pak ussr relation
TRANSCRIPT
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Effort by :Musharaf Hussain
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After the independent
Geographical Importance
Plenty of resources
Super power
USSR want to access the warm water.
The Soviet Union was keen to develop its
friendly relation with Pakistan.
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Liaquat Ali khan Era the relation
with USSR
Invitation of USSR to visit Moscow.
US invitation to visit Washington.
Reaction of Soviet government due to reject the
invitation.
Soviet government openly proclaimed that
Kashmir was an integral part of the India.
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Iskander Mirza Era the relation with
USSR
To develop the close relation with Pakistan the
USSR offered technical and economic assistance
Offered of the atomic energy for the peaceful use
Building a steel mill.
In the same year the deputy P.M came to Pakistan.
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Problem of Kashmir should be decided by the
will of the people openly declared by the
Soviet government.
But Pakistan kept showing a cold shoulder to
USSR.
SEATO join in 1954 and CENTO join in 1955
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Ayub Khan Era the relation with USSR Allowed the US to use the air base.
A air craft U-2 which took off from Peshawar in May
1960 was detected by the Soviet radar which was
shot down and pilot was arrested.
Russian P.M khrushchece threatened that Sovietgovernment take a strict action against Pakistan.
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In 1961 a ray of hope for the happier connection
between Pak-USSR.
USSR offered to explore of oil, which Pakistan
accepted.
Exchange of cultural delegation, mechanization ofagriculture, building of power project, promotion of
technology and scientific knowledge.
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Soviet Union offered a credit of $30 millions
dollars and also offered to train Pakistani
engineers.
In 1964 $19 million of credit gave it Pakistan to
buy a heavy machinery. In 1965 the President Ayub khan visited to
Moscow.
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In 1965 war The USSR offered to mediate between
India and Pakistan.
Kosygin arranged a meeting between Ayub Khan
and Lal Shastri at Tashkent.
In 1965 Ayub Khan second visit to Moscow.
During the 1965-1970 the trade increased between
Pakistan and USSR.
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Russia could not reconcile with Pakistans
friendship with China and Pakistan.
Russia want to reduce China influence in the
region.
Russia use the India as trusted friend to
reduce the China influence.
Russia want that Pakistan should join the
scheme of the Asia security which is against
the China.
Yahya Khan Era the Relation with
USSR
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Pakistan refuse that Asia security of he
scheme.
Russia and India sign the treaty which is part
of security scheme. In which Russia show that
Russia will totally support to the India if the
event of conflict occur with Pakistan.
During the war of 1971 , Russia openly sided
with India. It also warned other nation to keep
away from the war.
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In Bhutto Era the Relation with
USSR
Bhutto visited Moscow in March 1972 and tried tobreak the ice.
Bhutto visit was greatly helpful in removing the
misunderstanding and paved the way for normalrelation with USSR.
Bhutto second visit to Moscow in 1974. He was
successful in acquiring substantial assistance forthe Karachi steel mill.
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Trade was expand between Russia and
Pakistan.
Bhutto was successful to reducing the
Russian hostilities toward Pakistan.
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Zia Era the Relation with USSR
Pakistan and Russia relation once again reached the
lowest ebb with the Russia troops occupying
Afghanistan on 26 Dec 1979.
On 28 Dec 1979 the Russia ambassador in Pakistan
informed Gen Zia his country had sent a limited
military contingent to Afghanistan at her request to
assist her in dealing with foreign interference.
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Pakistan vehemently condemned Russian infiltration in
Afghanistan and called upon UN security council to
deplore the Soviet Union action.
Pakistan demand the withdrawal of the foreign troops
from Afghanistan.
The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. On Pakistan
geopolitical situation Pakistan became a frontline state in
the cold war.
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Pakistan became a base for mujahedeen fighting
against the Soviet union.
In 1989 the Soviet Union completed the withdrawal
of the troops from Afghanistan.
The Soviet Union disintegrated into six new state.(Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan)
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1990-1999
1990s saw the Benazir Bhutto come to power in a
popular election. She tried to dispel the misgivings
with the Russian (the successor to USSR) government
but this dtente remained lukewarm due to new
fears of rise of fundamentalist Islam in Central Asia
and Muslim minorities within Russia.
There is no improvement in the relation with USSR in
this era.
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Pervez Musharaf Era the relation
with Russia
Before the 9/11 Pakistan is one of the three
countries, Saudi Arabia, UAE which had
recognize the Taliban government.
After the 9/11 the situation was totally change.
Pakistan emerged as a crucial member of
international coalition formed by the US against
terrorism.
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Pakistan antiterrorism role was fully acknowledged
by the international community that made a
common ground for engagement.
Evolving Indo-US strategic partnership was alsoinfluenced of normal relation between Pakistan
and Russia.
India interested to buy the US arms that will
reduce India market share for Russia.
Russia seeks new markets for its arms export. That
create interest between Russia and Pakistan
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The gap between Pakistan and Russia still exist on
the issue of the terrorism and nuclear
proliferation.
Russia considering that terrorist network exist inPakistan that involved in destabilizing the Russia
directly or indirectly.
Russian leadership remain apprehensive that
nuclear material could not fall into the hand of
the terrorists.
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An important event in the context of the Pak-
Russia relation was that President Musharaf visit
to Moscow at the invitation of President Putin in
2003. It was the initiate of high level of dialogue.
Russian foreign minister Igor Ivanovo's visit to
Pakistan in 2003.
Pakistan foreign minister Khursheed Mahmood
Kasuri visited Moscow in 2004 and P.M Shaukat
Aziz visited in 2005 to attend the meeting of SCO.
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Russia became the observer of the OIC and
Pakistan became the observer of the SCO in 2006.
According to President Musharaf it is in both
Pakistan and Russia interest to broaden their ties,but this needs to be done bilaterally and not with
an Endocentric approach.
Pakistan has extended complete support to Russia
to be part of WTO in condition the Moscow sign
an FTA with Islamabad.
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Russia also return $108 million to Pakistani exporter
who had exported articles to the USSR before its
disintegration.
2002 $ 100 million trade.
2003-2004 $134.24 million trade
2004-2005 $320 million trade
90% of the trade were textile items.
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In 2005 the Gazprom chairman, Aleksei miller held
the separate meeting with President Musharaf, and
P.M Shuakat Aziz.
The government of Pakistan sign a MaU with theGazprom for cooperation in the oil and gas sector.
Gazprom provide training facilities to Pakistan oil and
gas sector.
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Russian consortium of oil and gas companies five-
member delegation, headed by Aleksandra Bornov
visited Pakistan in 2006.
Aleksandra Bornov take keen interest in the cross-border pipeline, LNG, oil, and gas exploration.
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Asif Zardari Era relation with USSR
Russia want to get more involved in regional affairs
because of the US influence.
It also know that Pakistan can play a key role in the
Afghan endgame. Russia has offered Pakistan a wide range of
counter-terrorism equipment. Include 10 MI-17
helicopters.
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In 2009 Pak chief of army staff Gen Pervez AshfaqKayani visited Moscow.
In 2011 both countries initiated the discussion on
the shape of trade agreement and currency swapagreement was sign.
In 2011Russias P.M Putin publically support
Pakistans desire of joining of SCO as a full member.
President Asif Zardari visit Russia in 2011 which
created a Goodwill.
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Russian military chief Col-General Alexander
Postnikov visited Pakistan in 2011. He discussed
with army chief General Ashfaq Kayani of joint the
military exercise. Russia had agree to invest $500 million on CASA-
1000 electricity transmission project.
Gen. Ashfaq Kayani visited in 2012 and held the
meeting with top brass and ruling politicians.
In 2012 Russian foreign minister Sergey Viktorvish
Lavrov visited to Pakistan.
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Supporting the Pakistans stance on
drone attacks Sergey Viktorvish Lavrov
declared that they violate the
sovereignty and territorial integrity ofany state are unacceptable.
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Recommendations
There is enormous potential of cooperation in
energy sector, steel production,
telecommunication, space technology, oil and gas
etc. A coherent strategy should be adapted for
enhancing people-to-people contacts in the field
of education, science, trade, culture, tourism and
sports etc.
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There is a need to enhance defense cooperation
between Moscow and Islamabad to diversify
Pakistans critical dependencies.
Strategize a coordinated Pak-Russia policy onAfghanistan for achieving lasting peace and
stability in the region
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