package of practices for organic production of crops and ...cow urine, panchagavya, etc.)...

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Organic Crop Production GuideNPOF, ICAR-IIFSR, Modipuram

1

SIKKIM

Suggested cropping systems (Based on Testing at Research Farm)

For Rainfed areas

1. Maize (green cobs)-Pahenlo Dal-Buckwheat

2. Maize+Beans- vegetable pea

3. Maize+Beans-Rajmash

4. Maize+Beans-Toria

For Irrigated areas

1. Rice-Vegetable pea-Maize (green cobs)

2. Rice-Fenugreek (leafy vegetable)-Baby corn

3. Rice-Sunflower-Dhaincha (Green Manuring)

4. Rice-Vegetable pea

Details of crops in cropping systems

For rainfed areas

Maize (green cobs)

Particulars Kharif Rabi Summer

Crop maize buckwheat Pahenlo dal

Fortnight of sowing/planting April December August

Fortnight of harvesting July March November

Varieties suitable for organic farming RCM 1-76 Vivek Mithey PD-3

QPM -9 HQPM-1 PRB-1


2

Important features of suitable varieties

Parameters RCM-1-76 Vivek QPM-9

Duration (days) 105-110 100-105

Average yield under organic condition (kg/ha) 6.20 t (green cobs) 7.5 t (green cobs)

Source (s) of availability — —-

Suitable regions/districts in the state —- —

Specific resistance/tolerance to pest — —

Specific resistance/tolerance to disease — —

Specific tolerance to drought/waterlogging — —

Cultural practices

Seed rate (kg/ha) (not 20-25 kg/haapplicable for nursery crops)

Pre-sowing/planting treatment Material Recommended Method ofof seed/seedlings (only using rate (kg/ha or lit/ha) applicationorganic inputs such as Biofertilizer 600 g/ha Seed treatmentbio-fertilizer, bio-control agents, (Azospirillum 600 g/hacow urine, panchagavya, etc.) spp.) Phospho-

bacteria

Spacing (row X plant) in cm 50 × 20 cm

Number of seedling/hill NA

Basal application of organic Source Quantity/ha

manures including soil FYM 8.0 t/ha

application of bio-fertilizer, Vermicompost 1.0 t/ha

bio-control agents, et. (to be Azospirillum spp. 2.0 kg/ha

applied before last ploughing) PSM 2.0 kg/ha

Neem cake 0.5 t/ha

Top dressing of organic Source Quantity/ha Days after sowing/manures (including cow planting or stage ofurine/Biodynamic preparation/ croppanchagavya, etc.)

Irrigation practices Number of Most critical Depth of irrigationirrigations stages for irrigation (cm)


3

Crop grown totally under rainfed condition. Therefore noirrigation has been given

Weed management Critical stage Recommended practice for organic conditionof weeding

45 days after Use of weed biomass/ tree leaves mulchsowing between the rows

Organic plant protection Name of pest/ Recommended Quantity/ m2 areapractices disease organic material/

practices used forcontrol

Diseases:Turcicum leaf blight(Helminthosporiumturcicum)Maydis leaf blight(Bipolaris maydis)Bacterial stalk rot(Erwinia carotovora,Erwiniachrysanthemi)

Insect pests:Cut worm Stemborer Army wormSemi-looper andcob borer Birddamage 1. Hand picking or

trapping of adultmoths

2. crop rotation3. change in sowing

and harvestingtimings

4. spraying of neemformulations 1500ppm @3ml/l orspinosad 45SC@ 0.3 ml/l

Yield

Parameters

Economic yield (kg/ha) Average 6.0 t/ha


4

Buckwheat (Rabi)


Parameters Mithey PRB-1

Duration (days) 105-110 days 108-115 days

Average yield under organic condition (kg/ha) 1100 kg 1120 kg

Source (s) of availability — —

Suitable regions/districts in the state — —




Cultural practices

Seed rate (kg/ha) 35-40 kg/ha

Pre-sowing/planting treatment Material Recommended rate Method ofof seed/seedlings (only using (kg/ha or lit/ha) applicationorganic inputs such as Azophos seed Azophos @ 800 g/ha Seed treatmentbio-fertilizer, bio-control agents, treatment+mixed 5 t/ha +0.5 t/ha or and soilcow urine, panchagavya, etc.) compost+neem vermicompost 1.5 t/ha application

cake Orvermicompost

Spacing (row x plant) in cm 30-45cm row to row, 10-15cm plant to plant

Number of seedling/hill

Basal application of organic Source Quantity/hamanures including soil —- ——application of bio-fertilizer,bio-control agents, et.(to be applied before lastploughing)

Top dressing of organic Source Quantity/ha Days after sowing/manures (including cow planting or stage ofurine/Biodynamic croppreparation/panchagavya,etc.)


Pre-flowering andpod formation stage


5

Weed management Critical stage Recommended practice for organicof weeding condition

One weeding and hoeing Crop should be seeded into a fine,at 20-25 DAS is helpful for firm and weed-free seedbed.raising a good crop Secondly, the seed should be

placed into moist soil to ensurequick germination and emergence.

Organic plant protection Name of pest/ Recommended Quantitypractices disease organic material/

practices usedfor control

Diseases

Downey mildew Selection of seedsfrom disease freeplants

Sowing of healthy 4gm/kg of seedseeds and seedtreatment withTrichoderma virideSoil application oftrichoderma viride

Powdery mildew Sowing of healthy 0.25%seeds and applicationof wettable sulfur

Pests

Bruchids(Acanthecelidsobtectus), grainmoth (Cephitineaspp.), cut worm(Cirphis spp.),storage beetles(Mycetophagusspp.) andaphids

Yield

Parameters

Economic yield (kg/ha) 1125


6

Pahenlo dal (Summer)


Parameters PD-3

Duration (days) 115-120 days

Average yield under organic condition (kg/ha) 650 kg

Source (s) of availability —

Suitable regions/districts in the state —

Specific resistance/tolerance to pest —

Specific resistance/tolerance to disease —

Specific tolerance to drought/waterlogging —

Cultural practices


Pre-sowing/planting treatment Material Recommended rateof seed/seedlings (only using (kg/ha or lit/ha) Method oforganic inputs such as bio- applicationfertilizer, bio-control agents, Rhizobium 400 gram Seed treatmentcow urine, panchagavya, etc.) PSB (phosphate

Solubilizing 400 gramBacteria)

Spacing (row × plant) in cm 30 × 10 cm

Number of seedling/hill

Basal application of organic Source Quantity/hamanures including soil FYM 5 t/haapplication of bio-fertilizer, Vermicompost 2.5t/habio-control agents, et. (to beapplied before last ploughing)


Pre-flowering stage



7

10-40DAS Hand weeding

Farm litter mulch @ 5 t/ha

Organic plant protection Name of pest/ Recommended Quantity/m2 areapractices disease organic material/

practices used forcontrol

Diseases: Field sanitationAnthracnose Application of(Colletotrichum wettable sulphurlindemuthianum) @0.25%Yellow mosiac Spraying of neemvirus oilrust

Insect pests: Spraying of spinosadpod sucking bugs 45 SC @0.3 ML/L(Riptortus spp) Removal andbihar hairy destruction of earlycaterpillar stage larvae(Spilosomaobliqua)

Yield

Parameters

Economic yield (kg/ha) 750

Maize+Beans based cropping sequences

Land preparation

• A good seed bed should consist of 5 to 7 cm of fine firm soil that is free from weeds.

• To achieve this fine seedbed, traditional farmer practice is to deep plough immediatelyafter harvest of the kharif/rabi crops. It helps in early sowing of the crop after ploughingthe land once or twice followed by one harrowing.

• After harvesting of maize, around 30 per cent residue (maize stalk) should be retainedfor mulching (conservation agriculture/minimum tillage) in rabi sown crop (Vegetable


8

pea), which have the ability to reduce soil temperature, crusting of soil surface, surfaceevaporation, emergence of weeds, soil erosion, sand-blasting damage to seedlings andimprove infiltration rate and finally increased productivity of maize+bean -vegetable peasystem.

• Mulching (residue retention of previously harvested crop) has the potential to reduce therisk of crop failure as a result of drought, especially during the winter season.

Crop (kharif): Maize

Important features of suitable varieties:

Parameters Vivek QPM-9

Duration (days) 130-135 days

Average yield under organic condition (kg/ha) 4200 kg

Source (s) of availability —-

Suitable regions/districts in the state —

Specific resistance/tolerance to pest —

Specific resistance/tolerance to disease —

Specific tolerance to drought/waterlogging —

Cultural practices


Pre-sowing/planting treatment Material Recommended Method ofof seed/seedlings (only using rate (kg/ha or lit/ha) applicationorganic inputs such as Biofertilizer 600 g/ha600 g/ha Seed treatmentbio-fertilizer, bio-control agents, (Azospirillumcow urine, panchagavya, etc.) spp.) Phospho-

bacteria


Number of seedling/hill NA


manures including soil FYM 8.0 t/ha


9

application of bio-fertilizer, Vermicompost 1.0 t/ha

bio-control agents, et. (to Azospirillum spp. 2.0 kg/ha

be applied before last PSM 2.0 kg/ha

ploughing) Neem cake 0.5 t/ha

Top dressing of organic Source Quantity/ha Days after sowing/manures (including cow urine/ planting or stage ofBiodynamic preparation/ croppanchagavya, etc.)

Irrigation practices Number of Most critical Depth of irrigationirrigations stages for (cm)

irrigation

Crop grown totally under rainfed condition. Therefore no irrigation hasbeen given


45 days after Use of weed biomass/ tree leaves mulchsowing between the rows



Diseases:Turcicum leafblight(Helminthos-poriumturcicum)Maydis leaf blight(Bipolarismaydis)Bacterial stalk rot(Erwiniacarotovora,Erwiniachry-santhemi)

Insect pests: 1. Hand picking orCut worm Stem trapping of adultborer Army worm monthsSemi-looperand 2. crop rotationcob borerBird 3. change in sowingdamage and harvesting

timings


10

4. spraying of neemformulations 1500ppm @3ml/l orspinosad 45SC@ 0.3 ml/l

Yield

Parameters

Economic yield (kg/ha) 4,100 maize and 1500 kg green pod ofcowpea

Cowpea

Seed rate: 35 kg/haVariety: Kashi KanchanSpacing: 25x10

Rabi crops

Cultural practices Vegetable pea Rajmash Toria

Land preparation After harvesting of A good seed bed The land should be wellmaize, around 30 should consist of 5 to prepared first by 2-3 deepper cent residue 7 cm of fine firm soil ploughing with soil(maize stalk) should that is free from turning plough, followedbe retained for weeds. After by two cross-harrowingmulching harvesting of maize, after harvesting of(conservation around 30 per cent maize results in goodagriculture/minimum residue (maize germination and uniformtillage) in Vegetable stalk) should be stand of the crop.pea. retained for mulching

(conservationagriculture/minimumtillage), which havethe ability to reducesoil temperature,crusting of soilsurface, surfaceevaporation,emergence ofweeds, soil erosion,sand-blasting damageto seedlings andimprove infiltration rate


11

Organic manure Vermicompost or neem Apply vermicompost Application of mixedapplication cake @ 1.0 t/ha in or neem cake compost @ 5 t/ha +

furrows open for @ 1.0 t/ha in furrows vermicompost @ 1.0 t/hasowing of the seeds. open for sowing of + neem cake @ 1.0 t/ha

the seeds. + dolomite 1.0 t/hashould be applied

Time of sowing End of September End of September End of September

Varieties Kanshi Udai SKMR-57 M-27, B-9,SYS-1

Seed rate 100 kg/ha 100kg seed/ha 4 kg seed/ha

Spacing 30 × 10 cm 30 cm x10 30 cm x 10-15 cm

Water Depending on water Since Rajmash has Since toria has beenmanagement availability for good been grown as a grown as a rainfed crop,

yield applied water rainfed crop, hence, hence, proper mulchingat pre-flowering proper mulching of maize stalk shouldstage of maize stalk should be done.

be done. If irrigationwater is available thenapply supplementalirrigation at pre podformation stage.

Weed The critical period The critical period of The critical period ofmanagement of crop weed crop weed competition crop weed competition

competition is 40 is 40 days after is 45 days afterdays after sowing. sowing. sowing.One hand weeding, Two hand weeding, One hand weedingfirst at 30 DAS first at 15-20 DAS and at 15-20 DAS should

second at 40-45 DAS be done to get theshould be done to get optimum yield.the optimum yield.

Use of weed biomass/tree leaves’ mulchbetween the rows is oneof the best alternatives ofhand weeding underorganic weedmanagement conditions.

Harvesting First picking 85-95 85-90 days after 110-115 days afterdays after sowing sowing sowing


12

For Irrigated areas

1. Rice-Vegetable pea-Maize (green cobs)

2. Rice-Fenugreek (leafy vegetable)-Baby corn

3. Rice-Sunflower-Dhaincha (Green Manuring)

4. Rice-Vegetable pea

Land preparation

• The land should be properly prepared with two-three ploughing and uniform levelling withperipheral bund.

• Puddling may be done two-three times to make it weed-free and water retentive.

• Excessive tillage results in degradation of soil quality, causes soil and nutrient loss througherosion during heavy rains and finally leads to yield reduction.

• Organic manures like farmyard manure or composts should be applied about 15 daysbefore transplanting and mixed with the soil during ploughing.

Rice (Kharif)


Parameters Sasharang Attey local

Duration (days) 145-155 160-165

Average yield under organic condition (kg/ha) 4100 2300

Source (s) of availability — —

Suitable regions/districts in the state — —





13

Nursery raising practices (if applicable)

Area of nursery required for 1 ha 1000 sq m for dry nursery and wet nursery and 100 sq m forMMN (modified mat nursery) in SRI

Nursery raising method Dry nursery, wet nursery, SRI

Bed size (length X breadth in m) 4-5 cm height and 1-1.5 m in width for dry nursery, keep saturatred forfew days with water in wet nursery and 4 m wide bed in MMN.

Seed sowing rate/m2 2.5-3.0 in dry, 40-50 in wet and 10 kg/ha in modified SRI

Pre-sowing seed/soil treatment Materials Quantity/kg Method of(only using organic inputs such of seed applicationas bio-fertilizer, bio-control Azospirillum 2 kg/ha Rot dippingagents, cow urine, Phosphate solubilizers 2 kg/hapanchagavya, etc.)

Source and optimum quantity Materials Quatity/m2 area Method ofof organic manures/other applicationnutrient source/m2 of nursery Vermicompost 2 kg Vermicompost

Irrigation practices

Weed management Manual weeding

Organic plant protection Name of pest/ Recommended Quantity/ m2 areapractices disease organic material

used for control

Seed borne Solar seeddiseases treatment

Soil borne Seed and seedlingdiseases treatment with

tricoderma

Optimum age of nursery (days) 8-14 days in SRI

Cultural practices

Seed rate (kg/ha) (not 60-100 kg/ha for upland conditionapplicable for nursery crops)

Pre-sowing/planting treatment Material Recommended Method ofof seed/seedlings (only using rate (kg/ha or lit/ha) applicationorganic inputs such as Azosprillum and 2kg/ha Seed treatmentbio-fertilizer, bio-control agents, phosphate & seedling rootcow urine, panchagavya, etc.) solubilizers dipping

Azolla 500kg/ ha Azolla isincorporated asgreen manure beforetransplanting


14


Number of seedling/hill 2-3


manures including soil FYM 15 t/ha

application of bio-fertilizer, Neem cake 1.0 t/habio-control agents, et. (to beapplied before last ploughing)

Top dressing of organic Source Quantity/ha Days after sowing/manures (including cow urine/ planting or stage ofBiodynamic preparation/ croppanchagavya, etc.)



Crop rotation, increasing plant density, use ofmulches, soil solarisation, hand weeding,flooding



Diseases: Deep summerBlast Brown spot ploughingSheath rot Sheath Growing tolerantblight Stem rot varieties Crop rotationFalse smut with oil seeds andBacterial leaf pulses Applicationblight Tungro virus of neem cake

@ 150kg/ha asbasal dose Sprayingneem oilsettig upof light traps Sprayblitox 0.3% at bootleaf stage and 50 %at flowering stage.

Insect pests: Field sanitation,Stem borers Placement ofLeaf-folder branches of


15

(Cnephalocrocis Chromoleanamedinalis) odoratum, SchimaGundhi-bug wallichi, Artimisia(leptocorisca vulgaris in the fieldorientalis) for repelling ofRice-thrips insects. Spraying of(Baliothrips neem oil 0.03 ECbiformis) @ 3ml/l at 10 DATRodents

Rabi/Summer crops under rice based sequences in irrigated condition

Cultural Vegetable Fenugreek Maize Baby Sunflower Dhainchapractices pea green cobs corn

Land Zero-tillage 2-3 2-3 deep 2-3 2-3 One

preparation ploughing ploughing + ploughing+ ploughing ploughingOne tilling 1 tilling 1 tilling +1 tilling

Organic Vermi- FYM @10 Mixed FMY @ FYM @ 5 NA

manure compost t/ha or vermicompost 10 t+ Vermi- t/ha+ 1application @ 1.0 t/ha compost @ 5 t/ha + compost Poultry

2 t/ha+ vermi- @ 2 t/ha Manure+

neem cake compost 2 t Vermi-0.5 t/ha @ 1.0 t/ha compost/

+ neem cake ha

@ 1.0 t/ha +dolomite1.0 t/ha

should beapplied

Time November November February February November May

of sowing

Varieties Kanshi Udai Sugandh HQPM-9 Vl-42 DRSH-108 local

Seed rate 100 kg/ha 40 kg 25 kg 25 kg/ha 4 kg/ha 45 kg/ha

seed/ha seed/ha

Spacing 30×10 cm 20 cm× 50 cm x 45cm x 60cm x Broad10 cm 20 cm 15 cm 30 cm casting


16

Water First 45 Irrigation At knee 15-20 Three Onemanage- DAS and has been high stage DAS and irrigation irrigationment second at given at at just at 1 Bud

pod filling 10 interval appearance initiationstage and just of silking 2-Flower

after each openingcutting 3- Seed

filling

Weed The critical Critical crop The critical Critical crop Critical crop NAmanage- period of weed period period of weed weed periodment crop weed 30 DAS crop weed completion 30-45 DAS

competition First competition period 35 One handis 40 days weeding is 45 days DAS weeding atafter sowing. after sowing. One hand 30 DAS andOne hand One hand weeding at mulching ofweeding, weeding at 20-30 das farm litterfirst at 30 15-20 DAS Weed @ 5 t/haDAS should be biomass

done to get mulchingthe optimum @ 5 t/hayield.

Use of weedbiomass/tree leaves’mulchbetween therows is oneof the bestalternativesof handweedingunderorganic weedmanagementconditions.

Harvesting First picking First cutting 110-115 First picking 140 DAS Incorpo-65-70 DAS 60 DAS days after started ration in

sowing 60 DAS soil at60 DAS


17

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18

Crop protection

Insect pests management

� No major insect pests have been recorded in coriander and spinach.

� Red ant, cut worm, semi-looper, cabbage butterfly and Diamond back moth are someimportant pests of broccoli.

� Remove and destroy all the remnants, stubble, debris etc. after the harvest of thepreceding crop.

� Apply well-decomposed FYM.

� Frequently monitor of the field, hand-pick and destroy the larvae of cabbage butterfly,semi-looper, Diamond back moth, cutworm etc.

� Flood the field to check the infestation of red ant and cutworm.

� Apply mixture of water, cow urine and neem oil (8 l + 2 l + 50 ml) @ 100 ml/plant atweekly interval starting from 15 DAT to manage red ant and cut worm.

� If pest population becomes severe, spray neem formulation 1500 ppm @ 3 ml/l andsecond spray at 15 days interval. Spraying of Bacillus thuringiensis @ 2 g/l checks thepopulation of cutworm, semi-looper and Diamond back moth.

Disease management

Broccoli

Club root (Plasmodiophora brassicae)

� Crop rotation with non-host crops like pulses for minimum of four years.

� Field sanitation and removal of infected plants.

� Plant cabbage and other susceptible cruciferous crops in well-drained fields that havepH slightly above neutral (usually about pH 7.2).

� Arrest flow of water from infected field to other field.

� Avoid excess irrigation.

� Follow soil conservation practices as the spores are easily transported through wateror wind.

� Sanitize tools and farm implements used on infected plants.

� Apply dolomite @ 2 t/ha to reduce the soil acidity and increase pH to 7.2 (6 weeks beforeplanting @ 2.5 t/ha).

� Treat the seeds with Trichoderma viride @ 4 gm/kg of seeds.


19

� Drench with copper oxychloride @ 0.25 per cent.

� Seed treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10 g/kg of seeds, followed by seedlingdip @ 5 g/l and soil application @ 2.5 kg/ha along with 50 kg FYM before planting.

Wiry stem/Damping off (Rhizoctonia solani)

� Remove infected plants and burn them.

� Crop rotation with French bean and green peas.


� Destroy plant debris after harvest.

� Treat the nursery soil with Trichoderma viride @ 2 per cent.

Black rot of crucifers (Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris)

� Use certified seeds.

� Hot water treatment of seeds at 50oC for 30 min.

� Deep ploughing to bury the crop residue.


� Intercultural operations should be avoided when plants are wet.

� Control cruciferous weeds in and around the field.

� Apply copper-based fungicides viz., COC @ 0.25 per cent.

� Provide drainage and free air movement to dry the moisture present on the plants.

� Control cabbage worms, cut worms and root maggots to prevent injury to the crop plants.

Spinach: Major diseases have not been reported in spinach under Sikkim conditions.

Coriander

Powdery mildew (Erysiphe polygoni)

� Use sulphur dust @ 20-25 kg per ha.

� Spray wettable sulphur @ 0.25 per cent.

� Seed treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10 g/kg and foliar spray ofPseudomonas fluorescens @ 2 g/lit.

� Spray neem seed kernel extract @ 5 per cent.


20

2. B

rocc

oli

- co

rian

der

- c

abb

age

- ra

dis

h -

co

rian

der

Cro

p

Nur

sery

so

win

g

So

win

g/

tran

spla

ntin

g ti

me

Var

ietie

s S

eed

rate

/ h

a

Nut

rien

t m

anag

emen

t M

etho

d o

f pl

anti

ng

Spa

cing

(c

m)

Wat

er

man

agem

ent

Inte

rcu

ltura

l o

pera

tion

Har

vest

ing

B

rocc

oli

Firs

t w

eek

of

May

Firs

t wee

k of

Ju

ne

Eve

rest

, A

ishw

arya

,

TS

X-0

788,

et

c.

600

-70

0 g

FY

M @

1.5

-2.0

kg

/m2 ,

nee

m c

ake

@ 2

00 g

/m2 a

nd

dolo

mite

@ 2

00

g/m

2 a

t the

tim

e of

be

d pr

epar

atio

n

Pla

ntin

g sh

ould

be

in s

mal

l pi

ts.

45 c

m

row

to

row

,

30 c

m

plan

t to

plan

t

Man

ual

irrig

atio

n a

t 10

-15

day

s in

terv

al o

r by

dr

ip ir

rigat

ion.

Thre

e m

anua

l w

eedi

ng a

t 10

-15

days

in

terv

al.

Har

vest

bef

ore

buds

ope

n an

d bu

d cl

uste

r sh

ould

be

com

pact

. App

rox.

he

ad s

ize:

15-

20

cm d

iam

eter

, w

eigh

t: 25

0-60

0 g

C

oria

nder

-

Third

wee

k of

S

epte

mbe

r P

ant H

aritm

a,

Sup

er M

idor

i, K

hush

boo,

R

achn

a et

c.

25-3

0 kg

V

erm

icom

post

@

0.5-

1.0

kg/m

2 a

t the

tim

e of

bed

pr

epar

atio

n

Sow

ing

shou

ld b

e in

row

s.

15-2

0 cm

ro

w to

ro

w,

3-5

cm

plan

t to

plan

t

Man

ual

irrig

atio

n a

t 7-

10 d

ays

inte

rva

l.

Thre

e m

anua

l w

eedi

ng a

t 10

da

ys in

terv

al.

Har

vest

ing

shou

ld

be d

one

at 6

-7''

heig

ht a

nd w

hole

pl

ant s

houl

d be

up

root

ed.

C

abba

ge

Firs

t w

eek

of

Oct

ober

Third

wee

k of

N

ovem

ber

R

are

Bal

l, M

agic

Bal

l, B

C-7

6,

Gol

den

Acr

e,

Pra

gati

etc.

500

-60

0 g

FY

M @

1.5

-2.0

kg

/m2

at th

e tim

e of

be

d pr

epar

atio

n

Pla

ntin

g sh

ould

be

in s

mal

l pi

ts.

40 c

m

row

to

row

,

30 c

m

plan

t to

plan

t

Man

ual

irrig

atio

n a

t 10

-15

day

s in

terv

al o

r by

dr

ip ir

rigat

ion.

Thre

e m

anua

l w

eedi

ng a

t 15

da

ys in

terv

al.

Har

vest

ing

shou

ld

be d

one

whe

n he

ad s

ize:

15-

20

cm d

iam

eter

and

w

eigh

t: 1-

1.5

kg

R

adis

h -

Firs

t wee

k of

M

arch

P

usa

Che

tki,

Chi

nese

Pin

k et

c.

8-10

kg

V

erm

icom

post

@

0.5-

1.0

kg/m

2 a

t the

tim

e of

bed

pr

epar

atio

n

Sow

ing

shou

ld b

e in

row

s.

20 c

m

row

to

row

,

5 cm

pl

ant t

o pl

ant

Man

ual

irrig

atio

n a

t 10

da

ys in

terv

al.

Thre

e m

anua

l w

eedi

ng a

t 10

da

ys in

terv

al.

Ligh

t irr

igat

ion

may

be

giv

en to

fa

cilit

ate

liftin

g of

ro

ots.

C

oria

nder

-

Firs

t wee

k of

M

ay

Pan

t Har

itma,

S

uper

Mid

ori,

Khu

shbo

o,

Rac

hna

etc.

25-3

0 kg

Sow

ing

shou

ld b

e in

row

s.

15-2

0 cm

ro

w to

ro

w,

3-5

cm

plan

t to

plan

t

Man

ual

irrig

atio

n a

t 10

da

ys in

terv

al.

Two

man

ual

wee

ding

at 7

da

ys in

terv

al.

Har

vest

ing

shou

ld

be d

one

at 6

-7''

heig

ht a

nd w

hole

pl

ant s

houl

d be

up

root

ed.


21

Crop protection


� No major insect pests have been recorded in coriander and radish.

� Red ant, cut worm, semi-looper, cabbage butterfly and Diamond back moth are someimportant pests of broccoli and cabbage.



� Frequently monitor the field, hand-pick and destroy the larvae of cabbage butterfly, semi-looper, Diamond back moth, cutworm etc.



� If pest population becomes severe, spray neem formulation 1500 ppm @ 3 ml/l andsecond spray at 15 days interval.

� Spraying Bacillus thuringiensis @ 2 g/l checks the population of cutworm, semi-looperand Diamond back moth.

Disease management

Broccoli and cabbage



� Field sanitation and remove infected plants.

� Plant cabbage and other susceptible cruciferous crops in well-drained fields that havepH slightly above neutral (usually about pH 7.2).



� Follow soil conservation practices since the spores are easily transported through wateror wind.

� Sanitize tools and farm implements used on infected plants.



22




















� Use resistant varieties of cabbage like Cabaret, Defender, Gladiator, Pusa Mukta.

Radish: Major diseases have not been reported under Sikkim conditions.

Coriander







23

3. C

ori

and

er -

rad

ish

- f

enu

gre

ek -

sp

inac

h -

co

rian

der

Cro

p

Nu

rser

y so

win

g S

ow

ing/

tran

spla

ntin

g ti

me

Var

ieti

es

See

d ra

te/h

a N

utri

ent

man

agem

ent

Met

hod

of

plan

ting

Sp

acin

g (c

m)

Wat

er

man

agem

ent

Inte

rcu

ltura

l op

era

tion

Har

vest

ing

C

oria

nder

-

Firs

t wee

k of

Ju

ne

Pan

t H

arit

ma,

S

uper

M

idor

i, K

hush

boo,

R

ach

na

etc.

25-3

0 kg

V

erm

icom

post

@

0.5

-1.0

kg/

m2

and

dolo

mite

@

200

g/m

2 at

the

tim

e of

bed

pr

epar

atio

n.

Sow

ing

shou

ld b

e in

row

s.

15-2

0 cm

ro

w to

ro

w,

3-5

cm

plan

t to

plan

t

Man

ual

irrig

atio

n at

10

days

inte

rval

.

Two

man

ual

wee

ding

at 7

da

ys in

terv

al.

Har

vest

ing

shou

ld

be d

one

at 6

-7''

heig

ht a

nd w

hole

pl

ant s

houl

d be

up

root

ed.

R

adis

h -

Third

wee

k of

Ju

ly

Pus

a C

het

ki,

Ch

ines

e P

ink

etc.

8-10

kg

FY

M @

1.5

-2.0

kg

/m2

at th

e tim

e of

bed

pr

epar

atio

n

Sow

ing

shou

ld b

e in

row

s.

20 c

m

row

to

row

,

5 cm

pl

ant t

o pl

ant

Man

ual

irrig

atio

n at

10

days

inte

rval

.

Thre

e m

anua

l w

eedi

ng a

t 10

da

ys in

terv

al.

Ligh

t irr

igat

ion

may

be

give

n to

fa

cilit

ate

harv

est

of r

oots

.

F

enug

reek

-

Firs

t wee

k of

O

ctob

er

Loca

l, P

usa

Kas

uri,

Pra

bha,

S

ag K

alm

i et

c.

30-3

5 kg

Sow

ing

shou

ld b

e in

row

s.

15-2

0 cm

ro

w to

ro

w,

3-5

cm

plan

t to

plan

t

Man

ual

irrig

atio

n at

10

days

inte

rval

.

Thre

e m

anua

l w

eedi

ng a

t 10

da

ys in

terv

al.

Har

vest

ing

shou

ld

be d

one

at 6

-7''

heig

ht a

nd w

hole

pl

ant s

houl

d be

up

root

ed.

S

pina

ch

- F

irst w

eek

of

Janu

ary

All

Gre

en,

Pus

a Jy

oti

etc.

15 k

g F

YM

@ 1

.5 -2

.0

kg/m

2 at

the

time

of b

ed

prep

arat

ion

Sow

ing

shou

ld b

e in

row

s.

15-2

0 cm

ro

w to

ro

w,

3-5

cm

plan

t to

plan

t

Man

ual

irrig

atio

n at

7-

10 d

ays

inte

rval

.

Thre

e m

anua

l w

eedi

ng a

t 10

da

ys in

terv

al.

Leaf

sho

uld

be

cut w

hen

atta

ins

mar

keta

ble

size

or

at 6

-9''

heig

ht

plan

t sho

uld

be

upro

oted

.

C

oria

nder

-

Firs

t wee

k of

A

pril

Pan

t H

arit

ma,

S

uper

M

idor

i, K

hush

boo,

R

ach

na

25-3

0 kg

V

erm

icom

post

@

0.5

-1.0

kg/

m2

at th

e tim

e of

be

d pr

epar

atio

n

Sow

ing

shou

ld b

e in

row

s.

15-2

0 cm

ro

w to

ro

w,

3-5

cm

plan

t to

plan

t

Man

ual

irrig

atio

n at

10

days

inte

rval

.

Two

man

ual

wee

ding

at 7

da

ys in

terv

al.

Har

vest

ing

shou

ld

be d

one

at 6

-7''

heig

ht a

nd w

hole

pl

ant s

houl

d be

up

root

ed.


24

Crop protection

Insect pests management: Insect pests that cause economic damage have not beenreported under Sikkim conditions.

Disease management

Coriander






Fenugreek

Powdery mildew (Erysiphe polygoni and Leveillula taurica)

� Dust sulphur @ 25 kg/ha or spray wettable sulphur @ 0.25 per cent.

Radish: Major diseases have not been reported under Sikkim conditions.

Spinach: Major diseases have not been reported under Sikkim conditions.


25

4. C

abb

age

- Ray

a sâ

g -

bro

cco

li - c

ori

and

er

Cro

p

Nu

rser

y so

win

g S

owin

g/

tran

spla

ntin

g

time

Va

riet

ies

See

d

rate

/ha

Nut

rien

t m

anag

emen

t M

eth

od o

f pl

anti

ng

Sp

acin

g (c

m)

Wat

er

man

agem

ent

Inte

rcu

ltura

l o

pera

tion

Har

vest

ing

C

abba

ge

Firs

t we

ek

of M

ay

Firs

t wee

k of

Ju

ne

Gol

den

Acr

e, R

are

Bal

l, M

agi

c B

all,

BC

-76,

P

raga

ti et

c.

500

-60

0 g

FYM

@ 1

.5 -

2.0

kg/m

2, n

eem

ca

ke @

200

g/m

2

and

dolo

mite

@

200

g/m

2 a

t the

tim

e of

bed

pr

epar

atio

n

Pla

ntin

g sh

ould

be

in s

mal

l pi

ts.

40 c

m

row

to

row

,

30 c

m

plan

t to

plan

t

Man

ual

irrig

atio

n at

10-

15 d

ays

inte

rval

or b

y dr

ip ir

rigat

ion.

Thre

e m

anua

l w

eedi

ng a

t 10

-15

days

in

terv

al.

Har

vest

ing

shou

ld b

e do

ne w

hen

head

siz

e: 1

5-20

cm

di

amet

er a

nd

wei

ght:

1-1.

5 kg

R

aya

sāg

Four

th

wee

k o

f A

ugus

t

Fou

rth w

eek

of

Sep

tem

ber

Gre

en le

af

or p

urpl

e le

af ty

pe

600

-70

0 g

Ver

mic

ompo

st

@ 0

.5-1

.0 k

g/m

2

at th

e tim

e of

bed

pr

epar

atio

n

Pla

ntin

g sh

ould

be

in s

mal

l pi

ts.

45 c

m

row

to

row

,

30 c

m

plan

t to

plan

t

Man

ual

irrig

atio

n at

10-

15 d

ays

inte

rval

.

Thre

e m

anua

l w

eedi

ng a

t 10

da

ys in

terv

al.

Mul

tiple

leaf

cu

t sho

uld

be

take

n w

hen

atta

ins

mar

keta

ble

size

or a

t 9-

12''

leng

th.

B

rocc

oli

Four

th

wee

k o

f N

ovem

ber

Firs

t wee

k of

Ja

nuar

y

Eve

rest

, A

ishw

arya

,

TSX-

078

8,

etc.

600

-70

0 g

FYM

@ 1

.5 -

2.0

kg/m

2, n

eem

ca

ke @

200

g/m

2

at th

e tim

e of

bed

pr

epar

atio

n

Sow

ing

shou

ld b

e in

row

s.

45 c

m

row

to

row

,

30 c

m

plan

t to

plan

t

Man

ual

irrig

atio

n at

10-

15 d

ays

inte

rval

or b

y dr

ip ir

rigat

ion.

Thre

e m

anua

l w

eedi

ng a

t 15

da

ys in

terv

al.

Har

vest

be

fore

bud

s op

en a

nd b

ud

clus

ter s

houl

d be

com

pact

. A

ppro

x. h

ead

size

: 15-

20

cm d

iam

eter

, w

eigh

t: 25

0-60

0 g

C

oria

nder

-

Fou

rth w

eek

of

Apr

il P

ant

Ha

ritm

a,

Sup

er

Mid

ori,

Khu

shbo

o,

Ra

chna

25-3

0 kg

Sow

ing

shou

ld b

e in

row

s.

15-2

0 cm

ro

w to

ro

w,

3-5

cm

plan

t to

plan

t

Man

ual

irrig

atio

n at

10

days

inte

rval

.

Tw

o m

anua

l w

eedi

ng a

t 7

days

inte

rval

.

Har

vest

ing

shou

ld b

e do

ne a

t 6-7

'' he

ight

and

w

hole

pla

nt

shou

ld b

e up

root

ed.


26

Crop protection


� No major insect pests have been recorded in coriander and Raya sâg.

� Red ant, cut worm, semi-looper, cabbage butterfly and Diamond back moth are someimportant pests of cabbage and broccoli.






� If pest population becomes severe, spray neem formulation 1500 ppm @ 3 ml/l andsecond spray at 15 days interval.

� Spraying Bacillus thuringiensis @ 2 g/l checks the population of cutworm, semi-looperand Diamond back moth.

Disease management

Cabbage and Broccoli




� Plant cabbage and other susceptible cruciferous crops in well drained fields that havepH slightly above neutral (usually about pH 7.2)




27


� Clean tools and farm implements used on infected plants.


















� Apply copper-based fungicides viz., COC @ 0.25%.



28


� Use resistant varieties of cabbage viz., Cabaret, Defender, Gladiator, Pusa Mukta.

Raya sâg




� Plant cabbage and other susceptible cruciferous crops in well drained fields that havepH slightly above neutral (usually about pH 7.2)









Coriander







29

5. C

abb

age

- sp

inac

h -

bro

cco

li - c

ori

and

er

C

rop

Nu

rser

y so

win

g S

owin

g/

tran

spla

ntin

g

time

Var

ieti

es

See

d

rate

/

ha

Nut

rien

t m

anag

emen

t M

etho

d of

p

lan

ting

Spa

cing

(c

m)

Wat

er

man

agem

ent

In

terc

ultu

ral

oper

atio

n

Har

vest

ing

C

abba

ge

Firs

t we

ek

of M

ay

Firs

t wee

k of

Ju

ne

Gol

den

Acr

e, R

are

Bal

l, M

agi

c B

all,

BC

-76,

P

raga

ti et

c.

500

-60

0 g

FYM

@ 1

.5 -

2.0

kg/m

2, n

eem

ca

ke @

200

g/

m2 a

nd

dolo

mite

@ 2

00

g/m

2 at

the

time

of b

ed

prep

arat

ion

Pla

ntin

g sh

ould

be

in s

mal

l pi

ts.

40 c

m

row

to

row

,

30 c

m

plan

t to

plan

t

Man

ual

irrig

atio

n at

10-

15

days

in

terv

al o

r by

d

rip ir

rigat

ion.

Thre

e m

anua

l w

eedi

ng a

t 10

-15

days

in

terv

al.

Har

vest

ing

shou

ld b

e do

ne w

hen

head

siz

e:

15-2

0 cm

di

amet

er

and

wei

ght:

1-1.

5 kg

S

pina

ch

- F

ourth

wee

k of

S

epte

mbe

r A

ll G

reen

, P

usa

Jyot

i et

c.

15 k

g V

erm

icom

post

@

0.5

-1.0

kg/

m2

at th

e tim

e of

be

d pr

epar

atio

n

Sow

ing

shou

ld b

e in

row

s.

15-2

0 cm

ro

w to

ro

w,

3-5

cm

plan

t to

plan

t

Man

ual

irrig

atio

n at

7-

10

days

in

terv

al.

Thre

e m

anua

l w

eedi

ng a

t 10

da

ys in

terv

al.

Leaf

sho

uld

be c

ut w

hen

atta

ins

mar

keta

ble

size

or

at 6

-9'

' hei

ght

plan

t sho

uld

be u

proo

ted.

B

rocc

oli

Firs

t we

ek

of

Nov

embe

r

Sec

ond

we

ek o

f D

ece

mbe

r E

vere

st,

Ais

hwar

ya,

TSX-

078

8,

etc.

600

-70

0 g

FYM

@ 1

.5 -

2.0

kg/m

2, n

eem

ca

ke @

200

g/

m2 a

t the

tim

e of

bed

pr

epar

atio

n

Pla

ntin

g sh

ould

be

in s

mal

l pi

ts.

45 c

m

row

to

row

,

30 c

m

plan

t to

plan

t

Man

ual

irrig

atio

n at

10-

15

days

in

terv

al o

r by

d

rip ir

rigat

ion.

Thre

e m

anua

l w

eedi

ng a

t 15

da

ys in

terv

al.

Har

vest

be

fore

bud

s op

en a

nd

bud

clus

ter

shou

ld b

e co

mpa

ct.

App

rox.

he

ad s

ize:

15

-20

cm

diam

eter

, w

eigh

t: 25

0-60

0 g

C

oria

nder

-

Sec

ond

we

ek o

f A

pril

Pan

t H

arit

ma,

S

uper

M

idor

i, K

hush

boo,

R

ach

na

25-3

0 kg

Sow

ing

shou

ld b

e in

row

s.

15-2

0 cm

ro

w to

ro

w,

3-5

cm

plan

t to

plan

t

Man

ual

irrig

atio

n at

10

day

s in

terv

al.

Two

man

ual

wee

ding

at 7

da

ys in

terv

al.

Har

vest

ing

shou

ld b

e do

ne a

t 6-7

'' he

ight

and

w

hole

pla

nt

shou

ld b

e up

root

ed.


30

Crop protection










Disease management

Cabbage and broccoli




� Plant cabbage and other susceptible cruciferous crops in well-drained fields that havepH slightly above neutral (usually about pH 7.2)








31

� Drench with copper oxycholoride @ 0.25 per cent.


















Spinach: Major diseases have not been reported in spinach under Sikkim conditions.

Coriander







32

6. C

ori

and

er -

rad

ish

- fe

nu

gre

ek -

cau

liflo

wer

- p

akch

oi

Cro

p N

urs

ery

sow

ing

Sow

ing/

tran

spla

ntin

g

time

Var

ieti

es

See

d ra

te/

ha

Nu

trie

nt

man

agem

ent

M

etho

d of

p

lan

ting

Spa

cing

(c

m)

Wat

er

man

agem

ent

In

terc

ultu

ral

oper

atio

n

Har

vest

ing

C

oria

nder

-

Firs

t wee

k of

Ju

ne

Pan

t H

arit

ma,

S

uper

M

idor

i, K

hush

boo,

R

ach

na

25 -

30 k

g V

erm

icom

post

@

0.5-

1.0

kg/m

2 a

nd

dolo

mite

@ 2

00

g/m

2 at

the

time

of b

ed

prep

arat

ion

Sow

ing

shou

ld b

e in

row

s.

15-2

0 cm

ro

w to

ro

w,

3-5

cm

plan

t to

plan

t

Man

ual

irrig

atio

n at

10

day

s in

terv

al.

Two

man

ual

wee

ding

at 7

da

ys in

terv

al.

Har

vest

ing

shou

ld b

e do

ne

at 6

-7''

heig

ht

and

who

le p

lant

sh

ould

be

upro

oted

.

R

adis

h -

Sec

ond

we

ek o

f Ju

ly

Pus

a C

hetk

i, C

hin

ese

Pin

k et

c.

8-10

kg

F

YM

@ 1

.5 -2

.0

kg/m

2 at t

he ti

me

of b

ed

prep

arat

ion

Sow

ing

shou

ld b

e in

row

s.

20 c

m

row

to

row

,

5 cm

pl

ant t

o pl

ant

Man

ual

irrig

atio

n at

10

day

s in

terv

al.

Thre

e m

anua

l w

eedi

ng a

t 10

da

ys in

terv

al.

Ligh

t irr

igat

ion

may

be

give

n be

fore

har

vest

ing

to fa

cilit

ate

harv

estin

g of

ro

ots.

Fen

ugre

ek

- F

ourth

wee

k of

S

epte

mbe

r Lo

cal,

Pus

a K

asur

i, P

rabh

a, S

ag

Kal

mi e

tc.

30 -

35 k

g

Sow

ing

shou

ld b

e in

row

s.

15-2

0 cm

ro

w to

ro

w,

3-5

cm

plan

t to

plan

t

Man

ual

irrig

atio

n at

10

day

s in

terv

al.

Thre

e m

anua

l w

eedi

ng a

t 10

da

ys in

terv

al.

Har

vest

ing

shou

ld b

e do

ne

at 6

-7''

heig

ht

and

who

le p

lant

sh

ould

be

upro

oted

.

Cau

liflo

wer

Fi

rst w

eek

of

N

ovem

ber

Firs

t wee

k of

D

ece

mbe

r S

uhas

ini,

Sno

w B

all,

Sum

edha

, S

hala

kha,

P

usa

Kat

ki

etc.

400

-50

0 g

FY

M @

1.5

-2.0

kg

/m2 ,

neem

ca

ke @

200

g/m

2 at

the

time

of b

ed

prep

arat

ion.

Pla

ntin

g sh

ould

be

in s

mal

l pi

ts.

45 c

m

row

to

row

,

30 c

m

plan

t to

plan

t

Man

ual

irrig

atio

n at

10-

15

days

in

terv

al o

r by

d

rip ir

rigat

ion.

Thre

e m

anua

l w

eedi

ng a

t 15

da

ys in

terv

al.

Har

vest

cur

d at

co

mpa

ct s

tage

. A

ppro

x. h

ead

size

: 15-

20 c

m

diam

eter

, wei

ght:

500

g to

1.0

kg

Pak

choi

Fi

rst w

eek

of

Mar

ch

Firs

t wee

k of

A

pril

Shu

ko

400

-50

0 g

Ver

mic

ompo

st @

0.

5-1.

0 kg

/m2

at

the

time

of b

ed

prep

arat

ion.

Pla

ntin

g sh

ould

be

in s

mal

l pi

ts.

30 c

m

row

to

row

,

30 c

m

plan

t to

plan

t

Man

ual

irrig

atio

n at

10

day

s in

terv

al.

Thre

e m

anua

l w

eedi

ng a

t 10

da

ys in

terv

al.

Har

vest

ing

shou

ld b

e do

ne

at 6

-8''

heig

ht

and

who

le p

lant

sh

ould

be

upro

oted

.


33

Crop protection










Disease management

Coriander






34


Radish: Major diseases have not been found under Sikkim conditions.

Fenugreek

Powdery mildew (Erysiphe polygoni and Leveillula taurica)

� Dust sulphur @ 25 kg/ha or spray wettable sulphur @ 0.25 per cent.

Cauliflower and Pakchoi




� Planting cabbage and other susceptible cruciferous crops in well-drained fields that havepH slightly above neutral (usually about pH 7.2)









35



















36

Veg

etab

le c

rop

pin

g s

equ

ence

fo

r lo

w c

ost

pla

stic

rai

n s

hel

ter

1. T

om

ato

- to

mat

o -

pea

C

rop

Nu

rser

y so

win

g S

ow

ing/

tran

spla

ntin

g ti

me

Va

riet

ies

See

d

rate

/ ha

Nut

rien

t m

anag

emen

t M

etho

d of

p

lan

ting

Sp

acin

g (c

m)

Wat

er

man

agem

ent

Inte

rcu

ltura

l o

pera

tion

Har

vest

ing

T

omat

o Fi

rst w

eek

of

Mar

ch

Firs

t wee

k of

A

pril

Pus

a R

uby,

P

unja

b C

huh

ara,

R

om

eo,

Jess

ica,

Epo

ch,

Laks

hman

, M

egha

To

mat

o-2,

Meg

ha

Tom

ato-

3, e

tc.

400

-50

0 g

FYM

@ 4

-5 k

g/m

2 ,

neem

cak

e @

200

g/

m2 a

nd

dolo

mite

@

200

g/m

2 at

the

time

of b

ed

prep

arat

ion.

S

eedl

ing

root

dip

w

ith A

zosp

irillu

m +

P

SB

(20

%) f

or 1

5 m

inut

es. A

pply

ve

rmic

ompo

st @

0.

5-1.

0 kg

/m2 af

ter

two

mon

ths

of

trans

plan

ting.

Pla

ntin

g sh

ould

be

in s

mal

l pi

ts.

75 c

m ro

w

to ro

w,

60 c

m p

lant

to

pla

nt.

Man

ual

irrig

atio

n at

3-5

da

ys in

terv

al fo

r in

itial

es

tabl

ishm

ent o

f se

edlin

gs a

nd

then

at 1

0-15

da

ys in

terv

al o

r by

drip

irr

igat

ion.

Thre

e m

anua

l w

eedi

ng a

t 10

days

inte

rval

. B

asin

of p

lant

sh

ould

alw

ays

be c

lean

ed fo

r be

tter

nutri

ent

use.

Sta

king

of

plan

ts s

houl

d be

do

ne w

ith

bam

boo

stic

ks.

Tom

atoe

s ar

e ha

rves

ted

at

mat

ure

gree

n st

age

at fo

ur d

ays

inte

rval

for

dist

ant

mar

ket a

nd

pink

to li

ght

red

stag

e fo

r lo

cal m

arke

t.

T

omat

o La

st w

eek

of J

une

Last

wee

k of

Ju

ly

Pus

a R

uby,

P

unja

b C

huh

ara,

R

om

eo,

Jess

ica,

Epo

ch,

Laks

hman

, M

egha

To

mat

o-2,

Meg

ha

Tom

ato-

3,

etc.

400

-50

0 g

FYM

@ 4

-5 k

g/m

2 ,

neem

cak

e @

200

g/

m2 a

t th

e tim

e of

be

d pr

epar

atio

n.

See

dlin

g ro

ot d

ip

with

Azo

spiri

llum

+

PS

B (2

0 %

) for

15

min

utes

. App

ly

verm

icom

post

@

0.5-

1.0

kg/m

2 af

ter

two

mon

ths

of

trans

plan

ting.

Pla

ntin

g sh

ould

be

in s

mal

l pi

ts.

75 c

m ro

w

to ro

w,

60 c

m p

lant

to

pla

nt.

Man

ual

irrig

atio

n at

3-5

da

ys in

terv

al fo

r in

itial

es

tabl

ishm

ent o

f se

edlin

gs a

nd

then

at 1

0-15

da

ys in

terv

al o

r by

drip

irr

igat

ion.

Thre

e m

anua

l w

eedi

ng a

t 10

days

inte

rval

. B

asin

of p

lant

sh

ould

alw

ays

be

clea

ned

for b

ette

r nu

trie

nt u

se.

Sta

king

of p

lant

s sh

ould

be

done

w

ith b

ambo

o st

icks

.

Tom

atoe

s ar

e ha

rves

ted

at

mat

ure

gree

n st

age

at fo

ur d

ays

inte

rval

for

dist

ant

mar

ket a

nd

pink

to li

ght

red

stag

e fo

r lo

cal m

arke

t.

P

ea

- Th

ird w

eek

of

No

vem

ber

TSX-

10,

Pan

t S

abzi

Mat

ar-3

Pus

a P

raga

ti,

VR

P-5

, VR

P-

6,

De

ntam

e et

c.

100

-12

5 kg

FYM

@ 1

.5-2

.0

kg/m

2 at

the

time

of

bed

prep

arat

ion.

Sow

ing

shou

ld b

e do

ne in

ro

ws

eith

er o

n rid

ges,

fu

rrow

s or

fla

t lan

d.

30 c

m x

30 c

m a

nd

for D

enta

me

45 c

m ro

w

to ro

w,

30 c

m p

lant

to

pla

nt.

Soi

l kep

t moi

st

till g

erm

inat

ion

and

then

irrig

ate

at fl

ower

ing

and

pod

fillin

g st

age.

Thre

e m

anua

l w

eedi

ng a

t 10-

15 d

ays

inte

rval

.

Mul

tiple

ha

rves

t of

mat

ure

gree

n po

ds

with

ped

icel

an

d m

inim

um

dist

urba

nce

to th

e pl

ants

.


37

Crop protection


� White fly, aphids and fruit borer cause economic damage in tomato.

� Use petroleum-oil based agro spray @ 10 ml/l and second spray at 20 days interval tocontrol whitefly and aphids in tomato and aphids in pea.

� Regularly monitor, collect and destroy larvae for controlling fruit borer.

� Spraying Spinosad 45 SC @ 0.3 ml/l and second spray at 20 days interval is effective tocontrol of tomato fruit borer and pod borer in pea.

� Installation of pheromone trap for mass trapping of adult of fruit borers is highly effective.

Disease management

Tomato

Damping off (Pythium aphanidermatum)

� Seed treatment with Trichoderma viride @ 4 g/kg seeds.

� Provide sufficient drainage to avoid water stagnation.

� Crop rotation with non-solanaceous crops.

Early blight (Alternaria solani)

� Use clean seed for healthy plants.

� Remove and burn crop residues at the end of the season.

� Deep ploughing to expose the disease inoculum to the sun.

� Crop rotation with non-susceptible crops at least for three years.

� Air circulation should be improved by adopting proper spacing in the field.

� Orientation of rows in the direction of prevailing winds, avoid shaded areas, and alsoavoid wind barriers.

� Irrigation should be given early in the day to promote rapid drying of foliage.

� Healthy plants with adequate nutrition are less susceptible to the disease.

� Minimize plant injury and the spread of spores by controlling feeding by insects.


38

� When the foliage is wet working in the field should be avoided.

� Use resistant varieties like Arka Rakshak, Arka Samrat.

� Spray copper oxychloride @ 0.25 per cent or Bordeaux mixture @ 0.1 per cent at 10 to15 days interval.

Late blight (Phytophthora infestans)

� Remove infected plant debris after harvest.

� Crop rotation with non-solanaceaous crops.

� Provide sufficient drainage.

� Maintain optimum spacing to allow free air circulation.

� Spray copper oxychloride @ 0.25 per cent or Bordeaux mixture @ 1 per cent.

Bacterial wilt (Pseudomonas solanacearum)

� Field sanitation and remove infected plants immediately after the appearance of thesymptom.

� Crop

package of practices for organic production of crops and ...cow urine, panchagavya, etc.)...

Documents