page 160. daily question at which type of plate boundary would you find mafic igneous rocks?...
TRANSCRIPT
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Page 160
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Daily QuestionDaily Question
At which type of plate boundary would you find mafic igneous rocks? Explain
Would the rocks be basalt, gabbro, or could both rock types occur? Explain
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Plate Tectonics and Igneous RocksPlate Tectonics and Igneous Rocks
Fig. 6.6
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Ophiolite ComplexOphiolite Complex
Oceanic CrustMarine Sediment
Pillow BasaltsSheeted Dikes
Gabbro
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Pillow Basalts in the OceanPillow Basalts in the Ocean
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Pillow Basalts on the ContinentsPillow Basalts on the Continents
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Sheeted DikesSheeted Dikes
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GabbroGabbro
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Plate Tectonics and Igneous RocksPlate Tectonics and Igneous Rocks
Fig. 6.6
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Cinder ConesCinder Cones Built from ejected lava
fragments Have steep slopes
(controlled by angle of repose – the steepest angle at which material remains stable)
Small – 300 m (1000 ft) high, 2 km in diameter
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Composite Cones - Stratovolcano
Composite Cones - Stratovolcano Most encircle the pacific
ocean (ring of fire) as part of magmatic arcs
Large – ~1 km high, 5 - 25 km wide
Symmetrical structure Composed of alternating
lava flows and pyroclastic deposits
Product of high viscosity magma
Have violent eruptions
Mount Rainer
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Plate Tectonics and Igneous RocksPlate Tectonics and Igneous Rocks
Fig. 6.6
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Hot SpotsHot Spots
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Produced by rising plume of mantle material (mantle plume)
They are stationary – plates move over the hotspots
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Basalts produced by hot spots are chemically different from basalts produced at MOR
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Hot Spot Example – Island ChainsHot Spot Example – Island Chains
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Island Chain FormationIsland Chain Formation
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Hot Spot Under HawaiiHot Spot Under Hawaii
Notice linear layout of islands
Could determine plate movement rate for data
Island continually being formed
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Shield VolcanoesShield Volcanoes
Broad, slightly domed strucutre Large structure 9 km (~6 miles) high & 50 km
(~30 miles) wide Produced by fluid (low viscosity) lava Example: Mauna Loa, Kilauea, other island
chains
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Shield VolcanoesShield Volcanoes
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Volcano Size ComparisonVolcano Size Comparison
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Hot Spot Example – ContinentalHot Spot Example – Continental
Yellowstone
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Continental Hot Spot MechanicsContinental Hot Spot Mechanics
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Volcanism and Continental Hot SpotsVolcanism and Continental Hot Spots