topics in eachsection are listed at the beginning of the section. Use these lists to find thedesired information.

In this Section This section contains these major topics.

Topic See PageOverview 1-1How to Contact ANTEC Network Technologies 1-2We Welcome Your Comments 1-3Safety 1-4Equipment Description 1-8Equipment Specifications 1-11List of Abbreviations 1-17

Section 1 - General Information

1-2 PAL Installation and Operation 70249

How to Contact ANTEC Network Technologies

Overview ANTEC Network Technologies Customer Service and Technical Service areready to assist you as necessary.

How to ContactANTECNetworkTechnologies

Here’s how to contact us.

In the USA . . . Outside the USA . . .By phone, call 1-800-FIBERME andpress 2 for Technical Service

By mail, write to:ANTEC Network TechnologiesAttention: Technical Service11450 Technology CircleDuluth, GA 30097

Contact your ANTEC NetworkTechnologies sales office forassistance. Sales offices are listed onthe back cover of this manual.



We Welcome Your Comments

Overview We welcome your comments on this manual. User comments are an importantsource of ideas to improve our manuals.

How toComment

By Mail . . . By E-mail:Complete the comment card andmail. The card is inside the backcover of this manual.

Send a message to:[email protected]



Safety

Overview Safety of personnel is the primary concern during all operation andmaintenance procedures.

Emergency Plan Have an emergency plan. Know the procedures for obtaining first-aid andfirefighting assistance. Plan your work and maintain good housekeeping. Yoursafety and the quality of the product depend on it.

Resuscitation Personnel working with or near hazardous voltages or chemicals should befamiliar with modern methods of resuscitation.

Continued on next page



Safety, Continued

Admonishments Warnings, cautions and notes are placed in the text of this manual asnecessary. Observe all these admonishments.

Each type of admonishment is denoted by a graphic symbol and a title. Thetable below lists the types of admonishments.

Admonishment Graphic Symbol Meaning

DANGER Electrical hazard.

DANGER Laser light hazard.

DANGER Lifting object hazard.

DANGER Mechanical hazard.

DANGER Chemical Hazard

WARNING Possible interruption ofcustomer service.

CAUTION Possible damage toequipment.

NOTE none Highlights criticalinformation. No personnelor equipment hazards.




Safety, Continued

ElectricalSafetySummary

These are general electrical safety precautions that are not related to anyspecific procedure. These are recommended precautions that personnel shouldunderstand and apply.

AdditionalRequirements

Your organization may have additional safety requirements. Theserecommendations in no way supersede any safety requirements of yourorganization.

ElectricalWarnings

WARNING

Avoid shorting circuits when using metal tools. Somecircuits have high current capability. When shorted,these circuits will flash and may cause burns or eyeinjury.

Remove all jewelry and exposed metal objects frombody and clothing before performing maintenance,adjustments or troubleshooting. Before working insidethe equipment, remove all power unless power isrequired to perform the procedure.

Servicing this equipment may require working withprotective covers removed and ac power connected. Useextreme caution during these procedures.

Failure to observe these warnings may result in death orsevere injury.




Safety, Continued

MechanicalSafetySummary

These are general mechanical safety precautions that are not related to anyspecific procedure. These are recommended precautions that personnel shouldunderstand and apply.

AdditionalRequirements

Your organization may have additional safety requirements. Theserecommendations in no way supersede any safety requirements of yourorganization.

MechanicalWarnings

WARNING

Overhead hazards, either because items may fall orbecause personnel may strike them unintentionally, aretypical around industrial sites. Never stand underneathanything while it is hoisted. Always wear a hard hat,especially if someone is above you.



Equipment Description

Overview This section contains a high-level physical and functional description of thePAL Line Extender Amplifier.

Diagram This diagram shows the PAL Line Extender Amplifier.




Equipment Description, Continued

PhysicalDescription

The PAL Line Extender Amplifier consists of a metal housing and internalelectrical components. The housing has a hinged lid to allow internal access. Itis weather-resistant and is intended for outdoor use.




Equipment Description, Continued

FunctionalDescription

The amplifier receives forward path RF signals, amplifies the signals andoutputs them on one or two RF ports. The one-port version is the 1PAL andthe two-port version is the 2PAL.

40 - 90 V ac input power is converted to +24 V dc to power the internalcomponents of the node.

An optional reverse path amplifier can be installed for RF reverse pathapplications.

Diagram This diagram shows the system-level inputs and outputs of the amplifier.

PAL L ineExtender Ampli f ier

Forward Path Input (RF)

Reverse Path Output (RF)

40-90 V ac Power Input

Forward Path RF Outputs(1 or 2)

Reverse Path Input



Equipment Specifications

Overview This section describes electrical, physical and environmental specifications ofthe PAL Line Extender Amplifier.

ElectricalSpecifications

The tables below list electrical specifications of each version of the PAL LineExtender Amplifier.

750 MHz PAL Forward Path Specifications with ReturnxPAL-75-14-x2-xx-xx-19

Parameter xPAL-75-14-x2-xx-xx-19

Return

00- RF- RH-

Passband 45-750 MHz 5-40 MHz

Operational Gain 13.5 dB -6 dB 18 dB 24 dB

Minimum Full Gain 14.7 dB -5 dB 19 dB 25 dB

Frequency Response ±0.75 dB ±0.75 dB

Return Loss -14 dB -14 dB

Test Point Level/Accuracy 30±1 dB 30±1 dB

Noise Figure 9.6 dB 6 dB 5.2 dB

Output Level (55/550/750MHz)

38/45/48 dBmV 40 dBmV

Nonlinear Distortion 77 ch

66 dB N/A 87 dB 81 dB

64 dB N/A 79 dB 77 dB

C/XM 67 dB N/A 75 dB 74 dB

C/HUM 60 dB 60 dB

Chroma Delay

27 ns

11 ns

7 ns




Equipment Specifications, Continued

ElectricalSpecifications -continued



Return

ASGFixedGain

00- RF- RH-


Operational Gain 28 dB -6 dB 18 dB 24 dB

Minimum Full Gain 34 dB 30.5 dB -5 dB 19 dB 25 dB


Slope/Gain Control Range 3.5 dB N/A

Output Level Stability 1 dB N/A



Noise Figure 10.0 dB 10.2 dB 6 dB 5.2 dB


38/45/48 dBmV 40 dBmV


C/CSO 65 dB 67 dB N/A 87 dB 81 dB

C/CTB 63 dB 67 dB N/A 79 dB 77 dB

C/XM 63 dB 69 dB N/A 75 dB 74 dB

60 dB 60 dB

Chroma Delay

27 ns

Ch 3 (61 MHz) 11 ns

All other channels 7 ns








Return

ASGFixedGain

00- RF- RH-



Minimum Full Gain 38 dB 34.5 dB -5 dB 19 dB 25 dB


Slope/Gain Control Range 3.5 dB N/A

Output Level Stability 1 dB N/A



Noise Figure 10.0 dB 11.3 dB 6 dB 5.2 dB


38/45/48 dBmV 40 dBmV


C/CSO 64 dB 67 dB N/A 87 dB 81 dB

C/CTB 62 dB 67 dB N/A 79 dB 77 dB

C/XM 63 dB 68 dB N/A 75 dB 74 dB

60 dB 60 dB

Chroma Delay

27 ns

Ch 3 (61 MHz) 11 ns

All other channels 7 ns








Return

00- RF- RH-



Minimum Full Gain 38.5 dB -5 dB 19 dB 25 dB




Noise Figure 12.1 dB 6 dB 5.2 dB


38/45/48 dBmV 40 dBmV


67 dB N/A 87 dB 81 dB

66 dB N/A 79 dB 77 dB

C/XM 69 dB N/A 75 dB 74 dB

C/HUM 60 dB 60 dB

Chroma Delay

Ch 2 (55MHz) 27 ns

11 ns

7 ns




Power Input The table below lists power specifications for the PAL Line ExtenderAmplifier.

Parameter xPAL-75-xx-x2-F0-00 -19 xPAL-75-xx-x2-F0-RF -19 xPAL-75-xx-x2-F0-RH -19

AC Input Voltage Range 40-90 V ac

DC Input Current 780 mA 1010 mA 915 mA

AC Input Current

40 V ac 630 mA 820 mA 790 mA

60 Vac 500 mA 620 mA 570 mA

90 V ac 440 mA 520 mA 490 mA

DC Ripple 50 mV

Input Bypass Current 8A




PhysicalSpecifications

The table below lists physical specifications of the PAL Line ExtenderAmplifier.

Item SpecificationLength 11 in (27.9 cm)Height 5 in (12.7 cm)Width 8 in (20.3 cm)Weight 8 lbs (3.5 kg)

EnvironmentalSpecifications

The table below lists environmental specifications.

Item SpecificationOperating Temperature -40 - 140 ºF (-40 - 60 ºC)Operating Humidity 0 -95%, non-condensing



List of Abbreviations

Overview This table lists non-standard abbreviations in this manual.

AbbreviationsAbbreviation Definition

CSO composite second orderCTB composite triple beatEQ equalizernsec nanosecondNTSC National Television Standards CommitteeRR return for repair



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**END OF SECTION**


Section 2Installation

Overview

Introduction This section describes installation of the PAL Line Extender Amplifier.


Topic See PageOverview 2-1Unpacking 2-2Inspection 2-3How to Return Equipment 2-4Recommended Tools and Equipment 2-6Installation 2-7

Section 2 - Installation


Unpacking

Overview ANTEC Network Technologies thoroughly inspects and carefully packs allequipment before shipment. At the time of shipment, the carrier assumesresponsibility for its safe delivery. Contact the carrier immediately if damagehas occurred.

Procedure Unpack the PAL Line Extender Amplifier according to the procedure below.

Step Action1 Inspect shipping carton for visible damage.2 Open the shipping carton. (Do not destroy shipping cartons until

installation is complete.)3 Remove all packing material.4 Inspect unit for visible damage.



Inspection

What to doabout VisibleLoss or Damage

Report visible loss or damage as follows.

NOTE

Failure to adequately describe external evidenceof loss or damage may result in the carrierrefusing to honor a damage claim.

Step Action1 Obtain a claim form from the carrier.2 Make a note of any loss or evidence of external damage on the

freight bill or receipt.3 Have freight bill or receipt signed by the carrier's agent

What to doaboutConcealedDamage

Concealed damage is not apparent until after unpacking. The contents may bedamaged in transit due to rough handling even though the carton may notshow external damage. The carrier is responsible for hidden damage caused intransit. If you follow these instructions carefully, ANTEC NetworkTechnologies guarantees its full support of your claims to protect you againstloss from concealed damage.

Step Action1 If you discover damage after unpacking, make a written request for

inspection by the carrier's agent within 15 days of delivery date.2 File any claims with the carrier, not ANTEC Network

Technologies.



How to Return Equipment

Overview ANTEC Network Technologies makes every effort to ensure parts andequipment arrive in working condition. Occasionally, it may be necessary toreturn parts or equipment that are not in working condition.

Procedure Follow this procedure to return equipment.

Step Action1 Contact ANTEC Network Technologies . . .

In the US Outside the USCall Technical Service at1-800-FIBERME, press 2 atthe voice prompt and requesta Return for Repair (RR)number.

Contact your sales office forassistance. Sales offices arelisted on the back cover of thismanual.

2 Tag or otherwise identify the defective equipment. Be sure to writethe RR number on the tag. Also, please reference the sales orderand purchase order, and state the date the equipment was received.

3

CAUTION

Do not use Styrofoam chips (peanuts).Use of Styrofoam chips (peanuts) willvoid the warranty.

Pack the equipment in the original container and protective packingmaterial, if possible. If the original packing material is not available,use a sturdy corrugated box and appropriate protective packingmaterial.




How to Return Equipment, Continued

Procedure (continued)

Step Action4 Be sure to include this information:

Your NameCompany NameStreet AddressCity, State and Zip CodeTelephone NumberRR NumberProblem Description

5 Ship equipment to ANTEC Network Technologies as directed byCustomer Service. Be sure to ship equipment prepaid. ANTECNetwork Technologies will not accept freight collect. Shipequipment to the address listed inHow To Contact ANTEC Network Technologies.



Recommended Tools and Equipment

Tools andEquipment

These recommended tools and equipment are required for installation.

Quantity Description1 Torque wrench and ½-inch socket for messenger cable

clamp bolts and cover bolts1 Long-nose pliers1 3/8 in socket wrench1 True rms voltmeter1 ¼-inch flat-blade screwdriver1 #2 Phillips screwdriver



Installation

Overview The PAL can be mounted on a strand, pedestal or wall. After installation, referto the procedures in Section 3, Operation, to activate the PAL.

In this Section This installation section contains the following procedures.

Topic See PageStrand Mount 2-8Pedestal or Wall Mount 2-10Cable Installation 2-11Apply Power 2-12Voltage Check 2-13Housing Closure 2-14



Strand Mount

Description This section applies to outdoor housing units. Strand mounting allows street-side access to the housing. After mounting, the coax can be connected toeither end port of the housing.

Diagram Refer to the diagrams below for strand mounting.

Messenger Clamp Bolts (2)Messenger Cable

7.68"

10.5"

5.68

Messenger Cable

Messenger Clamp Bolts (2)




Strand Mount, Continued

Procedure Follow this procedure to mount the housing to the messenger cable.

Step Action1 Loosen messenger cable clamp bolts.2 Lift the housing and position the strand inside the grooves of the

two messenger cable clamp bolts.3 Use the torque wrench and the ½-inch socket to tighten the

messenger cable clamp bolts to 5-8 ft/lbs (6.8 - 10.8 N·m).4 Follow the alignment procedure in Forward Path Setup in

Section 3.5 If the reverse path is used, follow the alignment procedure in

Reverse Path Setup in Section 3.



Pedestal or Wall Mount

Description This section applies to outdoor housing units. Two threaded holes on the backof the housing allow pedestal or wall mounting.

Procedure Follow this procedure for pedestal or wall mounting.

Step Action1 Secure the housing to the pedestal bracket with the self-tapping

messenger clamp bolts.2 Use the strand clamps for spacers as required.3 Follow the alignment procedure in Forward Path Setup in

Section 3.4 If the reverse path is used, follow the alignment procedure in

Reverse Path Setup in Section 3.



RF Cable Installation

Overview The RF cables carry both forward and reverse path signals. The RF cables alsosupply the 40 - 90 V ac power input.

Procedure Install RF cables as follows.

Step Action1 Determine which ports receive an RF cable for your configuration.2 Assemble connector to cable according to manufacturer’s

instructions.3 Trim connector pin length to 1 3/8 in (35 mm) from connector

shoulder.4 Open housing according to Opening the Housing.5 Fully loosen center conductor seize screw.6 Fit connector to housing and torque to manufacturer’s

specification. Do not exceed recommended torque.7 Firmly tighten center conductor seize screw. Do not over-tighten.8 Close housing according to Closing the Housing.



Apply Power

Overview The PAL requires an input power of 40 - 90 V ac. This power can be suppliedby any of the RF cables.

Procedure Apply power as described below.

Step Action1 Determine which of the RF cables also carry the 40 - 90 V ac input

power.2 Connect power shunts that correspond to the ac-powered RF ports.

The shunt numbers correspond to RF port numbers.3 Remove shunts of ports not used for powering.4

IF . . . THEN . . .AC power will pass throughthe amplifier to other networkunits

ensure the through fuse isinstalled

AC power will not passthrough the amplifer to othernetwork units

remove the through fuse

5 Perform the Voltage Check procedure.



Voltage Check

Overview Always check both ac and dc voltages during initial setup of the amplifier.

Procedure Check ac and dc voltages as follows.

Step Action1 Use the true rms voltmeter to verify that line voltage is between 40

and 100 V ac at the seizure screw.2 Check for +24 V dc output voltage of the power supply at the dc

test point.



Housing Closure

Closing theHousing

Close the housing as follows.

Step Action1 Ensure gaskets are clean and undamaged. Replace as necessary.

Use small amount of silicon to help gasket seal.2

CAUTION

Use caution when closing housing.Improper closing may result in the PALnot being sealed from the elements.

Carefully close the lid. Be sure the alignment pins on the base lineup with the holes in the lid.

3 For strand-mounted housings, pull the lid away from the base andremove the slack from the hinge before while rotating the lid uptoward the base.

4 Ensure no cables are pinched between lid and base.5 Secure lid to base with bolts. Use a torque wrench with a 3/8 in

socket to tighten in a crossing pattern to 5 ft/lbs(6.8 N·m).

1

4

3

2

**END OF SECTION**

70249. PAL Installation and Operation 3-1

Section 3Setup and Operation

Overview

Introduction This section describes how to set up and operate the PAL Line ExtenderAmplifier. These procedures assume the amplifier is installed according to theprocedures in Section 2 of this manual.

In this SectionTopic See Page

Overview 3-1Tools and Test Equipment 3-2Forward Path Alignment 3-3Manual Amplifier Alignment Procedure 3-4AGC Amplifier Alignment Procedure 3-5Reverse Path Alignment 3-6Simultaneous Forward/Reverse Sweep 3-7Amplifier Plug-Ins 3-9Maintenance 3-10

Section 3 - Setup and Operation


Tools and Test Equipment

Overview Tools and test equipment required for setup are listed below

Tools andEquipment

Equivalent items may be substituted. Ensure test equipment is calibrated and ingood working order.

Manufacturer andModel Number

Description

Fluke 77 Digital voltmeter with .001 V dc resolutionWavetek Stealth orHP Calan 3010/RH Sweep system

Wavetek orCalan Field strength meter



Forward Path Alignment

Overview This procedure is the initial alignment required for forward path operation ofthe PAL Line Extender Amplifier.

Note that if the amplifier is a node extender:• the node extender is a low gain, low noise unit with 14 db gain at

750 MHz• alignment is identical to a standard amplifer except that the node extender

is operated with 8 dB of slope• the node extender requires a 9IEQ9/750 equalizer

There are two forward path setup procedures:

IF . . . THEN . . .the PAL is a manual version, Model1PAL-75-28-42-FO-RF

refer to Manual Amplifier SetupProcedure

the PAL is an AGC version, Model1PAL-75-28-42-A5-RF

refer to AGC Amplifier SetupProcedure



Manual Amplifier Alignment Procedure

Overview Use this procedure for the manual amplifier PAL, Model1PAL-75-28-42-FO-RF. Test levels for this procedure are assumed to be36/46, 50 - 750 MHz. Your system levels may vary according to design.

Procedure Follow this procedure to align the PAL.

Step Action1 Ensure 40 - 100 V ac is present at the seizure screw.2 Ensure that +24 V dc is present at the dc test point.3 Install the input pad and equalizer specified by your system design.4 Install a 9IEQ-13.5/750 equalizer in the interstage equalizer slot.

This equalizer gives 10 dB of output slope from 50 to 750 MHz.5 Ensure there is sufficient input level at the input test point for the

required output level. Use the formula: I1+Gs=O1 where:• I1 is the input level• Gs is the gain of the PAL• O1 is the output level.

6 Measure the output slope and level at 50 and 750 MHz.7 Adjust the value of the input equalizer to obtain the correct output

slope.8 Adjust the value of the input pad to obtain the correct output level

at 750 MHz.



AGC Amplifier Alignment Procedure

Overview Use this procedure for the AGC amplifier PAL, Model1PAL-75-28-42-A5-RF. Test levels for this procedure are assumed to be36/46, 50 - 750 MHz. Your system levels may vary according to design.

Procedure Follow this procedure to set up the PAL.

Step Action1 Ensure 40 - 100 V ac is present at the seizure screw.2 Ensure that +24 V dc is present at the dc test point.3 Install the input pad and equalizer specified by your system design.4 Install a 9IEQ-13.5/750 equalizer in the interstage equalizer slot.

This equalizer gives 10 dB of output slope from 50 to 750 MHz.5 Ensure there is sufficient input level at the input test point for the

required output level. Use the formula: I1+Gs=O1 where:• I1 is the input level• Gs is the gain of the PAL• O1 is the output level.

6 Set the ASG switch to the manual position.7 Measure the output level at 750 MHz.

Set the manual gain control to maximum, then reduce the gain by3.5 dB. Do not adjust the manual gain control again.

8 Measure the output slope and level at 50 and 750 MHz.9 Adjust the value of the input equalizer to obtain the correct output

slope.10 Adjust the value of the input pad to obtain the correct output level

at 750 MHz.11 Set the ASG switch to the auto position.12 Adjust the auto gain control until the levels match those in the

manual position.



Reverse Path Alignment Procedure

Overview This setup procedure applies to all PAL amplifiers that use the reverse path.Standard reverse path parameters are 21 dBmV input, 19 dB station gain and40 dBmV output. The input and output levels may vary according to yoursystem requirements.

Diagram Refer to the diagram below during the setup procedure.

E QE QE Q

PAL #1 PAL #2 PAL #3

PP

PP

PP

Procedure Follow this procedure to set up the PAL reverse path.

Step Action1 Install in PAL #3 the reverse output pad and equalizer specified in

your system design.2 Adjust the reverse input to PAL #3 to 21 dBmV flat at 5 MHz and

at the highest reverse frequency (40 MHz or 55 MHz). Measure atthe reverse input test point.

3 If necessary, install a pad at the reverse input pad slot to achievethe level specified in step 2.

4 Measure the signal level at the reverse output test point. Levelshould be approximately 40 dBmV.

5 Measure the reverse signal input level at PAL #2.6 Adjust the values of the output reverse pad and equalizer of

PAL #3 until the reverse signal level input of PAL #2 is 21 dBmVflat.

7 Install in PAL #2 the reverse output pad and equalizer specified inyour system design.

8 Repeat the above steps for PAL #2, PAL #1, etc.



Simultaneous Forward\Reverse Sweep

Overview This procedure assumes the Forward Path Alignment procedure and theReverse Path Alignment procedure have been performed.

RecommendedEquipment

The following equipment (or equivalent) is recommended for this procedure.

NOTE

Ensure all couplers, spitters, filters, terminators,connectors and cables are tested for frequencyresponse and return loss to at least 800 MHz for a750 MHz system.

Manufacturer andModel Number Description

Wavetek Stealth orHP Calan 3010 R/H

Sweep equipment with integrated reversesignal/sweep generation from the field unit

- Good quality indoor couplers, splitters, filters,terminators and test cables

Specialty Connector/Berg 33118-1

Male push-on cable connector with 35 dB returnloss at 1 GHz

Procedure Follow the forward/reverse sweep procedure below.

Step Action1 Install the sweep equipment at the headend or hub site. Be sure to

follow the manufacturer’s installation instructions.2 Do a direct or back-to-back connection with the field

receiver/transmitter and the headend transmitter/receiver to ensureproper operation with no standing waves or other response-relatedproblems (peak-to-valley or tilt) to at least 800 MHz.

3 Install a 9PEQ output equalizer in the PAL. Observe the outputfrequency response.

4 Remove the 9PEQ and install a 9IEQ output equalizer in the PAL.Observe the output frequency response.




Simultaneous Forward\Reverse Sweep, Continued


Step Action5 Determine which equalizer produces the better output response.

The 9PEQ will “bow” the response and the 9IEQ will “belly” theresponse.

6 Install a P5PK-1 50 MHz response peaker in the interstage slotnext to the interstage equalizer.

7 Adjust the peaker for the best band edge response.8 Install a P7PK-7 750 MHz response peaker in the interstage slot

next to the interstage equalizer.9 Adjust the peaker for the best band edge response.10 Recheck output levels on all ports. If necessary, compensate for the

up to 2 dB of loss of the peakers.



Amplifier Plug-Ins

Overview Forward and reverse path setups require pads and equalizers of various values.The tables below show reverse equalizer plug-in losses and cable equivalents.

Tables Refer to the tables below as necessary.

Reverse Equalizer Plug-In LossesREQ 9REQ-3X 9REQ-4X 9REQ-5X

5 MHz 30 MHz 5 MHz 40 MHz 5 MHz 55 MHz

A 1.7 0.8 2.1 0.8 2.2 0.8

B 2.6 0.8 3.4 0.8 3.6 0.8

C 3.5 0.8 4.7 0.8 5 0.8

D 4.4 0.8 6 0.8 6.4 0.8

Cable EquivalentsP/N 50 MHz 550 MHz 650 MHz 750 MHz

9PCE-1.5 0.5 1.4 1.5 1.6

9PCE-3.0 0.5 2.8 3.0 3.2

9PCE-4.5 0.5 4.1 4.5 4.9

9PCE-6.0 0.5 5.5 6.0 6.5

9PCE-7.5 0.5 6.9 7.5 8.1



Maintenance

Overview This section describes maintenance procedures for the PAL Line ExtenderAmplifier.

In this Section This maintenance section contains the following topics.

Topic See PageOpening and Closing the Housing 3-11Preventive Maintenance 3-12



Opening and Closing the Housing

Overview Installation or maintenance of the amplifier may require opening the housing.

Proper housing closure is important to maintaining the amplifier in goodworking condition. Proper closure ensures a good seal against theenvironment, protecting the internal modules.

Opening theHousing

Open the housing as follows.

Step Action1 Remove the bolts securing the lid to the housing.2 Carefully open the lid to allow access to the inside of the housing.3 Inspect gaskets on the cover flange and on the test port plugs.4 Replace any gaskets showing signs of wear (cracked, twisted,

pinched or dry) with new, lubricated gaskets.

Closing theHousing

Close the housing as follows.

Step Action1 Ensure gaskets are clean and undamaged. Replace as necessary.

Use small amount of silicon to help gasket seal.2

CAUTION

Use caution when closing housing.Improper closing may result in the nodenot being sealed from the elements.

Carefully close the lid. Be sure the alignment pins on the base lineup with the holes in the lid.

3 For strand-mounted housings, pull the lid away from the base andremove the slack from the hinge before while rotating the lid uptoward the base.

4 Ensure no cables are pinched between lid and base.5 Secure lid to base with bolts. Tighten in a crossing pattern to

5 ft/lbs (6.8 N·m).



Preventive Maintenance

Overview Preventive maintenance procedures are regularly scheduled actions that helpprevent failures and maintain the appearance of the equipment.

Schedule Perform the preventive maintenance procedures at these intervals.

Procedure Interval SeePage

Visual Inspection 4-13External Surfaces SemiannuallyConnectors SemiannuallyIndicators SemiannuallyWiring/Cable Assemblies Annually

Cleaning 4-14External Surfaces AnnuallyExternal Controls/Connectors AnnuallyInternal Connectors/Circuit Cards Annually




Preventive Maintenance, Continued

VisualInspection

Visually inspect the following items.

What to Inspect How to InspectExterior surfaces Inspect for:

• dust, dirt, lubricants or other foreign matter• worn spots or deep scratches on surfaces• corrosion• marred protective finish exposing bare metal• missing, incorrect or obliterated marking,

decals or reference designators.Connectors Inspect for:

• broken, loose, bent, corroded or missing pins• cracked insulator inserts

Indicators Inspect for• cracked or missing lenses

Wiring and cables Inspect for:• cuts, nicks, burns or abrasions• exposed bare conductors• sharp bends• pinched or damaged wires• broken or loose lacing, tie wraps or clamps





Cleaning Clean exterior surfaces of the equipment at least annually.

ConsumableMaterials

Use the materials listed below (or equivalent) when cleaning the equipment.

Item SpecificationIsopropyl alcohol TT-I-735Cheesecloth CC-C-440Spray-type contact cleaner None

Procedure Clean the equipment as described below.

Step Action1 Use a small paint brush to brush dust from connectors.2 Wipe surfaces dry with clean, dry cheesecloth.






Step Action3

WARNING

Isopropyl alcohol is flammable. Useisopropyl alcohol only in well-ventilatedareas away from energized electricalcircuits and heated objects such assoldering irons or open flames. Avoidexcessive inhalation of vapors orprolonged or repeated contact with skin.Wear industrial rubber gloves andindustrial safety goggles to avoid contactwith skin. Do not take internally. Failureto comply with this warning can causeinjury, physical disorder or death.

CAUTION

Do not use cleaning fluids containingtricholorethylene, tricholorethane,acetone or petroleum-based cleaners onequipment. Failure to comply with thiscaution could harm equipment surfaces.

Clean exterior surfaces with clean cheesecloth moistened withisopropyl alcohol or general-purpose detergent. Do not let alcoholor detergent get inside equipment or connectors.

4 Clean electrical contacts with spray-type contact cleaner.5 Clean internal connectors and circuit boards with hand-controlled,

dry-air jet. Do not use pressure exceeding 15 lbf/in2.6 Clean fans with a brush and dry-air jet.





Procedure(continued)

Step Action7 Clean interior surfaces with clean cheesecloth moistened with

isopropyl alcohol or general-purpose detergent.8 Clean internal electrical contacts with clean cheesecloth moistened

with spray-type contact cleaner.9 Dry interior with clean, dry cheesecloth.

**END OF SECTION**


Section 4Theory of Operation

Overview

Introduction This section describes the theory of operation of the PAL Line ExtenderAmplifier.


Topic See PageOverview 4-1Basic Theory 4-2Detailed Theory 4-4

Section 4 - Theory of Operation


Basic Theory

Overview This section describes basic theory of operation of the PAL Line ExtenderAmplifier.

Diagram This diagram shows how the PAL Line Extender Amplifier functions.

PAL L ineExtender Ampli f ier

Forward Path Input (RF)

Reverse Path Output (RF)

40-90 V ac Power Input

Forward Path RF Outputs(1 or 2)

Reverse Path Input (RF)




Basic Theory, Continued

How the PALWorks

The major functions of the PAL are• forward path• reverse path• power distribution

Forward Path The forward path functions as described below.

Stage Description1 Forward path RF signals are applied to port 1 of the PAL.2 The forward amplifier circuits of the PAL amplifies the RF signal,

producing either a low-gain or high-gain output.3 The PAL outputs the amplified RF signal on port 2, or ports 2

and 3.4 The forward path RF signal continues to the next network unit.

Reverse Path If used, the reverse path functions as described below.

Stage Description1 Reverse path RF signals are applied to port 2 or ports 2 and 3.2 The reverse amplifier circuits amplify the RF signal.3 The reverse RF signal is output on port 1.4 The reverse RF signal is returned through the network to the

headend.

PowerDistribution

Power distribution functions as described below.

Stage Description1 40 - 90 V ac is applied to the power supply in the PAL.2 The power supply converts the ac input to +24 V dc.3 The +24 V dc is routed to internal modules.



Detailed Theory

Overview This section describes detailed theory of operation of the PAL Line ExtenderAmplifier.

In this Section The detailed theory discussion is divided into these areas.

Topic See PageForward Path 4-6Return Path 4-7Power Distribution 4-8




Detailed Theory, Continued

Diagram Refer to the detailed theory diagram below as necessary.

LOW

HIGH

PLUG-IN SPLITTER/COUPLER ORCONTINUITYMODULE

UNITS ARE AVAILABLE IN SINGLE AND DUAL PORT HSGS.MUSTHAVE DUAL PORT HSG. FOR THESE OPTIONS

2 PORT HOUSING

OPTIONAL ASG

HY1 HY2

HY3

1 2EQ

3

ASG

TP

TPTP

TP

All Test Points -20 dB Directional Couplers

PAD EQ

LOW

HIGH

EQPAD PAD

PAD



Forward Path

Overview Forward path refers to signals sent from the headend or hub to the PAL LineExtender Amplifier. These signals are 45 750 MHz RF signals.

How theForward PathWorks

The forward path operates as described below.

Stage Description1 45-750 MHz RF signals are applied to port 1 of the PAL amplifier

from network RF cables.2 A -30 dB resistive test point allows monitoring of the input RF

signal.3 The RF signal is then applied to the high side of an input diplex

filter.4 The output of the filter is applied to a plug-in pad/equalizer

network. The values of these components may vary according tonetwork needs.

5 The output of the equalizer is applied to hybrid HY1.6 HY 1 amplifies the signal and applies it to one of two interstage

circuits.7 In the fixed output configuration, a pad and equalizer sets output

signal parameters..8 In the automatic slope compensated gain (ASG) configuration, the

ASG circuit controls signal parameters.9 In the low-gain configuration, the RF signal is applied to the output

diplex filter.10 In the high-gain configuration, the RF signal is amplified again by

hybrid HY2 before application to the output dixplex filter.11 The output of the diplex filter is available at a -30 dB resistive test

point.12 In the 2PAL configuration, the output is split for application to

output ports 2 and 3.13 In the SPAL and SSA configurations, the output is applied to port

2 only.14 The RF signal output of the PAL Line Extender Amplifier is routed

to the next network unit.



Return Path

Over view Reverse path refers to signals sent from the PAL Line Extender Amplifier tothe headend or hub. These are lower frequency signals than the forward pathsignals, and are in the range of 5 to 40 MHz.

To activate the reverse path, hybrid HY3 and associated pads and equalizermust be installed.

How theReverse PathWorks

The reverse path operates as described below.

Stage Description1 Reverse path RF signals are applied to port 2 (and optionally,

port 3).2 The RF signals are applied to the low side of the output diplex

filter.3 The output of the filter is applied to a pad. Value of the pad is

determined by network requirements.4 A -20 db test point allows monitoring the signal before application

to hybrid HY3.5 HY3 amplifies the reverse path RF signal.6 The output of HY3 is applied to an equalizer/pad network. Values

of these components are determined by network requirements.7 A -20 dB test point after the equalizer/pad network allows

monitoring the signal output signal.8 The RF signal is applied to the low side of the input diplex filter.9 The output of the filter can be monitored at a -20 dB test point.10 The reverse path RF signal is output on port 1.11 The reverse path RF is routed over the network to the headend or

hub.



Power Distribution

Overview The PAL Line Extender Amplifier requires an input power of 40 to 90 V ac.Power distribution is described below.

PowerDistribution

Power is input to the PAL Line Extender Amplifier as described below.

Stage Description1 40 to 90 V ac power is input to the PAL through at least one of the

RF ports.2 Shunts route the ac power to the power supply input bus.3 The power supply input bus routes ac power to the power supply

ac input.4 The power supply produce a +24 V dc output.5 The +24 V dc output is routed to the internal modules of the

amplifier.

**END OF SECTION**

(This Page Intentionally Left Bank)

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