Packaging and Managing Your Professional Image -RoundTable Presentations - Presenting Nationally –

7th Edition APA Reference Style

Raquel Pasarón, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC

Disclosure

• None• This Roundtable Topic was first presented at the 28th Annual

APSNA Scientific Conference, using the 6th edition of the American Psychological Association referencing style.

• This presentation was edited on July 18, 2021, to address notable changes published in the 7th edition of the American Psychological Association referencing style.

Objectives1. Discuss the purpose, uses, and pitfalls of American

Psychological Association formatting for live presentations.2. Develop professional slide presentations following best

practice techniques and successful delivery using the 7thedition guidelines of the APA referencing style.

APA Format -Presentations

**Please note that APA does not have guidelines for presentations. These guidelines are based on best practice recommendations.

This Is What APA Looks Like to Most5

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

6th edition(2009)

7th edition(2020)

Your New Best Friend

What’s changed?

• Better guidelines for citing online media

• Updated guidelines for inclusive and bias-free language

• Minor changes in how to cite sources

What is APA?

• Guidelines of the American Psychological Association Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th edition.

• Purpose of APA (other than to annoy you):oStandardize the many components of scientific writingo Improve comprehension of written materialoEliminate the distraction of trying to find the “correct” way to writeoAdhere to form and rigor

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Why All the Fuss?

• Why are we so concerned about APA?

oWriting professionally helps lend credibility to your content.oYour work may be viewed by professionals from various disciplines.oAPA helps to decrease writing mistakes. This may be important should

your writing undergo scrutiny.

• Why do we need to be good writers?

APA Regulates

• In-text citations• References• Formatting and punctuation• Construction of tables• Presentation of statistics

Title Slide

• Centered• Title of Presentation• Presenter Name• Institution/Affiliation

Use Slide Template Provided by Conference Planning Committee, if applicable

To Cite or Not to Cite: That Is the Question• What is a citation?

• An abbreviated version of a reference used to give credit to the information source

• When should you use a citation?• A citation should be used whenever

you paraphrase, quote, or retrieve an idea from a journal, book, website, video, or any other medium.

• A citation should always be used whenever there is a statement of fact.

• Example: Children have an average of six to eight colds each year (UpToDate, 2018)

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Citation

Roletschek, R. (2015). Citation needed [Image].Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%22Citation_needed%22.jpg

Roletschek, R. (2015). Citation needed [Image].https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%22Citation_needed%22.jpg

References and in-text citations

✓ 7 Notable Changes

6th Edition vs. 7th Edition

X ✓

1.Publisher location not included

X Covey, S. R. (2013). The 7 habits of highly effective people:

Powerful lessons in personal change. New York, NY: Simon &

Schuster.

✓ Covey, S. R. (2013). The 7 habits of highly effective people:

Powerful lessons in personal change. Simon & Schuster.

2. In-text citations are shortened

X 6th Edition ✓ 7th Edition

� 1 Author¡ (Printz, 2012)

� 2 Authors¡ (Hunter & Simmons, 2015)

� 3 or More Authors¡ (Poole-Wilson et al., 2013)

• 1 Author¡ (Printz, 2012)

� 2 Authors¡ (Hunter & Simmons, 2015)

� 3-5 Authors¡ First time citing, include all authors: (Poole-

Wilson, Walsh, O'Rourke, & Fuster, 2013)¡ Subsequent citing, use et al.: (Poole-

• Wilson et al., 2013)� 6 or More Authors

¡ (Cooney et al., 2013)

3. Up to 20 authors inthe reference list

X Miller, T. C., Brown, M. J., Wilson, G. L., Evans, B. B., Kelly, R. S.,

Turner, S. T., … Nelson, T. P. (2018). Seven only

✓ Miller, T. C., Brown, M. J., Wilson, G. L., Evans, B. B., Kelly, R. S.,

Turner, S. T., Lewis, F., Lee, L. H., Cox, G., Harris, H. L., Martin, P.,

Gonzalez, W. L., Hughes, W., Carter, D., Campbell, C., Baker, A. B.,

Flores, T., Gray, W. E., Green, G., … Nelson, T. P. (2018).

5. Citing web pages

Webpages: Italicize the webpage title. Leave out “retrieved from” unlessa date of retrieval is needed.

X Walker, A. (2019, November 14). Germany avoids recession but growth remains weak. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/business-50419127

✓ Walker, A. (2019, November 14). Germany avoids recession but growth remains weak. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/business-50419127

In-Text CitationsOrganization as an Author• Cite the source by its title in the signal phrase or use the first wordor two of the title in the parentheses.

• Use quotation marks or italics as appropriate for the source:• -Quotation marks for article or book chapter• -Italics for book or website

• “Title of work” … (2012).OR

• … (“First words of title,” 2012).

Two or More Works in the Same Parentheses:Order the works alphabetically, separated by a semi-colon

(Smith & Jones, 2014; Williams, 2008)

Authors with the Same Last Name:Use initials with last name

(T. Adams, 2011; J. Adams, 2003)

Two or More Works by an Author in the Same Year:Use lower-case letters (a, b, c) with the year

(Cook, 2012a) (Cook, 2012b)

In-Text Citations

• Use direct quotes sparingly and only when critical for meaning• Instead summarize argument or evidence• Include page number in the in-text citation

Examples:According to Jones (1998), “Students often had difficulty using APA style,especially when it was their first time” (p. 199).

ORAccording to the researcher, “Students often had difficulty using APAstyle, especially when it was their first time” (Jones, 1998, p. 199).

In-Text CitationsQuoting Sources

4. DOIs are formatted as URLs

● Most journal articles and books have a DOI (Digital Object Identifier) assigned to them. This unique link is stable (it doesn’t change over time) and makes retrieving a source easier for readers.

● DOIs are formatted the same as URLs. The label “DOI:” is no longer used.

X doi: 10.1080/02626667.2018.1560449

✓ https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2018.1560449

6. Citing ebooks

● For ebooks, the format, platform, or device (e.g. Kindle) is no longer included in the reference.

● The publisher is included in the reference.

X Brück, M. (2009). Women in early British and Irish astronomy: Stars and satellites [Kindle version]. doi: 10.1007/978-90-481-2473-2

✓ Brück, M. (2009). Women in early British and Irish astronomy: Stars

and satellites. Springer Nature. https:/doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2473-2

7. Contributors other than authors

Media type Include as author

Film Director

TV series Executive producer(s)

Podcast episode Host of episode

Webinar Instructor

Online streaming video Person or group who uploaded the video

Photograph Photographer

References

Reference Slide

• Format references exactly as they would appear in a paper• No bullets • Hanging indent• Alphabetize references• Use more than one slide if needed• ✓ The word “Reference” is bolded in slide or paper

Examples by Type

• Chapters 9-11 (APA, 2020).• Most examples of reference citations can be found in this

section.• Sometimes a reference can be tricky to cite correctly and you

will not be able to find a good example in the APA manual. So, what do you do?

• Locate an online resource. There are some great websites listed at the end of this presentation!

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Remember

• APA uses two types of capitalization for titles of works and headings within works oTitle case – major words capitalized (Example – Title of Journal or

Book)oSentence Case – most words are lower cases (Example – title of

manuscript or chapter)

For more information, please refer to pages 167-168 of APA (2020).

EXAMPLES

ReferencesCrediting Authors• Single Author:Last name first, followed by author initialsBerndt, T. J. (2002). Friendship quality and social development.

Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11(1), 7-10.

• Two Authors:List by last names and initials; use the ampersand instead of “and”Wegener, D. T., & Petty, R. E. (1994). Mood management across

affective states: The hedonic contingency hypothesis.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66(6), 1034-1048.

ReferencesCrediting Authors• Three to Twenty Authors:List by last names and initials; separate with commas; last author name preceded by ampersand; up to 20 authors may be listed.

Kernis, M. H., Cornell, D. P., Sun, C. R., Berry, A., Harlow, T., & Bach, J. S. (1993). There's more to self-esteem than whether it is high or low: The importance of stability of self esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65,1190-1204.

ReferencesMore Than Twenty Authors:After the twentieth author's name, use an ellipsis in place ofthe author names; provide the final author name

Wiskunde, B., Arslan, M., Fischer, P., Nowak, L., Van den Berg, O., Coetzee,L., Juárez, U., Riyaziyyat, E., Wang, C., Zhang, I., Li, P., Yang, R., Kumar,B., Xu, A., Martinez, R.,McIntosh, V., Ibáñez, L. M., Mäkinen, G., Virtanen,E., . . . Kovács, A. (2019). Indie pop rocks mathematics: Twenty one pilots,Nicolas Bourbaki, and the empty set. Journal of Improbable Mathematics,27(1), 1935–1968.

References

Two or More Works by the Same Author:Use the author's name for all entries and list the entries by the year (earliest comes first)

Berndt, T. J. (1981).Berndt, T. J. (1999).

When an author appears both as a sole author and in another citation as the first author of a group, list sole author entries first

Berndt, T. J. (1999).Berndt, T. J., & Keefe, K. (1995).

• Two or More Works by the Same Author:For references that have the same first author and different second and/or thirdauthors, arrange alphabetically by last name of second author

Wegener, D. T., Kerr, N. L., Fleming, M. A., & Petty, R. E. (2000).Flexible corrections of juror judgments: Implications for jury instructions. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 6(3), 629- 654.

Wegener, D. T., Petty, R. E., & Klein, D. J. (1994). Effects of mood on highelaboration attitude change: The mediating role of likelihood judgments. European Journal of Social Psychology, 24(1), 25-43.

References

References

• Two or More Works by the Same Author in the Same Year:Organize sources alphabetically by the title of the article or chapter; assign lower-case letter suffixes to the year

Berndt, T. J. (1981a). Age changes and changes over time in prosocial intentions and behavior between friends.Developmental Psychology, 17(4), 408-416.

Berndt, T. J. (1981b). Effects of friendship on prosocial intentions andbehavior. Child Development, 52(2), 636- 643.

ReferencesBooksBasic Form:Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Publisher.

Example:Calfee, R. C., & Valencia, R. R. (1991). APA guide to preparing manuscripts for journal publication. American PsychologicalAssociation.

Publisher name should be what is shown on the work, even if references show different variations of publisher names.

ReferencesArticles in PeriodicalsBasic Form:Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article.

Title of Periodical, volume number(issue number), pages.

Example:Scruton, R. (1996). The eclipse of listening. The New

Criterion,15(3), 5-13.

ReferencesJournal Articles in Electronic Sources• General principles:o Include the DOI in the reference if one is assignedo If there is no DOI, include the URL (but not for a database)o Do not include the name of the database or the phrase

“retrieved from”o Do not include retrieval dates unless the source material is

likely to change over time such as Wikipedia or theUpToDate database. In this case only, use the phrase“retrieved date, from https://xxxx”

ReferencesJournal Articles Online With No DOIBasic Form:Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (year). Title of article.

Title of Periodical, volume number(issue), pages. http://xxxxx

Include URL only if the article is available online (not including databases)

ReferencesJournal Articles Advance Online Publicationvon Ledebur, S. C. (2007). Optimizing knowledge transfer by

new employees in companies. Knowledge Management Research & Practice. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.kmrp.8500141

Conference session or presentation:Presenter, A. A., & Presenter, B. B (2020, September 18-20).

Title of contribution [Type of contribution]. Conference Name, Location. https://doi.org/xxxx

ReferencesDissertation/Theses OnlineDoctoral dissertation or master’s thesis retrieved from a database service:

Author, A. A. (year). Title of dissertation [Doctoral dissertation, Nameof Institution Awarding the Degree]. Database Name or Archive Name. https://xxxxx

Author, A. A. (year). Title of thesis [Master’s thesis, Name of Institution Awarding the Degree]. Database Name or Archive Name. https://xxxxx

Unpublished dissertation or master’s thesis:

Author, A. A. (year). Title of dissertation or thesis[Unpublished doctoral dissertation or Unpublished master’s thesis]. Name ofInstitution Awarding the Degree.

ReferencesElectronic Sources: Periodicals

Magazine Article:Clay, R. A. (2008, June). Science vs. ideology: Psychologists fight back

against the misuse of research. Monitor on Psychology, 39(6), 41.https://www.apa.org/monitor/2008/06/ideology

Newspaper Article:Brody, J. E. (2007, November 11). Mental reserves keep brains agile.

The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/11/ health/11iht-11brod.8685746.html

For magazines and newspapers, include the month or day of publication.

ReferencesElectronic Sources: Press ReleasesThe White House, Office of the Press Secretary. (2010).

Administration officials continue travel across the country holding“Recovery Summer” events, project site visits [Press release]. http://www.whitehouse.gov/thepressoffice/administration-officials-continue-travelacross-country-holdingrecovery- summer-eve

American Psychological Association. (2010). Today’s superheroes send wrong image to boys, say researchers [Press release]. https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2010/08/macho stereotype-unhealthy

ReferencesElectronic Sources: ContinuedUnpublished Manuscript:Author, A. A. (year). Title of manuscript [Unpublished manuscript].

Department Name, University Name. https://xxxx

PowerPoint slides or lecture notes:Canan, E., & Vasilev, J. (2019, May 22). [Lecture notes on resource allocation].

Department of Management Control and Information Systems, University of Chile. https://uchilefau.academia.edu/ElseZCanan

Housand, B. (2016). Game on! Integrating games and simulations in the classroom [PowerPoint slides]. SlideShare. https://www.slideshare.net/brianhousand/game-on-iagc-2016/

A word about citing or using PowerPoints•DO NOT INTERPOSE OR CUT AND PASTE AN OLD PRESANTATION ONTO A NEW TEMPLATE.

•YOU WILL NEED TO REFORMAT AND ADAPT TO THE NEW TEMPLATE.

ReferencesElectronic Sources: Film or VideoFilm:Forman, M. (Director). (1975). One flew over the cuckoo’s nest

[Film]. United Artists.

YouTube or other streaming video:Cutts, S. (2017, November 24). Happiness [Video]. Vimeo.

https://vimeo.com/244405542

TED Talk:TED. (2012, March 16). Brené Brown: Listening to shame [Video].

YouTube.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=psN1DORYYV0

ReferencesElectronic Sources: TVEntire Television Series:Simon, D., Colesberry, R. F., & Kostroff Noble, N. (Executive

Producers). (2002-2008). The wire [TV series]. BlownDeadline Productions; HBO.

Episode or Webisode:Barris, K. (Writer & Director). (2017, January 11). Lemons (Season 3,

Episode 12) [TV series episode]. In K. Barris, J. Groff, A. Anderson, E. B. Dobbins, L. Fisburne, & H. Sugland (ExecutiveProducers), Black-ish. Wilmore Films; Artists First; CinemaGypsy Productions; ABC Studios.

ReferencesElectronic Sources: PodcastsPodcast:Vedantam, S. (Host). (2015-present). Hidden brain [Audio

podcast]. NPR.https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain

Podcast episode:Glass, I. (Host). (2011, August 12). Amusement park (No. 443)

[Audio podcast episode]. In This American life. WBEZChicago. https://www.thisamericanlife.org/radio-archives/episode/443/amusement-park

ReferencesElectronic Sources: Timestamps for Audiovisual Materials

A timestamp is like a page number, showing the point at which the quotation begins.

In-Text Citation:One patient who experienced the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy stated that it was so remarkable for her that “I began to think impossible things,like I could even invite people home” (OCD-UK, 2009, 4:50).

Reference:OCD-UK. (2011, February 26). A guide to Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)

[Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ds3wHkwiuCo

ReferencesElectronic Sources: Art (DO YOU HAVE PERMISSION?)Artist, A. A. (copyright year). Title of work [Painting, Drawing, Sculpture,

Photograph, etc.]. https://xxxx

Wyeth, A. (1948). Christina’s world [Painting]. https://www.moma.org/collection/works/78455?classifica tions=any&date_begin=Pre-1850&date_end=2020&locale=en&page=1&q=Christina%27s+World&with_images=1

Westinghouse Electronic Corporation. (2009). Lightning model [Photograph].https://www.nationalgeographic.com/photography/photo of-the-day/2009/12/lightning-model-pod-best09/

ReferencesElectronic MusicFull Album:Bach, J.S. (2010). The Brandenburg concertos: Concertos BWV

1043 & 1060 [Album recorded by Academy of St. Martin inthe Fields]. Decca. (Original work published 1721)

Bowie, D. (2016). Blackstar [Album]. Columbia.

Single Track:Beyoncé. (2016). Formation [Song]. On Lemonade. Parkwood;

Columbia.

ReferencesInstagramInstagram Account:Author, A. A. [@username]. (n.d.). Instagram posts [Instagram

account]. Instagram. Retrieved month date, year, from https://xxxx

Instagram photo or video:Zeitz MOCAA [@zeitzmocaa]. (2018, November 26). Grade 6

learners from Parkfields Primary School in Hanover Park visited the museum for a tour and workshop hosted by [Photographs]. Instagram. https://www.Instagram.com/p/BqpHpjFBs3b/

ReferencesTwitter ProfileTwitter profile:APA Style [@APA_Style]. (n.d.). Tweets [Twitter profile].

Twitter. Retrieved November 1, 2019, from https://twitter.com/APA_Style

Tweet:APA Education [@APAEducation]. (2018, June 29). College

students are forming mental-health clubs-and they’re making adifference @washingtonpost [Thumbnail with link attached] [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitters.com/apaeducation/status/101281049053014 0161

ReferencesFacebook PageFacebook Page or Note:Smithsonian’s National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute. (n.d.). Home [Facebook page]. Facebook. Retrieved July 22, 2019, fromhttps://www.facebook.com/nationalzoo

Parenthetical Citation: (Smithsonian’s National Zoo and ConservationBiology Institute, n.d.)

Facebook Post:News From Science. (2018, June 26). These frogs walk instead of hop: https://scim.ag/2KlriwH [Video]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/ScienceNOW/videos/1015550 8587605108/

Parenthetical Citation: (News From Science, 2018).

ReferencesBlogsBlog PostKlymkowsky, M. (2018, September 15). Can we talk scientifically about free will? Sci-Ed.

https://blogs.plos.org/scied/2018/09/15/can-we- talk-scientifically-about-free-will/

Parenthetical Citation: (Klymkowsky, 2018).

Comment on an online periodical article or post:KS in NJ. (2019, January 15). From this article, it sounds like men are figuring something

out that women have known forever. I know of many [Comment on the article “How workout buddies can help stave off loneliness”]. The Washington Post. https://wapo.st/2HDToGJ

Parenthetical Citation: (KS in NJ, 2019).

Special SituationsCiting Personal CommunicationsA personal communication is cited in the body of the paper but not included in the reference list.

The journal has reported a large increase in submissions (M. Knight, personal communication, October 3, 2018)

Retrieving Your References• Always remember your retrieval information should lead you

directly to the referenced item• Your reference must be publicly accessible• CORRECT:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0024671/• INCORRECT: https://eds-b-ebscohost-

com.libproxy.usouthal.edu/eds/detail/detail?vid=1&sid=8c030f89-35c7-41b3-8fc7-38d50633d18a%40pdc-v-sessmgr04&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU%3d#AN=edsdoj.b1a864184dd8425db7604d1c4ba12f6e&db=edsdoj

Only persons with access to USA libraries can access this site.

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Did You Know???

• Did you know that not all journals use APA formatting?

• If you retrieve a citation from a journal, you must convert it to APA if it is not already in APA style

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Utah State University. (n.d.). Popular citation styles. [Image].https://usu.instructure.com/courses/449395/pages/types-of-citation-styles

Did You Know???

• Some libraries provide citation generators through their software?

• As with all citation generators, it is up to YOU to assure the citation is correct

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Author Responsibilities

• Producing quality writing is the responsibility of every presenter• Here are some tips:

• Use a grammar checker and spellcheck programs to review your work.• Rehearse your presentation out loud. You will catch a lot of mistakes

this way.• Have someone else review your presentation and offer suggestions.

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Author Responsibilities

• Additional items to keep in mind:• With few exceptions, references should be current within the

past five years.• Your reference list should always be alphabetized.• The APA Manual may not have all the answers.

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Inclusive and bias-free language

✓ Updated Guidelines

APA StyleAvoiding Bias• Respect people’s preferences.• Call people by the pronouns or other designations they prefer

if known.• Make an effort to determine what is appropriate for your

situation; you may need to ask your participants what theyprefer.

• Singular “they/their” has become increasingly accepted inmany publication venues.

Use singular “they” –Gender Neutral

X A researcher’s career depends on how often he is cited.

✓ A researcher’s career depends on how often they are cited.

X Each examiner submitted his or her assessment.

✓ Each examiner submitted their assessment.

Be sensitive to labels

X The poor

✓ People living in poverty

X Transsexuals

✓ Transgender people

Appropriate level of specificity

X Over-65s

✓ People aged 65 to 75

X Asian participants

✓ Vietnamese, Cambodian, and Thai participants

APA ResourcesAmerican Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological

Association (7th ed.). American Psychological Association.

American Psychological Association. (n.d.). APA style blog. https://apastyle.apa.org/blog?_ga=2.62197292.1040078668.1626631923-1288722601.1626631923

Auckland University. (2021). APA 7th referencing style guide. http://www2.eit.ac.nz/library/OnlineGuides/APA%20Referencing%20Brief%20Guide.pdf

Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library. (2021). APA citation style, 7th edition: Electronic image.https://guides.himmelfarb.gwu.edu/c.php?g=27779&p=170351

Purdue Online Writing Lab. (2021). APA style introduction. https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_style_introduction.html

Wayne State College. (2021). Citation quicksheets: APA Citation Style Guide - 7th Edition. https://www.wsc.edu/download/downloads/id/2201/apa_citation_style_guide_-_7th_edition_2020.pdf

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