packaging of spices and spice products report

8/3/2019 Packaging of Spices and Spice Products Report

1/14

YGKJGBONB DE [YOK@[ GNH [YOK@ YVDHPKX[

Onhouohpgc Yvda`kx

[pfloxx`h xd

ONHOGN ON[XOXPX@ DE YGKJGBONB

ONX@N[OU@ XVGONONB YVDBVGL ON YGKJGBONB

[pfloxx`h fy1

J. Jvo{mng

-Vdcc Nd1 90/

ONHOGN ON[XOXPX@ DE YGKJGBONB

M_H@VGFGH


2/14

6

XGFC@ DE KDNX@NX[

[c.nd Ygvxokpcgv{ Yb nd.

7 Onxvdhpkxodn 6

6 Yvdhpkx yvdeoc`................... 6

; [ydocgb` egkxdv................... ;

8 Ygkjgbonb V`wpov`l`nx{................... 0

0 Edvl{ de [ok`{ 0

5 Ygkjgbonb Lgx`vogc{ $ [y{x`l{ edv [ok`{. 5

2 Ygkjgbonb de [ok` Doc gnh Dc`dv`{on{. 78

= Kdnkcp{odn........ 78

YGKJGBONB DE [YOK@[


3/14

;

Onxvdhpkxodn

{ok`{ kdn{xoxpx` gn oldvxgnx bvdp de gbvokpcxpvgc kdlldhoxo`{# rmokm gv` kdn{oh`v`h

onho{`n{gfc` edv kpcongvy pvd{`{ gnh edv ecgudpvonb eddh. [dl` de xm` {ok`{ gnh

{ok`vdhpkx{ gv` gc{d p{`h edv l`hokongc# `vepl`vy gnh kd{l`xok pvd{`{.Fvgnh`h

Kdn{pl`v Ygkj{ de Bvdpnh [ok`{Onhog o{ jndrn g{ xm` Mdl` de [ok`{ gnh vdhpk`{ g cgvb`

ugvo`xy gnh wpgnxoxy de {ok`{.Gfdpx {o}xy,xmv`` ugvo`xo`{ de {ok`{ gv` bvdrn on xm` kdpnxvy#

rmokm onkcph`{ Y``v -Jonb de[ok`{/# Kgvhgldl -Wp``n de [ok`{/# Kmocco`{# bonb`v# xpvl`vok#

kdvognh`v# kplon gnh lgnydxm`v{.

G{ ld{x {ok`{ bvdr pnh`v {`koeok kcolgxok kdnhoxodn{# gnnpgc vdhpkxodn c`u`c gnh Onhog{{mgv`

de {ok`{ on xm` rdvch lgvj`x mg{ ugvo`h kdn{oh`vgfcy on xm` v`k`nx y`gv{.Gcxmdpbm Onhog `}dvx{

{ok`{ xd 7;9 kdpnxvo`{ on xm` rdvch# de xm` xdxgc {ok`{ vdhpk`h on xm`kdpnxvy# -roxm xm`

`}k`xodn de ``v/ dncy g {lgcc wpgnxoxy de gfdpx 5,2% o{ `}dvx`h. Xm`v`{x o{ kdn{pl`h on

xm` Onhogn lgvj`x# g{ xm`v` o{ gn oll`n{` hdl`{xok h`lgnh. G {x`ghyonkv`g{` o{ df{`vu`h on

xm` `}dvx de ugcp` ghh`h {ok`{. Xm`v` o{ gc{d g bddh {kd` xd onkv`g{``}dvx `gvnonb{ evdl

{ok` doc{ gnh dc`dv`{on{ g{ xm` bcdfgc onhp{xvy o{ onkv`g{onbcy c`gnonbxdrgvh{ ngxpvgc ecgudpv{.

Yvdhpkx Yvdeoc`

[ok`{ gv` gvdlgxok {pf{xgnk`{ de u`b`xgfc` dvobon gnh gv` h`vou`h evdl ugvodp{ gvx{ decgnx{

coj` c`gu`{# fgvj# evpox# ecdr`v fph{# {x`l{# vddx{# {``h{ `xk. [ok`{ gv` p{`h g{kdnhol`nx{ gnh

{`g{dnonb{ gnh edvl gn `{{`nxogc gvx de eddh v`gvgxodn{ g{ xm`y ghhecgudpv# xg{x` gnhkdcdpv.

[ok`{ mgu` bddh gnxo,d}ohgnx gnh v`{`vugxou` vd`vxo`{ g{r`cc g{ bddh gnxo,lokvdfogc gnh

gnxofodxok vd`vxo`{ gnh xm`v`edv`# gv` gc{d p{`h edvl`hokongc pvd{`{.

[docgb` Egkxdv{

On dvh`v xd {`c`kx g {poxgfc` gkjgbonb lgx`vogc$xy` de gkjgb` edv {ok`{# ox o{ `{{`nxogc xd

jndrxm` egkxdv{ rmokm gee`kx xm` wpgcoxy de {ok`{.


4/14

8

Ldo{xpv` Kdnx`nx

[ok`{# {`koeokgccy {ok`{ on drh`v edvl# gv` mybvd{kdok on ngxpv` gnh okj,p ldo{xpv` evdl

xm` gxld{m`v` v`{pcxonb on {dbbon`{{ gnh kgjonb$cplonb de xm` drh`v. Yokj,p de ldo{xpv`

gc{d v`{pcx{ on cd{{ de ev``,ecdronb ngxpv` de xm` {ok` drh`v.

Cd{{ de Gvdlg $ Ecgudpv

[ok`{ kdnxgon udcgxoc` doc{# rmokm olgvx xm` kmgvgkx`vo{xok gvdlg$ecgudpv xd xm` vdhpkx. Cd{{

on xm` udcgxoc` doc kdnx`nx dv d}ohgxodn de {dl` gvdlgxok kdldpnh{ v`{pcx on gvdlg gnh ecgudpv

cd{{.

Ho{kdcdpvgxodn

[dl` de xm` {ok`{ coj` bv``n kgvhgldl# v`h kmocco`{# xpvl`vok# {geevdn kdnxgon ngxpvgc

obl`nx{. Cobmx kgn gee`kx xm` obl`nx{ v`{pcxonb on cd{{ dv eghonb de kdcdpv gnh h`x`vodvgxodn.

On{`kx One`{xgxodn

[ok`{ gv` vdn` xd {docgb` hp` xd on{`kx one`{xgxodn# rmokm kgn f` epvxm`v gkk`c`vgx`h hp` xd

mobm mplohoxy# m`gx gnh d}yb`n.

Lokvdfogc Kdnxglongxodn

On mobm mplohoxy kdnhoxodn de 50% gnh gfdu`# ldo{xpv` gf{dvxodn dkkpv{. F`ydnh g k`vxgon

c`u`c de ldo{xpv` kdnx`nx# {docgb` hp` xd lokvdfogc bvdrxm {`x{ on.

Ygkjgbonb V`wpov`l`nx{

On dvh`v xd lgonxgon xm` wpgcoxy de xm` {ok`{ hpvonb mgnhconb# xvgn{dvxgxodn# {xdvgb` gnh

ho{xvofpxodn# xm` gkjgbonb lgx`vogc xd f` p{`h o{ xd f` {`c`kx`h roxm kgv`# j``onb on lonh xm`


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epnkxodngc g{ r`cc g{ xm` lgvj`xonb v`wpov`l`nx{. Xm` gkjgbonb v`wpov`l`nx{ edv {ok`{# on

b`n`vgc# gv` co{x`h f`cdr1

Xd vdx`kx xm` vdhpkx evdl {occgb` gnh {docgb`.

Xd vduoh` vdx`kxodn gbgon{x gxld{m`vok egkxdv{ {pkm g{ cobmx# m`gx# mplohoxy gnh d}yb`n.

Xm` {`c`kx`h gkjgbonb lgx`vogc{ {mdpch mgu` mobm rgx`v ugdpv gnh d}yb`n fgvvo`v{.

Xm` gkjgbonb lgx`vogc {mdpch mgu` g mobm fgvvo`v vd`vxy xd v`u`nx gvdlg$ecgudpv cd{{`{

gnh onbv`{{ de `}x`vngc dhdpv.

Xm` udcgxoc` doc v`{`nx on xm` {ok` vdhpkx mg{ g x`nh`nky xd v`gkx roxm xm` onn`v$ kdnxgkx

cgy`v de xm` gkjgbonb lgx`vogc# gx xol`{ c`ghonb xd g bv`g{y gnh l`{{y gkjgb` roxm {lphbonb

de xm` vonx`h lgxx`v. Xm` gkjgbonb lgx`vogc {mdpch xm`v`edv` f` bv`g{` gnh doc v`{o{xgnx gnh

kdlgxofc` roxm xm` vdhpkx.

F`{oh`{ xm` gfdu` epnkxodngc v`wpov`l`nx{# xm` gkjgbonb lgx`vogc {mdpch 7?5 mgu` bddh

lgkmongfocoxy# vonxgfocoxy gnh ox {mdpch f` `g{ocy gugocgfc` gnh ho{d{gfc`.

Edvl{ de [ok`{

On Onhog {ok`{ gv` ho{xvofpx`h gnh xvgh`h on g nplf`v de edvl{ {pkm g{1 Rmdc` {ok`{ -kgvhgldl# fcgkj ``v# kcdu`# xpvl`vok# bonb`v# konngldn# kg{{og/

[``h {ok`{ -k`c`vy# e`nn`c# kplon# e`npbv``j/

Ydrh`v`h dv bvdpnh {ok`{ -xpvl`vok# kmocco`{# bonb`v/

[ok` lo}`{ -kpvvy drh`v{ gnh lg{gcg{/

Yg{x` -kpvvy g{x`# uonhgcdd g{x`# bonb`v,bgvcok g{x`/

Kdnk`nxvgx`{ -xglgvonh kdnk`nxvgx`/

Doc{ gnh dc`dv`{on{

Rmdc` {ok`{ gv` b`n`vgccy xvgh`h on fpcj wpgnxoxo`{ gnh xm` vdk`{{dv bvonh{ xm`l gnh fc`nh{

xm`l edv xm` eono{m`h {ok` vdhpkx. [dl` wpgnxoxy de xm` bvdpnh gnh fc`nh`h {ok`{ gv`

gkj`h on kdn{pl`v gkj{ de kggkoxo`{ vgnbonb evdl 799 bvgl{ xd 7jocdbvgl. Xm` vdx`kxodn

v`wpov`h fy rmdc` {ok`{ o{ evdl ldo{xpv` onbv`{{ $ okj,p gnh on{`kx one`{xgxodn. Xm` cd{{ on

ecgudpv hpvonb {xdvgb` on rmdc` {ok`{ o{ n`bcobofc` g{ xm` udcgxoc` doc{ gv` r`cc vdx`kx`h roxmon

xm` k`cc{ de xm` cgnx lgx`vogc. Ydrh`v`h {ok`{ gv` gc{d xvgh`h on fpcj wpgnxoxo`{ gnh dncy g


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{lgcc dvxodn o{ gkj`h on ugcp` ghh`h kdn{pl`v gkj{. On drh`v`h {ok`{# xm` h`x`vodvgxodn o{

u`vy vgoh gnh lpkm ldv` kgv` o{ v`wpov`h on {`c`kxonb g {poxgfc` gkjgb`. Kdnu`nxodngccy

{ok`{ r`v` `}dvx`h on fpcj gkjgb`{# mdrù`v roxm èedvx{ de [ok`{ Fdgvh gnh xm`

Bdu`vnl`nx de Onhog# `}dvx{ on fvgnh`h gnh ugcp` ghh`h kdn{pl`v gkjgb`{ o{ bvghpgccy dn

xm` onkv`g{`.

Ygkjgbonb Lgx`vogc{ $ [y{x`l{ edv [ok`{

Fpcj Ygkjgbonb

Xm` xvghoxodngc l`xmdh o{ xd p{` bpnny$apx` fgb{ edv gkjgbonb de rmdc` {ok`{# roxm kggkoxo`{

vgnbonb evdl 79jb xd 29jb. Xm` apx` fgb{ lgy f` vduoh`h roxm g cdd{` con`v fgb de

dcy`xmyc`n` dv lgy f` roxmdpx g con`v. Gx xol`{ hdpfc` bpnny fgb{ gv` gc{d p{`h# `{`kogccy edv

rmdc` fcgkj ``v. Xm` hdpfc` bpnny fgb o{ vduoh`h roxm gn onn`v dcy`xmyc`n` con`v. Xm`

wpgcoxy de xm` apx` egfvok p{`h roxm v`{`kx xd xm` bvgllgb` gnh xm` r`gu` -`nh{$okj{/ ugvo`{

evdl dn` xvgh`v xd xm` dxm`v. Xm`v` o{ nd {xgnhgvho{gxodn dn xm` xy` gnh wpgcoxy de xm` egfvok

p{`h. G ugvo`xy de apx` egfvok{ {pkm g{ m`{{ogn# cobmx ròbmx HR# G,xrocc# m`guy K`` `xk. gv` p{`h.

V`k`nxcy# {dl` de xm` {ok` xvgh`v{$gkj`v{ p{` gcx`vngx` fpcj gkjgbonb l`hog {pkm g{ rdu`n

cg{xok fgb{ rmokm lgy f` cglongx`h dv vduoh`h roxm g cdd{` con`v fgb gnh lpcxorgcc g`v

{gkj{ roxm g cg{xok con`v fgb. Xm` cg{xok fg{`h gcx`vngx` gkjgbonb lgx`vogc{ gv` p{`h xd

du`vkdl` xm` kdnxglongxodn vdfc`l{ g{{dkogx`h roxm apx`. Ldv`du`v# xm` cg{xok fgb{ $ con`v{

gc{d m`c on v`xgononb xm` wpgcoxy de xm` {ok`{ gkj`h on{oh` edv g cdnb`v xol`. 7?2 Xm` cgx`{x

xv`nh o{ xd p{` Aplfd fgb{ -Ec`}ofc` Onx`vl`hogx` Fpcj Kdnxgon`v{/ -EOFK{/ edv `}dvx de {ok`{.

Xm`{` fgb{ mgu` g kggkoxy de p xd 7 xdnn` gnh dee`v ugvodp{ ghugnxgb`{ {pkm g{1

Fgb{ gv` ec`}ofc`# kdccg{ofc` gnh hpvgfc`

Kgn f` p{`h edv gkjgbonb de bvgnpc`{# drh`v# ecgj`{ gnh gny ev`` ecdronb lgx`vogc

Yvdhpkx rg{xgb` $ {occgb` gnh xgl`vonb kgn f` gudoh`h

[onk` xm` mgnhconb o{ l`kmgno{`h# c`{{ cgfdpv o{ v`wpov`h

[guonb on xol` edv cdghonb gnh pncdghonb

Fgb{ gv` cobmx on ròbmx gnh# xm`vèdv`# evòbmx kd{x{ gv` v`hpk`h


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Kv`gx`{ `kd,evo`nhcy# dccpxodn ev`` rdvjonb gxld{m`v`

Xm` aplfd fgb{ gv` {dl`xol`{ lgh` evdl kcdxm fpx lgoncy evdl cg{xok egfvok# rmokm kgn f`

cglongx`h dv vduoh`h roxm gn onn`v cg{xok con`v fgb. Xm` fgb{ gv` vduoh`h roxm eocconb gnh

ho{kmgvb` {dpx{ gnh {conb{ edv mgnbonb hpvonb cdghonb$pncdghonb d`vgxodn{. Edv h`{obnonb g

aplfd fgb# egkxdv{ {pkm g{ kggkoxy# vdhpkx vdx`kxodn v`wpov`l`nx# fpcj h`n{oxy de xm`

vdhpkx# eocconb gnh ho{kmgvb` egkocoxo`{ gugocgfc` gx xm` p{`v{ `nh# gv` xd f` kdn{oh`v`h.

On{xoxpxodngc Ygkjgb`{

Xm` {ok` xvgh`v{ gc{d p{` on{xoxpxodngc gkj{ de kggkoxo`{ vgnbonb evdl 6jb xd 79jb. Xm` ugvo`xy

de gkjgb`{ p{`h onkcph`{ cglongx`h ec`}ofc` dpkm`{ gnh cg{xok rdu`n {gkj{ rmokm v`cgk`

xvghoxodngc lgx`vogc coj` xoncgx` kdnxgon`v{ gnh apx` fgb{.

Kdn{pl`v Ygkjgb`{

Xm` dxodn{ gugocgfc` xd xm` xvgh`v{$`}dvx`v{ de {ok`{ on xm` {`c`kxodn de g kdn{pl`v gkj edv

hdl`{xok gnh `}dvx lgvj`x gv` wpox` roh`. Mdrù`v# xm` {`c`kxodn$kmdok` de xm` gkjgbonb

lgx`vogc$ {y{x`l h``nh{ pdn g nplf`v de egkxdv{# rmokm gv` fvdghcy co{x`h f`cdr1

[m`ce,coe` `vodh o.`. xm` h`bv`` de vdx`kxodn v`wpov`h fy xm` vdhpkx gbgon{x ldo{xpv` okj,

p# gvdlg v`x`nxodn# ho{kdcdpvgxodn `xk. -xmo{ o{ ldv` kvoxokgc on kg{` de drh`v`h {ok`{/

Kcolgxok kdnhoxodn{ hpvonb {xdvgb`# xvgn{dvxgxodn gnh ho{xvofpxodn

Xy`${`kxdv de lgvj`x

Kdn{pl`v vè`v`nk`{

Yvonxgfocoxy gnh g`{xm`xok g`gc

Xm` gkjgb` xy`{ b`n`vgccy p{`h g{ kdn{pl`v gkj{ gv`1

Bcg{{ fdxxc`{ de ugvodp{ {oq`{ gnh {mg`{ roxm cgf`c{ gnh vduoh`h roxm l`xgc dv cg{xok kg{.

Pnfvgnh`h Kdn{pl`v Ygkj{ de Bvdpnh [ok`{ Xm` cg{xok kg{ mgu` ghh`h onfpocx e`gxpv`{ de

xgl`v ùoh`nk`# ho{`n{onb# bvonhonb `xk.

Yvonx`h xoncgx` kdnxgon`v roxm$roxmdpx ho{`n{onb {y{x`l{

Kdld{ox` kdnxgon`v{ roxm ho{`n{`v{

Ycg{xok kdnxgon`v{ roxm cpb{ gnh kg{ roxm ho{`n{onb gnh xgl`v ùoh`nk` e`gxpv`{


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Yvonx`h ec`}ofc` dpkm`{ occdr dpkm# bp{{`x`h dpkm# {xgnh,p dpkm.

Con`h kgvxdn{

Xm` vonx`h ec`}ofc` dpkm`{ mgu` v`k`nxcy f`kdl` u`vy dpcgv hp` xd xmòv `g{y gugocgfocoxy#

`}k`cc`nx vonxgfocoxy# cobmx ròbmx# lgkmongfocoxy gnh kd{x,èe`kxou`n`{{. Gc{d# h``nhonb pdn

xm` epnkxodngc gnh lgvj`xonb v`wpov`l`nx{# xm` cglongx`$eocl kgn f` xgocdv lgh` xd {`vu` g

{`koeok n``h.

Xm` vonx`h ec`}ofc` dpkm`{ gv` b`n`vgccy cglongx`{ de ugvodp{ kdld{oxodn{. [dl` de xm`

kdlldncy p{`h cglongx`{ gv`1

Ydcy`{x`v$l`xgcco{`h dcy`{x`v$CHY@

FDYY$CHY@

FDYY$l`xgcco{`h dcy`{x`v$CHY@

Ydcy`{x`v$Gc edoc$CHY@

Ydcy`{x`v gnh FDYY fg{`h cglongx`{ gv` b`n`vgccy ldv` dpcgv edv {ok` gkjgbonb hp` xd

k`vxgon ghugnxgb`dp{ kmgvgkx`vo{xok{ de `gkm de xm`{` xrd eocl{. Ydcy`{x`v p{`h edv cglongxodn o{

b`n`vgccy 79 dv 76 xmokj. Xm` eocl o{ mobmcy xvgn{gv`nx roxm `}k`cc`nx kcgvoxy# bcd{{ gnh

vonxgfocoxy xmp{ `nmgnkonb xm` {gc`{ g`gc. Xm` eocl mg{ u`vy cdr ldo{xpv` gnh bg{

`vl`gfocoxy gnh# xm`vèdv`# `n{pv`{ vdcdnb`h {m`cecoe` de xm` kdnx`nx{ roxm gvdlg# ecgudpv

gnh xg{x` v`x`nxodn. Xm` u`vy mobm l`kmgnokgc {xv`nbxm -x`gv# pnkxpv`# fpv{x gnh ec`}/

lonolo{`{ hglgb` xd xm` kdnx`nx{ hpvonb mgnhconb gnh xvgn{dvxgxodn. Xm` eocl mg{ bddh

lgkmongfocoxy g{ r`cc g{ vonxgfocoxy. Xm` cgx`{x vonxonb x`kmndcdbo`{ m`c on olvduonb {gc`{

vdldxodn{. Xm` eocl o{ ev`` evdl ghhoxou`{ gnh# xm`vèdv`# hd`{ ndx olgvx gny dhdpv dv xgonx

xd xm` {`n{oxou` {ok` vdhpkx xmgx o{ gkj`h. FDYY eocl{ lgy f` m`gx {`gcgfc` dv ndn m`gx

{`gcgfc`. Xm` eocl mg{ mobm yo`ch{# o{ {xgfc` pnh`v kcolgxok kmgnb`{ gnh mg{ `}k`cc`nx ldo{xpv`

fgvvo`v. Xmo{ eocl o{ {lddxm# bcd{{y# kvy{xgc kc`gv gnh mg{ mobm l`kmgnokgc {xv`nbxm gnh ndn,

kdnxglongxodn vd`vxy edv eddh kdnxgkx gcokgxodn{.

Kdld{ox` Kdnxgon`v{ Ycg{xok Ydpkm`{ edv Rmdc` [ok`{ Ydrh`v{ xm` {`gcgnx cgy`v de CH MH

dv CHY@ kgn f` v`cgk`h fy CCHY@ dv kg{x YY. Kd,`}xvph`h eocl{ kgn gc{d f` p{`h. YUHK# @UDM

gnh @UGC fg{`h ec`}ofc` lgx`vogc{ gc{d n``h xd f` {xpho`h g{ xm`y gv` ndr on xm` lgvj`x gnh


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xm`{` lgx`vogc{ mgu` mobm fgvvo`v vd`vxo`{. G u`vy oldvxgnx g{`kx xd f` kdn{oh`v`h on xm`

{`c`kxodn de ec`}ofc` cglongx`# f`{oh`{ xm` egkxdv{ l`nxodn`h `gvco`v# o{ xm` kdlgxofocoxy de xm`

kdnxgkx cgy`v de xm` gkjgbonb {pf{xvgx` roxm xmgx de xm` vdhpkx gkj`h on{oh`. Xmo{ n``h{ xd

f` uo`r`h kvoxokgccy edv {ok` drh`v{ de xpvl`vok# kmocco# bonb`v# ``v g{ r`cc g{ {ok` lo}`{

kdnxgononb xm`{` {ok`{. Xm` udcgxoc` doc{ v`{`nx on xm`{` {ok`{ kgn v`gkx roxm xm` kdnxgkx cgy`v

gnh kgp{` {xokjon`{{ gnh kgn gc{d gee`kx xm` vonxonb. H`,cglongxodn de xm` {pf{xvgx`{ lgy gc{d

dkkpv. Edv xm`{` vdhpkx{# ox o{ f`{x xd gudoh xm` p{` de CHY@ - cdr h`n{oxy dcy`xmyc`n`/ g{ xm`

m`gx {`gcgnx dv xm` eddh kdnxgkx cgy`v. Xm` f`xx`v dxodn edv {`gcgnx dv kdnxgkx cgy`v kdpch f`

kd,`}xvph`h eocl de CH,MHY@ -roxm MHY@ on kdnxgkx roxm xm` vdhpkx/ dv kg{x dcyvdyc`n`.

Gcx`vngxou`cy# odndl`v -{pvcyn/ dv @GG -volgkdv/ kgn gc{d f` kdn{oh`v`h g{ xm` {`gcgnx cgy`v{.

Xm` xy`{ de dpkm`{ evdl ec`}ofc` cg{xok fg{`h lgx`vogc{ kdpch f` ugvogfc`1

K`nxv` {`gc edvlgxodn

Xmv`` {oh`{ {`gc edvlgxodn

Edpv {oh`{ {`gc edvlgxodn

[xvo gkj edvlgxodn

Xm` uoxgc conj on xm` `vedvlgnk` de xm` dpkm o{ xm` {`gc onx`bvoxy. Xm` `vedvlgnk` de xm` m`gx

{`gc cgy`v o{ u`vy oldvxgnx. @u`n oe xm` eocl {xvpkxpv` mg{ f``n h`{obn`h roxm `}k`xodngc

vd`vxo`{# roxm `}k`cc`nk` on onx`vcgy`v cglongxodn# oe xm` {`gconb de xm` dpkm egoc{# xm` vdhpkx

lgy b`x kdnxglongx`h gnh on {dl` kg{`{ f`kdl` pneox edv kdn{plxodn. Gldnb xm` {`lo,voboh

gkjgb`{# cg{xok kdnxgon`v{# {`kogccy de {xv`xkm fcdrn Y@X de hoee`v`nx {mg`{ gv` v`dvx`h xd

f` {poxgfc` edv g {m`ce,coe` de gfdpx 7=9 hgy{ edv lg{gcg lo}`{. Y@X kdnxgon`v{ mgu` xm`

ghugnxgb` de f`onb kc`gv# cobmx on r`obmx gnh mgu` xm` h`{ov`h

fgvvo`v vd`vxo`{.

[xpho`{ Kdnhpkx`h gx OOY

Ygkjgbonb de Rmdc` Fcgkj Y``v


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Xvghoxodngccy fcgkj ``v rg{ gkj`h gnh xvgh`h on fpcj wpgnxoxo`{ on bpnny fgb{. G lgvj`x

{xphy kgvvo`h dpx onhokgx`h xmgx xm` vdhpkx rdpch mgu` f`xx`v gkk`xgfocoxy on xm` hdl`{xok g{

r`cc g{ `}dvx lgvj`x roxm olvdu`h gkjgbonb l`xmdh# {`kogccy# fy onxvdhpkonb g {moex on xm`

gkjgbonb xv`nh evdl xm` vgkxok` de fpcj gkjgbonb xd ldh`vn kdnk`x de ugcp` ghhoxodn

xmvdpbm kdn{pl`v gkjgbonb.

[ok`{ Ygkj`h on Ydpkm,on,Kgvxdn

On xm` gfdu` kdnx`}x# xm` On{xoxpx` mgh kgvvo`h dpx gn `}x`n{ou` {xphy dn {m`ce,coe` $ {xdvgb` de

rmdc` fcgkj ``v. Xm` {xphy onudcu`h ùgcpgxodn de xm` xvghoxodngc kdn{pl`v gkjgbonb

{y{x`l on apx` gnh kdxxdn fgb{ gnh kdlgvonb xm` `vedvlgnk` de xm`{` gkjgbonb {y{x`l{

roxm ldh`vn ec`}ofc` cg{xok fg{`h lgx`vogc{ roxm v`{`kx xd xm` j`ònb wpgcoxy de xm` vdhpkx.

[onk` ox rg{ df{`vu`h xmgx xm` rmdc` fcgkj ``v `}dvx`h fy ugvodp{ `}dvx`v{ mgu` hoee`v`nx

cù`c{ de ldo{xpv` kdnx`nx gx xm` xol` de gkjonb# ox rg{ h`koh`h xd kdnhpkx {m`ce,coe` {xpho`{ de

LB7 bvgh` fcgkj ``v gx xmv`` hoee`v`nx cù`c{ de onoxogc ldo{xpv` kdnx`nx{ o.`.79%# 77% gnh

76%. Ox o{# mdrù`v# xd f` ndx`h xmgx g{ `v Fc[ gnh GBLGVJ {`koeokgxodn{# LB7# bvgh` fcgkj

``v {mdpch mgu` g lg}olpl ldo{xpv` kdnx`nx de 77.09%. Xm` {xpho`{ kdnhpkx`h onhokgx`h

xmgx gx xmo{ {xgb` -77.0%/# xm`v` rg{ nd ggv`nx uo{pgc dv dvbgndc`xok kmgnb` on xm` vdhpkx.

Rm`n xm` vdhpkx gxxgon`h g ldo{xpv` cù`c de gfdpx 78%# epnbp{ bvdrxm rg{ h`x`kxgfc`. Xm`

{m`ce,coe` de fcgkj ``v -LB7 gx xmv`` hoee`v`nx ldo{xpv` kdnx`nx cù`c{/ rg{ kgvvo`h dpx on

xm` cgfdvgxdvy# gx edpv hoee`v`nx {xdvgb` kdnhoxodn{. Xm` {m`ce,coe` $ {xdvgb` {xpho`{ r`v` kgvvo`h

dpx roxm òbmx hoee`v`nx ec`}ofc` gkjgbonb lgx`vogc{# rmokm onkcph`h xm` xvghoxodngc kdxxdn gnh

apx` fgb{. Xm` gvgl`x`v{ kdn{oh`v`h edv xm` h`x`vlongxodn de {m`ce,coe` r`v` ldo{xpv`

kdnx`nx# cd{{ de gvdlg gnh g`gvgnk` de epnbp{ bvdrxm. Xm` v`{pcx{ de xm` {xpho`{ onhokgx`h

xmgx xm` kdnu`nxodngc apx` gnh kdxxdn fgb{ dee`v g cdr`v {m`ce,coe`# gvxokpcgvcy gx gkk`c`vgx`h

gnh kykcok kdnhoxodn{ de {xdvgb`. Pnh`v xm`{` kdnhoxodn{ xm`v` rg{ cd{{ de gvdlg# g{ r`cc g{

ldo{xpv` cd{{ $ bgon f`ydnh xm` gkk`xgfc` colox{. Gx xm` x`{x kdnhoxodn{# rm`v` xm` v`cgxou`

mplohoxy rg{ mobm# xm` ldo{xpv` okjp rg{ u`vy vgoh c`ghonb xd epnbp{ bvdrxm gnh

h`x`vodvgxodn de xm` vdhpkx. On xm`{` gkj{# xm` {m`ce,coe` gx ndvlgc kdnhoxodn{ rg{ ; xd 8

r``j{. Evdl xm` v`{pcx{ de xm` {xpho`{# ox rg{ kdnkcph`h xmgx xm` gkjgbonb lgx`vogc{ rmokm


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kdpch dee`v xm` vdhpkx g {m`ce,coe` de gvdpnh dn` y`gv gnh ldv` gx ndvlgc kcolgxok kdnhoxodn{

-62K 7K gnh 50% 6% VM/ on dvh`v de `vedvlgnk` gv`1

g/ 89 b{l g`v $ 9.76ll Gc edoc $ 60 CHY@

f/ 76 l`xgcco{`h dcy`{x`v $ 09 CHY@

k/ 60 FDYY $ 89 CH MH

h/ 76 dcy`{x`v $ 09 CHY@

`/ ?9 CH Xo` Nycdn Xo` CH

Xm` gfdu` lgx`vogc{ -g# f# k h gv` cglongx`{ gnh ` o{ g kd,`}xvph`h eocl/ g{ r`cc g{ dxm`v

lgx`vogc{ roxm {olocgv fgvvo`v vd`vxo`{ r`v` v`kdll`nh`h edv p{` g{ kdn{pl`v gkj

lgx`vogc{. Xm`{` lgx`vogc{ kdpch f` p{`h g{ ecgx occdr dpkm`{# bp{{`x`h dpkm dv {xgnh,p

dpkm`{. Ox o{ xd f` ndx`h xmgx du`v xm` `vodh de y`gv{# xm` xvghoxodngc gkjgbonb lgx`vogc{ mgu`

f``n v`cgk`h fy cg{xok{ fg{`h lgx`vogc{# v`kdll`nh`h gfdu` g{ r`cc g{ {olocgv lgx`vogc{.

Xm` {xphy gc{d kdnkcph`h xmgx oe xm` p`v ldo{xpv` colox o{ 77.0%# xm`n# gx xm` xol` xm` vdhpkx

o{ gkj`h# xm` ldo{xpv` kdnx`nx {mdpch ndx f` ldv` xmgn 79%. Ox o{ gc{d {obnoeokgnx xd {`koey

p`v ldo{xpv` c`u`c{$colox{ gx xm` xol` xm` vdhpkx o{ lgnpegkxpv`h gnh gkj`h# ndx dncy on

xm` kg{` de fcgkj ``v gnh {ok`{# fpx gc{d edv gcc mybvd{kdok $ ldo{xpv` {`n{oxou` vdhpkx{.

[`koeokgxodn{ H`xgoc{ edv Ygkjgbonb de [ok`{

Fg{`h dn on h`xm {xpho`{ kdnhpkx`h gx xm` On{xoxpx`# g {`x de gkjgbonb {`koeokgxodn{ mgu`

f``n hvgrn p edv kdn{pl`v gkj{# onx`vl`hogx` gkj{ gnh fpcj gkj{# on v`{`kx de hoee`v`nx

gkjgbonb lgx`vogc{ xmgx gv` {poxgfc`. [`koeokgxodn h`xgoc{ roxm v`{`kx xd {dl` de cg{xok{

fg{`h gkjgb`{ gv` bou`n on g`nho} Xgfc`{ 6G# 6F# 6K gnh 6H -gx xm` `nh de xm` gvxokc`/ edv

kdn{pl`v gkj{ gnh on g`nho} Xgfc`{ ;G gnh ;F -gx xm` `nh de xm` gvxokc`/ edv fpcj gkj{.

[xpho`{ Kdnhpkx`h gx KEXVO

[ok` Ydrh`v{


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KEXVO# Ly{dv` mg{ kgvvo`h dpx h`xgoc`h {xdvgb` {xpho`{ edv {ok` drh`v{ coj` ``v# xpvl`vok#

kplon# kdvognh`v gnh kmocco. Xm` {xpho`{ r`v` kgvvo`h dpx on 799 bvgl kggkoxy dpkm`{ de

c`}ofc` gkjgbonb lgx`vogc{ gx gkk`c`vgx`h {xdvgb` kdnhoxodn{ de ;=K# ?6% VM gnh {xgnhgvh

kdnhoxodn{ de 62K# 50%V.M. Xm` gvd}olgx` {m`ce,coe` de hoee`v`nx {ok` drh`v{ pnh`v xm`

xrd {xdvgb` kdnhoxodn{ o{ bou`n on g`nho} Xgfc`{ 8G gnh 8F -gx xm` `nh de xm` gvxokc`/. Xm`

v`{pcx{ de xm` {xphy onhokgx` xmgx edv cdnb xol` {xdvgb` gx {xgnhgvh kdnhoxodn{ de 62K# 50% V.M.

xm` lgx`vogc{ rmokm gv` {poxgfc` gv` cglongx`{ de k`ccd $ dcy# l`xgcco{`h dcy`{x`v $ dcy gnh

g`v $ edoc $ dcy rmokm dee`v {m`ce,coe` de 699 hgy{# dn` y`gv gnh du`v dn` y`gv v`{`kxou`cy.

Ydpkm`{ de ldnd eocl{ de 699,bgpb` dcyvdyc`n` dv mobm h`n{oxy dcy`xmyc`n` kgn f`

kdn{oh`v`h edv {mdvx x`vl {xdvgb` de gfdpx ?9 hgy{.

Hvy M`vf Ydrh`v{

Kpcongvy m`vf{ gv` xvgh`h onx`vngxodngccy g{ hvo`h m`vf{. Bvdpnh m`vf{ gv` {`n{oxou` gnh gv`

vdn` xd ugvodp{ xy`{ de kmgnb`{ {pkm g{ cd{{ de udcgxoc` doc# ev`` ecdr vd`vxy# lokvdfogc

{docgb` gnh on{`kx one`{xgxodn. Cobmx gnh d}yb`n fvonb gfdpx ho{kdcdpvgxodn. Cd{{`{ de `{{`nxogc

doc{ kgn gc{d dkkpv v`{pcxonb on h`x`vodvgxodn on xm` wpgcoxy de m`vf drh`v{. [xpho`{ dn drh`v{

de h`myhvgx`h vd{`lgvy# kpvvy c`gu`{ gnh lgvadvgl r`v` pnh`vxgj`n xd h`x`vlon` xm` {xdvgb`

coe` de xm`{` vdhpkx{. Xm` {xdvgb` {xpho`{ r`v` kgvvo`h dpx on xmv`` voboh kdnxgon`v{ lgh` de

bcg{{# mobm h`n{oxy dcy`xmyc`n` -MHY@/# dcy`xmyc`n` x`v`xmgcgx` -Y@X/ gnh gc{d p{onb g

ec`}ofc` Gc edoc cglongx`h dpkm gx gkk`c`vgx`h kdnhoxodn{ de ;=K# ?6% VM gnh {xgnhgvh

kdnhoxodn{ de 62K# 50% V.M. Xm` m`vf drh`v{ r`v` gngcy{`h gx eo}`h onx`vugc{ de xol` edv

wpgcoxy gvgl`x`v{ {pkm g{1

Ldo{xpv` kdnx`nx

Udcgxoc` doc kdnx`nx

Kmcdvdmycc kdnx`nx

Kdcdpv

Xm` v`{pcx{ de xm` {xphy onhokgx` xmgx edv g cdnb {m`ce,coe` de ldv` xmgn 5 ldnxm{# xm` {poxgfc`

gkjgb`{ gv` bcg{{ fdxxc`{ gnh dpkm`{ de Gc edoc cglongx`. Edv g {mdvx`v {xdvgb` coe` de ; xd 5

ldnxm{ gx {xgnhgvh kdnhoxodn{# Y@X gnh MHY@ kdnxgon`v{ gv` {poxgfc`.


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Bpnxpv gnh Fyghobo Ugvo`xo`{ de Kmocco{

Kmocco{ gv` kpcxougx`h g{ dn` de xm` ld{x oldvxgnx kg{m kvd{ on Onhog. Hpvonb 7???,6999 Onhog

`gvn`h V{. 6755 loccodn{ evdl `}dvx de 57#60; xdnn`{ de kmocco{ -[ok`{ Fdgvh 6999/. Kmocco{ gv`

ugcp`h edv xmòv kdcdpv gnh pnb`nky -xm` gkxou` vonkoc` de pnb`nky o{ kg{gokon/. KEXVO#

Ly{dv` mgh pnh`vxgj`n {xpho`{ xd {`` xm` èe`kx dn xm` wpgcoxy roxm v`{`kx xd kdcdpv gnh

kg{gokon on Bpnxpv gnh Fyghobo hvo`h rmdc` kmocco{ gkj`h on 20 mobm h`n{oxy dcy`xmyc`n`

-MHY@/ gnh 76 l`xgcco{`h dcy`{x`v $ ;2 CHY@ dpkm`{ de 609 bvgl{ kggkoxy. Xm` {xpho`{

r`v` kgvvo`h dpx gx xmv`` hoee`v`nx kdnhoxodn{ gkk`c`vgx`h -;=K# ?9 6% V.M./# glfo`nx -62K#

50% V.M./ gnh kdnxvdcc`h -8,0K/. Xm` pnox gkj{ r`v` roxmhvgrn gx onx`vugc{ de 80 hgy{ gnh

g{{`{{`h edv wpgcoxy roxm v`{`kx xd gvgl`x`v{ coj`1

[pvegk` kdcdpv

X`}xpv`

Ldch Gxxgkj

Ldo{xpv` kdnx`nx

Kdcdpv V`x`nxodn

Kg{gokon kdnx`nx

G`nho} Xgfc`{ 0G 0F -gx xm` `nh de xm` gvxokc`/ onhokgx` xm` l`gn ugcp`{ dfxgon`h hpvonb

xm` {xphy. Xm` v`{pcx onhokgx`h xmgx xm` Bpnxpv gnh Fyghobo kmocco{ -609b `gkm/ gkj`h on

MHY@ gnh l`xgcco{`h dcy`{x`v $ CHY@ dpkm`{ mgh f`xx`v kdcdpv ù`n gex`v 7=9 hgy{ gx 8,0K

xmgn gx glfo`nx kdnhoxodn{. Mdrù`v# xm` v`x`nxodn de kdcdpv on l`xgcco{`h dcy`{x`v $ CHY@

dpkm`{ rg{ f`xx`v xmgn MHY@ dpkm`{ gx 8,0K gnh gx glfo`nx kdnhoxodn{# ovv`{`kxou` de xm`

kmocco ugvo`xy. Pnh`v gkk`c`vgx`h kdnhoxodn{ -;=K# ?9% VM/# {m`ce,coe` edv Bpnxpv gnh Fyghobo

kmocco{ on fdxm xm` gkjgb`{ rg{ c`{{ xmgn 80 hgy{ -hgxg ndx onkcph`h on xm` xgfc`{/. Xm`

ho{kdcdpvgxodn de v`h obl`nx de kmocco{ hpvonb {xdvgb` rg{ mobmcy onecp`nk`h fy ldo{xpv` gnh

x`l`vgxpv`. Xm` kg{gokon kdnx`nx {mdr`h g h`kv`g{onb xv`nh ovv`{`kxou` de {xdvgb`

kdnhoxodn{# gkjgbonb lgx`vogc gnh kmocco ugvo`xo`{. Pnh`v oh`nxokgc {xdvgb` kdnhoxodn{ gnh

gkjgb`{# Bpnxpv kmocco{ mgh f`xx`v {m`ce,coe` xmgn Fyghobo kmocco.


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Ygkjgbonb de [ok` Doc gnh Dc`dv`{on{

Dc`dv`{on{ gnh udcgxoc` doc{ gv` dfxgon`h evdl bvdpnh hvo`h {ok`{ gnh mgu` g bddh dx`nxogc on

xm` `}dvx xvgh`. Xm`{` vdhpkx{ gv` {`n{oxou` xd cobmx gnh gv` mobmcy udcgxoc` on ngxpv` gnh

xm`vèdv` n``h xd f` {poxgfcy gkj`h gnh vdx`kx`h. Xm` {ok`{ lgoncy p{`h edv `}xvgkxodn gv`

``v# kmocco`{# xpvl`vok gnh bonb`v. Xm`{` vdhpkx{ gv` gkj`h on `d}y kdgx`h ngvvdr ldpxm

gcplonopl kdnxgon`v de 7 xd 0 coxv`{ kggkoxy. [xv`xkm fcdrn Y@X fdxxc`{ gv` gc{d fònb p{`h

f`kgp{` de xmòv `}k`cc`nx fgvvo`v vd`vxo`{ xd d}yb`n gnh udcgxoc` doc{ gnh kdlgxgfocoxy roxm

xm` vdhpkx. 0 coxv`{ eddh bvgh` MHY@ A`vvy kgn{ gnh 60jb roh` ldpxm MHY@ kdnxgon`v{ roxm

mobm xmokjn`{{ gv` gc{d p{`h.

Kdnkcp{odn

[ok`{ gv` ho{xvofpx`h on rmdc`# bvdpnh gnh g{x` edvl on kdn{pl`v g{ r`cc g{ on fpcj gkj{.

Ld{x xvghoxodngc lgx`vogc{ p{`h `gvco`v coj` g`v# xoncgx` kdnxgon`v{ gnh apx` fgb{ gv` fònb

v`cgk`h fy cg{xok{ lgx`vogc{ edv gkjgbonb de xm`{` vdhpkx{. Ycg{xok{ gv` vè`vv`h hp` xd

xmòv vd`vxo`{ {pkm g{ cobmx ròbmx# `g{y gugocgfocoxy# kdlgxofocoxy# mybònok ngxpv`

lgkmon`gfocoxy# vonxgfocoxy# m`gx {`gcgfocoxy gnh {`c`kxou` fgvvo`v vd`vxo`{.

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