page 1smart grid research consortium – october 20-21, 2011 distribution automation technical...
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Page 1 Smart Grid Research Consortium – October 20-21, 2011
Distribution AutomationTechnical Background & Current Trends
Dan MurraySiemens Energy, Inc.
Smart Grid ConferenceRosen Shingle Creek Resort, Orlando, Florida
October 20-21 2011
Page 2 Smart Grid Research Consortium – October 20-21, 2011
Topics
Overview of several Distribution Automation Applications
Technical Considerations when implementing DA Applications Architectures Sensors Communications / Cyber security Control Technologies
Other Considerations when implementing DA Applications Current System Configuration (that is to say, your starting point) Policies and Standards Human Resources / Skill Sets ROI / Budget
DA Implementation Strategies
Page 3 Smart Grid Research Consortium – October 20-21, 2011Source: [1] Leveraging AMI and BPL Technologies at CenterPoint: Energy to Build the Intelligent Grid of the Future – Don Cortez
Distribution Automation TrendsExample: CenterPoint Smart Grid Strategy
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Select DA Applications
Fault Detection Isolation and Service Restoration (FLIR or FLISR) reduces the impact of outages.
Volt/VAR Control provides greater network efficiency through improved monitoring and regulation of power on distribution lines.
Conservation Voltage Reduction (CVR) reduces load during peak periods.
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Fault Location Isolation and Service Restoration (FLIR or FLISR)General Description
Fault Location, Isolation, and Service Restoration Detects occurrence of a fault on a distribution feeder. Determines the location of the fault between 2 switches or reclosers. Isolates the faulted section between nearest switch and/or recloser. Restores service to “healthy” portions of the feeder while maintaining
safe loading limits on the second source.
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Fault Detection Isolation and Service Restoration (FLISR)Typical Operation Today without FLISR
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Fault Detection Isolation and Service Restoration (FLISR)Improved Performance using FLISR
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Fault Detection Isolation and Service Restoration (FLISR)Benefits
Source: [2] “Equipment for Feeder Automation - Recent Trends in Feeder Automation Seminar”IEEE PES Miami Chapter Miami, Florida June 2, 2005, John McDonald, KEMA, Inc.
Revenue per Distribution Mile
IOU $62,665
Muni $86,302
Coop $10,565
Source: 2006 RUS/EIA data
Page 9 Smart Grid Research Consortium – October 20-21, 2011
Volt/VAR ControlGeneral Description
Volt/VAR Control provides greater network efficiency through improved monitoring and regulation of power on distribution lines. Regulation performed through coordinated use of cap banks and
voltage regulators. If DMS is used, then On Line Power Flow (OLPF) may help
determine what control actions to take.
Page 10 Smart Grid Research Consortium – October 20-21, 2011
Conservation Voltage ReductionGeneral Description
Conservation Voltage Reduction Flattens the voltage profile across the feeder. Allows monitoring of lowest voltage point to ensure it is above
minimum acceptable voltage level. Determines the necessary control actions to accomplish CVR.
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System ArchitectureNIST Smart Grid Conceptual Model – Detailed View
Source: [3] Interoperability and Cyber Security Plan, NRECA CRN Smart Grid Regional Demonstration, Grant DE-OE-0000222
Page 12 Smart Grid Research Consortium – October 20-21, 2011
Centralized vs. Decentralized refers to where the switching logic resides.
Centralized at Centralized Decentralized Control Center at the Substation Peer-to-peer
Centralized vs. Decentralized ArchitectureOverview
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Centralized vs. Decentralized Architecture Comparison
Consideration Centralized Decentralized
Cost DMS: Higher starting cost Lower starting cost
Complexity Greater time to implement Less time to implement
Skills DMS requires more
advanced skills for implementation
Most substation engineering skills portable to DA applications
Suggested Use
Good starting position with existing SCADA
Many feeders to be automated
Many DA functions to be implemented
Often used is SCADA can not be upgraded
Suitable for limited deployment (based on cost) or when “patching” system
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Fault Detection Isolation and Service Restoration (FLISR)Components when using Peer-to-Peer Logic Approach
Decentralized Feeder Automation
Municipals and Cooperatives Standardize on products Available skills and expertise Cost-Driven Small Annual Budgets (Short Cycle)
Better Performance Standardization Simplicity Lower Cost Short Cycle business
Concept
Switches IED Family
+ +
Software
+
Wireless
+
Substation HMI (Option)
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Fault Detection Isolation and Service Restoration (FLISR)System Integration when using Peer-to-Peer Logic
1. Automated Primary Switches/Reclosers2. Smart Controller3. High Speed Communication4. Communication Protocol (DNP / IEC 61850)5. Software Configuration Tools6. Smart Fault Detection Capability 7. Smart Switching Logic
Page 16 Smart Grid Research Consortium – October 20-21, 2011
Fault Location Isolation and Service Restoration (FLIR or FLISR)Benefits from Peer-to-Peer Approach
Problem: Keeping the lights on! Reduce outage size and duration. Locate faults faster with less driving time. Reduce crew size to isolate and restore. Reduce windshield time, particularly with
long distribution lines.
Compelling Solution: Allows utilities to “do more with less” Fast transfer scheme for critical load (e.g., hospital or industrial acct.) Perform isolation and restoration faster than standard recloser and
sectionalizer technology, and sometimes at a lower CAPEX cost. Increase billing revenue through fewer and smaller outages. Improve customer service – Resolve outages before customer calls. Provide the ability to service a larger territory with fewer linemen. Make use of adaptive settings for storm conditions to reduce SCADA
operator work load.
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Fault Detection Isolation and Service Restoration (FLISR)Peer-to-Peer Example: A&N Electric Coop
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Communication ProtocolsComparison
Protocol Pro Con
DNP 3.0DNP over TCP/IP
90% utilities using it Relatively easy to use Training classes available
No object model No peer-to-peer Limited security
IEC 61850
More utilities using it Contains object model Native peer-to-peer Future enhancements to
the standard to support DG and comm to SCADA
More complex than DNP Interoperability issues
remain but improving Engineering tools are
average but improving
Page 19 Smart Grid Research Consortium – October 20-21, 2011Source: [4] “Smart GridNet” Architecture for Utilities. Alcatel-Lucent Strategic White Paper.
Telecommunication OptionsCommercial Carriers
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Telecommunication OptionsDirection of Wireless Technologies
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Communication Technology DeploymentComparison
Deployment Utilities owns network Carrier owns network
Control Full control over life cycle Full bandwidth following
storm event
Little to no control
Cost
Higher CAPEX cost Radio: One-time expense
of $1,000+ per node
Generally lower CAPEX cost
On-going maintenance cost
Complexity Radio: sight survey Requires expertise
Outsource expertise
Security Usually the most secure Requires expertise
Can be reasonably secured
Outsource expertise
Page 22 Smart Grid Research Consortium – October 20-21, 2011
Project Management
Engineering
Production
System Test
Support
DA Implementation Strategies
Requirements planning Evaluating your system starting
position Cost / Benefits Analysis Perform pilots and limited deployment Implementation resources available
NRECA website (architecture framework and cyber security)
NIST
Page 23 Smart Grid Research Consortium – October 20-21, 2011
Questions?
Dan MurrayMarketing ManagerMobile: (408) [email protected]
Thank you!
Page 24 Smart Grid Research Consortium – October 20-21, 2011
References
[1] Leveraging AMI and BPL Technologies at CenterPoint: Energy to Build the Intelligent Grid of the Future – Don Cortez
[2] “Equipment for Feeder Automation - Recent Trends in Feeder Automation Seminar” IEEE PES Miami Chapter Miami, Florida June 2, 2005, John McDonald, KEMA, Inc.http://www.ece.fiu.edu/docs/Seminar/John%20MacDonald/Equipment%20for%20Feeder%20Automation.pdf
[3] Interoperability and Cyber Security Plan, NRECA CRN Smart Grid Regional Demonstration, Grant DE-OE-0000222http://www.nreca.coop/press/NewsReleases/Documents/InteroperabilityCyberSecurityPlan.pdf
[4] “’Smart GridNet’ Architecture for Utilities,” Strategic White Paper, Alcatel-Lucent, 2007.