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§π-ª≈“ ¬ÿ§ ÿ«√√≥¿Ÿ¡‘ ‡¡◊ËÕ 3,000 ªï¡“·≈â« ∑’ˇ°“–‡¢“‡¢’¬πÕ”‡¿Õ‡¡◊Õß ®—ßÀ«—¥æ—ßß“

MAN-FISH from 3,000 years ago, found on Ko Khao Khian,Mueang, Phang-Nga.

 ÿ«√√≥¿Ÿ¡‘ §”·ª≈·≈–§«“¡À¡“¬

 ÿ«√√≥¿Ÿ¡‘ ·ª≈μ“¡√Ÿª»—æ∑å«à“·ºàπ¥‘π∑Õß À√◊Õ¥‘π·¥π∑Õß ·μà¡’§”‡©æ“–‡√’¬°„™â¡“π“π·≈â««à“·À≈¡∑Õß À¡“¬∂÷ß∫√‘‡«≥º◊π·ºàπ¥‘π„À≠à¢ÕßÕÿ…“§‡π¬å À√◊Õ‡Õ‡™’¬μ–«—πÕÕ°‡©’¬ß„μâ ‡¡◊ËÕ√“«2,500 ªï¡“·≈â« Õ—π‡ªìπ¥‘π·¥πÕÿ¥¡ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å∑’Ë¡’§«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬∑“ß™’«¿“æ ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ —μ«å, æ◊™æ—π∏ÿå∏—≠≠“À“√ ·≈–·√à∏“μÿμà“ßÊ ∑—È߇ªìπ·À≈àߢÕß°≈ÿà¡™“μ‘æ—π∏ÿåÀ≈“°À≈“¬∑’Ë≈â«π‡ªìπ‡§√◊Õ≠“μ‘∑“ß —ߧ¡«—≤π∏√√¡ ·≈–‡ªìπ∫√√æ∫ÿ√ÿ…¢Õߧπ‰∑¬∑ÿ°«—ππ’È

æ®π“πÿ°√¡ Õ∏‘∫“¬§”  ÿ«√√≥ [ ÿ-«—π] π. ∑Õß. ( .  ÿ«√⁄≥; ∫.  ÿ«≥⁄≥). ¿Ÿ¡‘ 1, ¿Ÿ¡‘- [柡,æŸ-¡‘, 柡-¡‘-] π. ·ºàπ¥‘π, ∑’Ë¥‘π. ¿Ÿ¡‘ 2 π. æ◊È𧫓¡√Ÿâ, ªí≠≠“. ¿Ÿ¡‘ 3 «.  ßà“, º÷Ëߺ“¬, ÕßÕ“®.  ÿ«√√≥¿Ÿ¡‘π. ¥‘π·¥π∑Õߧ”

 ÿ«√√≥¿Ÿ¡‘ ‡ªìπ™◊ËÕ‡°à“·°à¡’„π§—¡¿’√å‚∫√“≥ ‡™àπ ¡À“«ß»å æß»“«¥“√≈—ß°“, ™“¥°æÿ∑∏»“ π“„πÕ‘π‡¥’¬, ·≈–π‘∑“π‡ªÕ√凴’¬„πÕ‘À√à“π œ≈œ ‡π◊ËÕ߇æ√“–™“« ‘ßÀ≈(≈—ß°“) ™“«™¡æŸ∑«’ª(Õ‘π‡¥’¬)·≈–™“«Õ“À√—∫-‡ªÕ√凴’¬(Õ‘À√à“π) ∑’ˇªìππ—°‡¥‘π∑“ߺ®≠¿—¬·≈°‡ª≈’ˬπ§â“¢“¬ ‘ËߢÕ߇§√◊ËÕß„™â μà“ßæ“°—π‡√’¬°º◊π·ºàπ¥‘π„À≠à¢ÕßÕÿ…“§‡π¬å‚∫√“≥«à“ ÿ«√√≥¿Ÿ¡‘‰¡àπâÕ¬°«à“ 2,500 ªï¡“·≈â«

 à«π™“«Œ—Ëπ(®’π)¬ÿ§‚∫√“≥ ‡√’¬°¥‘π·¥ππ’È«à“®‘πÀ≈‘π À√◊Õ °‘¡À≈‘π ¡’§«“¡À¡“¬‡¥’¬«°—π°—∫™◊ËÕ ÿ«√√≥¿Ÿ¡‘«à“·ºàπ¥‘π∑Õß, ¥‘π·¥π∑Õß, ·À≈¡∑Õß

©–π—Èπ  ÿ«√√≥¿Ÿ¡‘®÷߉¡à„™à™◊ËÕ√—∞À√◊ÕÕ“≥“®—°√ ·μà‡ªìπ™◊ËÕ¥‘π·¥π·ºàπ¥‘π„À≠à¢ÕßÕÿ…“§‡π¬åÀ√◊Õ‡Õ‡™’¬μ–«—πÕÕ°‡©’¬ß„μâªí®®ÿ∫—π ∑’Ë‘¢π“∫¥â«¬ 2 ¡À“ ¡ÿ∑√ §◊Õ ¡À“ ¡ÿ∑√·ª´‘øî°Õ¬Ÿà∑“ߥâ“πμ–«—πÕÕ° °—∫¡À“ ¡ÿ∑√Õ‘π‡¥’¬Õ¬Ÿà∑“ߥâ“πμ–«—πμ°  àߺ≈„À⥑π·¥π ÿ«√√≥¿Ÿ¡‘‡ªìπ»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ß°“√·≈°‡ª≈’ˬπ§â“¢“¬À√◊Õç®ÿ¥π—¥æ∫é√–À«à“ß‚≈°μ–«—πμ°(À¡“¬∂÷ßÕ‘π‚¥-‡ªÕ√凴’¬ ·≈–Õ“À√—∫) °—∫‚≈°μ–«—πÕÕ°(À¡“¬∂÷ß®’πŒ—Ëπ·≈–Õ◊ËπÊ) ¡’§«“¡¡—Ëߧ—Ëß·≈–¡—Ëπ§ß ·≈â«¡’√—∞„À≠àÊ ‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ„π¬ÿ§μàÕÊ ¡“‡™àπ ∑«“√«¥’, øŸπ—π, ‡®π≈–, »√’«‘™—¬, ∑«“√«¥’»√’Õ¬ÿ∏¬“, ≈–‚«â-Õ‚¬∏¬“»√’√“¡‡∑æ, ®π∂÷ß°√ÿß»√’Õ¬ÿ∏¬“ œ≈œ ¥÷ߥŸ¥„À⺟â§π®“°∑’Ëμà“ßÊ ∑ÿ°∑‘»∑“߇§≈◊ËÕπ¬â“¬‡¢â“¡“μ—ÈßÀ≈—°·À≈àß ∑”„À⇰‘¥§«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬∑“ß™“μ‘æ—π∏ÿå∑’˺ ¡º “π∑“ß —ߧ¡«—≤π∏√√¡·≈–‡ºà“æ—π∏ÿå®π‡ªìπç§π‰∑¬é·≈–‡§√◊Õ≠“μ‘™“μ‘μà“ßÊ „πÕÿ…“§‡π¬åªí®®ÿ∫—π

 ÿ«√√≥¿Ÿ¡‘ §◊Õπ“¡Õ—π‡ªìπ¡ß§≈∑’˧π·μà°àÕπ¬°¬àÕß„™â‡√’¬°™◊ËÕ∫â“ππ“¡‡¡◊Õß ◊∫‡π◊ËÕßÀ≈“¬¬ÿ§À≈“¬ ¡—¬ ‰¥â·°à√—∞ ÿæ√√≥¿Ÿ¡‘ (√“«À≈—ß æ.». 1600) ®π‡ªìπ‡¡◊Õß ÿæ√√≥∫ÿ√’(√“«À≈—ß æ.». 1800)·≈–®—ßÀ«—¥ ÿæ√√≥∫ÿ√’ √«¡∑—Èß™◊ËÕ‡¡◊Õß ÿ«√√≥¿Ÿ¡‘(√“« æ.». 2315  ¡—¬°√ÿß∏π∫ÿ√’) ·≈⫇ª≈’ˬπ‡ªìπÕ”‡¿Õ ÿ«√√≥¿Ÿ¡‘ ®—ßÀ«—¥√âÕ¬‡ÕÁ¥ ‡¡◊ËÕ√“« 100 ªï¡“·≈â«

∑à“Õ“°“»¬“π ÿ«√√≥¿Ÿ¡‘ ‡ªìππ“¡æ√–√“™∑“π®“°æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—« ‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë 29°—𬓬π æ.». 2543

Meanings of the name, Suvarnabhumi

Suvarnabhumi literary means the golden land or the land of gold. It refers to South-east Asia in 2,500 years ago, which was rich in plants and minerals, endowed withbiodiversity, and was a home to different ethnic groups, who were socio-cultural kinship.

Suvarnabhumi is an old name, found in some ancient scripts, such as the chronicleof Lanka, the Jataka from India and Persian tales from Iran. Not less than 2,500 yearsago, these peoples travelled into this region, and gave it a name çSuvarnabhumié. TheChinese Han called it Jin Lin or Kim Lin, which also means the golden land.

Therefore, the name Suvarnabhumi was not a name for only one state or one kingdom,but a name for the region that comprises of mainland and archipelago in Southeast Asia.This region was located in between two oceans; Pacific on the East and India on theWest. Suvarnabhumi was then a centre of trade or ça meeting pointé between thewestern world (Indo-Persia-Arab) and the eastern world (the Chinese Han) and becamea prosperous and stable region. Big states were found later, such as Dvaravati-Sri Vichai,Dvaravati-Sri Ayodhaya, Lavo-Ayodhaya Sri Ramthep, and Ayutthaya kingdom, whichattracted a number of people from everywhere to settle here and create ethnic diversityuntil now. Suvarnabhumi was a sacred name for cities and states in many periods.

On 29 September 2000, His Majesty King Bhumipol graciously gave a name to thenew airport as, Suvarnabhumi Airport.

ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬μ—ÈßÕ¬Ÿà°÷Ëß°≈“ߢÕß¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§Õÿ…“§‡π¬åÀ√◊Õ‡Õ‡™’¬μ–«—πÕÕ°‡©’¬ß„μâ (Southeast Asia) ∑’Ë·∫àß°«â“ßÊ ‰¥â 2  à«π §◊Õº◊π·ºàπ¥‘π„À≠à·≈–À¡Ÿà‡°“–

∂â“æ‘®“√≥“¥â“π —ߧ¡·≈–«—≤π∏√√¡‡¡◊ËÕ√“« 3,000 ªï¡“·≈â« ¢Õ∫‡¢μ¢ÕßÕÿ…“§‡π¬å§√Õ∫§≈ÿ¡∫√‘‡«≥°«â“ߢ«“ß°«à“ªí®®ÿ∫—π ¥—ßπ’È

º◊π·ºàπ¥‘π„À≠à ∑“ß∑‘»‡Àπ◊Õ∂÷ß∫√‘‡«≥∑–‡≈ “∫‡μ’¬π©◊Õ∑’ˇ¡◊ÕߧÿπÀ¡‘ß „π¡≥±≈¬Ÿππ“π (®’π)∑“ß∑‘»μ–«—πÕÕ°∂÷ß¡≥±≈°«“ß ’-°«“ßμÿâß (®’π)  à«π∑“ß∑‘»μ–«—πμ°∂÷ß≈ÿà¡πÈ”æ√À¡∫ÿμ√ „𷧫âπÕ—  —¡(Õ‘π‡¥’¬)

À¡Ÿà‡°“– πÕ°®“°√«¡∂÷ßÀ¡Ÿà‡°“–Õ—π¥“¡—π (Andaman Islands) °—∫À¡Ÿà‡°“–𑂧∫“√å (NicobarIslands) „π∑–‡≈Õ—π¥“¡—π·≈â« ¬—ß¡’¢Õ∫‡¢μ§√Õ∫§≈ÿ¡À¡Ÿà‡°“–∑“ß∑–‡≈„μâ ‡™àπ À¡Ÿà‡°“–„πÕ‘π‚¥π’‡´’¬ μ‘¡Õ√å ·≈–∫√Ÿ‰π œ≈œ

ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ πÕ°®“°®–μ—ÈßÕ¬Ÿà°÷Ëß°≈“ߢÕß¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§·≈â« ≈—°…≥–¿Ÿ¡‘»“ μ√嬗߇°◊ÈÕ°Ÿ≈„À⇰‘¥º≈¥’‡π◊ËÕß®“°¡’æ◊Èπ∑’ˇªìπ·ºàπ¥‘𬓫¬◊Ëπ≈߉ª∑“ß∑‘»„μ⇪ìπ秓∫ ¡ÿ∑√é ¡’∑–‡≈¢π“∫ 2 ¥â“π §◊Õ ∑–‡≈®’π„π¡À“ ¡ÿ∑√·ª ‘́øî° Õ¬Ÿà∑“ßμ–«—πÕÕ° °—∫∑–‡≈Õ—π¥“¡—π„π¡À“ ¡ÿ∑√Õ‘π‡¥’¬ Õ¬Ÿà∑“ßμ–«—πμ° ∑”„Àâ√—∫ª√–‚¬™π宓°≈¡¡√ ÿ¡∑–‡≈Õ¬à“ßπâÕ¬ 2 Õ¬à“ß §◊Õ °“√° ‘°√√¡·≈–°“√§â“

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∫√‘‡«≥≈ÿà¡πÈ”‡À≈à“π’È πÕ°®“°‡ªìπ∑’Ë√«¡∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“μ‘®”π«π¡“°·≈â« ¬—߇ªìπÀ≈—°·À≈àߢÕߺŸâ§π™π‡ºà“™“μ‘æ—π∏ÿåÀ≈“°À≈“¬¥â«¬ ºŸâ§π‡À≈à“π’È®”π«πÀπ÷Ë߇§≈◊ËÕπ¬â“¬‰ªÊ ¡“Ê ·≈â«μ—Èß∂‘Ëπ∞“πÕ¬Ÿà„π∫√‘‡«≥ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬‡¡◊ËÕ√“« 3,000 ªï¡“·≈â« ‚¥¬ª√– ¡ª√– “π‡ºà“æ—π∏ÿå·≈–∑“ß —ߧ¡-«—≤π∏√√¡°—∫§πæ◊Èπ‡¡◊Õߥ—È߇¥‘¡·≈â«¡’¿“…“查√à«¡°—π ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥≈â«π‡ªìπ∫√√æ™π¢Õßç§π‰∑¬é ∑ÿ°«—ππ’È

ºŸâ§π™π‡ºà“™“μ‘æ—π∏ÿå‡À≈à“π’È μà“ßπ”∑√—欓°√‡¢â“¡“‡ªìπ ‘π§â“·≈°‡ª≈’ˬπ ◊́ÈÕ¢“¬∫√‘‡«≥≈ÿà¡πÈ”‡®â“æ√–¬“ÕÕ° ŸàÕà“«‰∑¬ ∑”„Àâ¡’æ—≤π“°“√‡°‘¥‡ªìπ∫â“π‡¡◊Õß·«à𷧫âπÀ√◊Õç√—∞é ·≈–Õ“≥“®—°√„À≠à‚μ¢÷ÈπμàÕ¡“

¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§Õÿ…“§‡π¬åÀ√◊Õ‡Õ‡™’¬μ–«—πÕÕ°‡©’¬ß„μâ ¡’§«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬∑“ß™’«¿“æ¥â«¬∑√—欓°√∏√√¡™“쑧◊Õæ◊™æ—π∏ÿå∏—≠≠“À“√·≈–·√à∏“μÿ œ≈œ Õÿ¥¡ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å¡“·μà¥÷°¥”∫√√æå ‡ªìπ∑’Ë√Ÿâ°—π¢Õß™“«™¡æŸ∑«’ª§◊ÕÕ‘π‡¥’¬‚∫√“≥ ®÷ß°≈à“«¢«—≠‰«â„π§—¡¿’√å·≈–™“¥°«à“∂Ⓡ¥‘π∑“ß¡“§â“¢“¬·≈°‡ª≈’ˬπ ‘ËߢÕß°—∫¿Ÿ¡‘¿“§π’È®–¡’§«“¡¡—Ëߧ—Ëß°≈—∫‰ª ‡ªìπ‡Àμÿ„Àâ‡√’¬°∫√‘‡«≥·∂∫π’È«à“ ÿ«√√≥¿Ÿ¡‘ À¡“¬∂÷ߥ‘π·¥πÕÿ¥¡ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å¥â«¬æ◊™æ—π∏ÿå∏—≠≠“À“√·≈–·√à∏“μÿ ‡™àπ ∑Õß·¥ß ∑Õߧ” œ≈œ

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Tribes and Ethnic Groups in Suvarnabhumi, ancestors of the Thais

Thailand islocated at the centre of Southeast Asia region, which comprises of mainlandand archipelago.

Around 3,000 years ago, considering the social and cultural factors, its boundarystretched farther than it is nowadays.

The mainland stretched as far as Kunming, Yunnan in the north, Guangxi-Guangdongin the east, and the Brahmaputra basin, Assam, India in the west.

The archipelago covered not only the Andaman and the Nicobar Islands, but alsothe islands of Indonesia, Timor and Brunei.

Thailand was not only located at the centre of the region, but its geographicalcharacteristics were also a benefit. Its land, stretching towards the south, is a peninsulawith the China Sea of the Pacific Ocean to the East, and the Andaman Sea of the IndianOcean to the West. The monsoon from the sea brought together agriculture and trade.

Agriculture : The rains from the monsoon promoted cultivation and fishery, creatingbiodiversity for the region.

Trade : The monsoons facilitated sea trade with far away lands. Thailand has been thedestination of sea trade communication since ancient times. It became a meeting pointof East-West trade routes, for instance China, Korea, and Japan in the East, and India,Arabia, Persia, and Europe in the West. Ayutthaya became and international trade centreof that time.

Thailand was surrounded by two important rivers of the region, the Mekong to theEast, and the Salawin to the West.

These basins were areas of rich natural resources and settlements of various ethnicgroups. These people travelled to and from, and settled in Thailand around 3,000 yearsago. They intermingled and integrated culturally with the local people and created thesame spoken language. They were the ancestors of the Thai people.

These ethnic groups brought in natural resources for trade in the Chao Phraya basin,by the Gulf of Thailand. This area developed into a state and bigger kingdom consequently.

The Southeast Asia region is a land of plant, animal and mineral diversity. It was wellknown among the Indian people for its fertility since ancient times. It was stated inancient writings that trade with this region would bring prosperity to the traders, and thisgave its name çSuvarnabhumié, which means the land of plant, food and mineral fertility.

King Asoka sent the monks Sona and Uttara to Southeast Asia to teach and spreadBuddhism for the first time at Mae Khlong in the Tha Chin basin (at U Thong, Suphanburi).The Dvaravati Buddhism was accepted and has been practiced in the region since then.

At the same time, Hinduism was also introduced in this region. Therefore, both Buddhismand Hinduism were practiced together by the people of Suvarnabhumi.

Due to its geographical background of large fertile plain as well as being the centreof land and sea communication routes, Southeast Asia became a land of human diversitywith various ethnic groups. However, under similar religious beliefs, the kindship systemdeveloped through marriage at every social level since the old times. King Pha Muangwas the son-in-law of the Khmer King, and King Magadu of Hamsavati was the son-in-lawof Phra Ruang of Sukhothai kingdom.

The kinship system in Southeast Asia was the major source of strength and peaceamong the people. This can only be true if accurate information is accepted andunderstood, and there is adequate evidence in a number of studies within this regionand around the world.

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çSuvarnabhumié, the origins of Thai history

Around 10,000 years ago, the Chaophraya basin in the central part of Thailandcovered mostly the sea (including Bangkok) because the Gulf of Thailand reached as faras Chaophraya basin on the East and the West.

The West : The Gulf of Thailand covered some area of Mueang district, Nakhonchaisidistrict, and some other districts of Nakhonpathom, and some districts of Ratchaburi andPhetchaburi, as well as U Thong district in Suphanburi. At that time, there was no ThachinRiver, while Mae Khlong River ran into the sea at Mueang district, Nakhonpathom.

The East : The Gulf of Thailand covered some area of Lopburi, Nakhonnayok, Prachinburi,as well as Phanatnikhom district, Chonburi and Phanomsarakham district, Chachoengsao.Therefore, Muang district of Chonburi and Mueang district of Chachoengsao nowadayswere still under the sea in that time.

The North : The Gulf of Thailand covered some area of Chainat and Nakhonsawan.

5,000 years ago, the first group of ancestors of Suvarnabhumi.4,000 years ago, the first village community.3,000 years ago, Suvarnabhumni was firstly known.After 500 B.E., U-Thong (Suphanburi) was found.After 1,000 B.E., the ancient Nakhonpathom was found.After 1,100 B.E., çDvaravadi-Sri Vichaié, the beginning of several states around SoutheastAsia.After 1,500 B.E., the significance of ancient Nakhonpathom was reduced, new statesarose.

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