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Civil Air Patrol - Arizona WingCivil Air Patrol - Arizona Wing

Aerospace Education Program for Senior Members (AEPSM)

Sky Harbor Composite Squadron 301 AEO, 1LT Tom Lodge Revised June, 2002

Chapters 10 - 17

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Part 3 The Aerospace CommunityPart 3 The Aerospace Community

Chap. 10- The Airport

Chap. 11- Air Carriers

Chap. 12- General Aviation

Chap. 13- Business & Commercial Aviation

Chap. 14- Military Aircraft

Chap. 15- Helicopters, STOL, VTOL, UAVs

Chap. 16- Aerospace Organizations

Chap. 17- Aerospace Careers & Training

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10 The Airport10 The Airport

Runway

• Most important part of an airport.

• Can be made of grass, gravel, concrete, or asphalt.

• Identified by number corresponding to compass direction

• 90 degrees “09”, opposite end 270 degrees “27”

• White lights at edges and sometimes in middle at night, during day are dashed white line down middle

• End of runway are red lights

Control Tower

• Primary function to control runway

• Controls movement of aircraft on ground

• Most airports are uncontrolled (no control tower)

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11 Air Carriers11 Air Carriers

Major Air Carriers

• Regularly scheduled service (commercial airlines, cargo carriers, regional air carriers - All regulated by FAA

Modern Airliners

• Boeing 707-1st commercial jet used in US. Flew 1958, built until 1979

• Douglas DC-8-Entered service 1 yr after 707, ended 1972• DC-9-Twin jet short/medium range competitor to 737. MD-80/MD-90 are new

versions.

• Boeing 727-Most successful tri-jet

• 737-Twin engine, short/medium haul, most successful jetliner• Boeing 747-Largest commercial jet produced, 1st wide-body, Series 400-

heaviest commercial aircraft 892K lbs (Antonov An-225-1,322K lbs)

• Douglas DC-10-2nd jumbo jet-3 engines, MD-11 next generation version

• Lockheed L-1011-1st commercial aircraft since Electra.

• Airbus A-300-1st commercial aircraft by Airbus

• 767-1980’s technology small wide-body

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11 Air Carriers11 Air CarriersMajor Airliners Continued

• 757-Designed with 767, standard body, same fuselage diameter as 707, 727, 737, intended to replace 727 however created its own market.

• A320 - Airbus entry into narrowbody market

• MD-11 - 1990’s version of DC-10

• 777-1990’s technology twin-engine long range

• A330/A340-1990’s technology medium/long range

• A380-New double deck 600 passenger long range - service 2006

• Boeing Sonic Cruiser - Near supersonic long range medium sized (767) twin engine transport. Probable service 2008

Air Cargo Carriers

• Only carry cargo, no passengers

• Boeing 747F, DC-10, MD-11, A300, 757, 727, DC-8

Regional Aircraft

• Metro III, Beech 99, ATR 72, Dash 8- all turboprops

• Regional Jets

• Bombardier CRJ, Embraer 145, Dornier 328,

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12 General Aviation12 General Aviation

General Aviation - All civil aviation other than flying by scheduled air carriers and government agencies

Instructional Aviation

• Aircraft specifically use to teach someone to fly. C-152, Piper Tomahawk, Beech Skipper

Personal Aviation

• Use of aircraft other than business or commercial use, 24% all hours flown.

• Beech - Sundowner, Sierra, Bonanza

• Cessna - largest builder of GA 179,500 - 172 Skyhawk, 182 Skylane, 185 Skywagon, 210 Centurion

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12 General Aviation12 General Aviation

• Mooney - Mooney 201

• Piper - Malibu, Cherokee, Cruiser, Arrow, Super Cub, Archer

Sport Aviation

• Home builts, ballooning, soaring, antique aviation, racing, aerobatics, ultralight

• First unrefueled nonstop flight around the world - December 14-23, 1986, Dick Rutan & Jeana Yeager

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13 Business & Commercial Aviation13 Business & Commercial Aviation

Business Aviation - Major areas of concern in aviation today: 1) Fuel efficiency; 2) Noise; 3) Cost effectiveness

Executive Aircraft

Multi-engine piston Turboprops Turbofans

Business Aircraft

Transportation (air taxis, charter), agricultural , aerial Advertising, aerial Photography, fire fighting, fish & wildlife, patrol, industrial uses

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14 Military Aircraft14 Military Aircraft

Bombers - Reach enemy’s homeland and destroy ability to wage war• Boeing B-52, B-1, Northrop Grumman B-2 Stealth Bomber

Fighters - Destroys other aircraft, small ground targets

• Boeing F-15, F/A-18, Northrop Grumman F-14, Lockheed Martin A-10, F-22, F-35 (JSF), F-16, F-117

Combat Aircraft

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14 Military Aircraft14 Military Aircraft

Reconnaissance & Observation - Watch an enemy to keep track of what they are doing

• Lockheed U-2, SR-71, Boeing E-3A AWACS, E-4B, E-8 J-STARS, Lockheed P-3C, S-3A, Northrop Grumman E-2C

Transports & Tankers - Unarmed to support combat aircraft & military assets

• Lockheed C-5, C-141, C130, Boeing C-17, KC-135, KC-10, VC-25

Noncombat Aircraft

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14 Military Aircraft14 Military Aircraft

US Air Force

• Raytheon T-6 Texan II, Cessna T-37 Tweet, Northrop T-38 Talon, Raytheon T-1 Jayhawk

US Navy

• Raytheon T-34C Mentor, Boeing T-45 Goshawk, Raytheon T-44 Pegasus

Training Aircraft

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15 Helicopters, STOLs, VTOLs, UAVs15 Helicopters, STOLs, VTOLs, UAVs

Attack

• Bell AH-1 Cobra (Army & Marines), Boeing AH-64 Apache (Army)

Heavy-Lift

• Boeing CH-47 (Army), CH-46 (Navy, Marines), Sikorsky CH-53 (USAF, Navy, Marines), Bell/Boeing V-22 Osprey (Hybrid), Sikorsky H-3 - 1st nonstop flight across Atlantic Ocean 1967

Utility

• Bell UH-1 Huey, Sikorsky UH-60 Blackhawk (Army, Navy, AF)

Civilian

• Bell 206 Jetranger, Bell 222, MD 500, Sikorksky S-76

Foreign

• Aerospatiale Puma, Dauphin, Agusta 109, MBB 105

Helicopters - In use since end of WWII, very resourceful with limitations: high maintenance costs, vibrations, high noise levels. Turbine engines, composite materials advanced helicopter development

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15 Helicopters, STOLs, VTOLs, UAVs15 Helicopters, STOLs, VTOLs, UAVs

Short-takeoff-and-landing (STOL) - Defined as ability of an aircraft to clear a 50-foot obstacle within 1500 feet after takeoff and to stop within 1500 feet after passing over a 50-foot obstacle when landing.

Vertical-takeoff-and-landing (VTOL) - Significant design differences to achieve VTOL from STOL. V-22 Osprey is propeller VTOL. AV-8B Harrier only VTOL aircraft put to common use in multiple countries. F-35 JSF Marines VTOL version to replace Harrier.

Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs) - Pilotless aircraft used for reconnaissance, electronic warfare, or combat operations. Used during WWII, widely used in Vietnam. Computer technology has renewed significant interest today.

RQ-1A Predator RQ-5A Hunter RQ-4A Global Hawk

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16 Aerospace Organizations16 Aerospace OrganizationsFederal Aviation Administration

• Air traffic regulation began with Air Commerce act of 1926. Bureau of Air Commerce formed within Dept. of Commerce

• Civil Aeronautics Act 1938 - Regulation placed under Civil Aeronautics Authority (established safety & economic policies), Administrator of Aviation (execute safety policies), and Air Safety Board (investigated accidents).

• Federal Aviation Act 1958 - FAA formed

• Air Traffic Control• Airway Facilities• Flight Standards• Research & Development• Aeronautical Center

National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB)

• 5 member board appointed by President

• Responsible for determining cause of any transportation accident.

National Aeronautics & Space Administration

• Earth Science, Aero-Space Technology, Space Science, Human Exploration & Development of Space

International Civil Aviation Organization (IACO)

• 1947 - International organization dedicated to standardization of aviation functions.

Civil Reserve Air fleet (CRAF)

• Commercial airliners which have been designated by DoD for use in time of emergency.

Civil Air Patrol

• Emergency Services, Aerospace Education, Cadet Programs

Aircraft Owners & Pilots Association (AOPA)

• Supports the views and rights of aircraft owners and pilots.

Experimental Aircraft Association (EAA)

• Formed to help builders safely construct and fly homebuilt aircraft.

Industry Organizations

• Aerospace Industries Association (AIA)

• General Aviation Manufacturers Association (GAMA)

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17 Aerospace Careers & Training17 Aerospace Careers & TrainingAptitudes and Aerospace Careers

• Special talents and natural abilities which a person possesses are called aptitudes.

• Mechanical, verbal, scientific, manipulative, numerical, administrative, social, artistic.

Academic Institutions

• Junior or community colleges - Associate degree

• Technical/Vocational School - technical education courses

• Four year college/University - BA, BS, MS, Phd

• Air Force Schools

• Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps. (ROTC)-Bachelors

• Air Force Academy-Bachelors, Masters

• Must be 17• US Citizen• Good moral character, physical condition, scholastic record• Unmarried and no dependent children• Demonstrated potential for leadership, desire to become a cadet

• Community College of the Air Force - Associate Degrees