p2 presentation
TRANSCRIPT
Life in a ‘Fast-LiNE’ EXPLORING THE NEW ROLES OF CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICTS TO CONCEIVE A SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE GLOBAL NODES IN MUMBAI
Hema Priya Kabali
student number : 4121880
complex cities studio
chair of spatial planning & strategy
department of urbanism, TU Delft
p 2 p r e s e n t a t i o n
2 3 . 0 1 . 2 0 1 2
m e n t o r t e a m - S t e p h e n R e a d ; W i l l e m H e r m a n s ; S t e v e n S t e e n b u r g e n
Vi s i o n & A g e n d a
R e s e a r c h & A n a l y s i s o f M u m b a i i n c o n t e x t
C i t y t r a n s f o r m a t i o n s
G r a d u a t i o n s t r u c t u r e
I t s a b o u t a p r o c e s s o f c h a n g e !
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2
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G r a d u a t i o n s t r u c t u r e
1
Working Framework - Processes
aim & objectives-
problem statement-
main research question-
methodology & relevance
abstract-
Local CBD
National CBD
Global CBD
Morphogenesis of CBDs
Source: author, 2012
1. Mumbai’s large metropolis
2. Set against colonial past interventions
3. Exponentially expanding into the mainland region
4. Growth along infrastructure corridors
5. Changing aspects of ‘Central Business Districts’ (CBDs)
Mumbai in global-national-regional-metropolitan context
Source: author, 2012; urban age, 2007; cesus of india, 2001,2011
abstract-
1. The project objective is to understand the impact of urban transformations in relation to the changing roles
of the ‘Central Business Districts’, to research and analyze urban development through colonial, post-
colonial and global phases of the city.
2. The main aim to conceive a spatial strategy for the global nodes in Mumbai, in relation to work, live and
commute patterns. As such to reorganize the regional structure of Mumbai, having strategic planning and
design components.
work
live
commute
live aim & objectives-
problem statement-
main research question-
methodology & relevance
Work-live diagram of the city
Source: author, 2012
Mumbai in Regional Context
Districts in the State of Maharashtra
Source: author, 2012
Mumbai-Pune-Nashik in region
Source: unknown
Mumbai-Pune-Nashik ‘Golden triangle’, NH 4
Source: author, 2012
• Mumbai-Pune industrial corridor
• A part of national highway system
• Focus on regional development.
• Pune, is heavily linked to Mumbai with its shared
industrial and service interactions.
Mumbai-Pune highway, NH 4
Source: Soham Banerjee, 2007
Mumbai Metropolis
Compared to the
Ranstad region
Source: author,
2012;
adapted from
Susan Raju, 2009 Geographical context
Source: author, 2012
City Structure
abstract-
aim & objectives-
problem statement-
main research question-
methodology & relevance
With an increasing presence of global activities and fairly rapid pace of urban restructuring, the city of Mumbai
is subjected to increasing congestion and constant influences of the market forces.
However, the city’s infrastructure although over-stressed is the major lifeline and carries tremendous scope for
decongestion and development of the regional structure.
The networks which link the CBDs s are yet to adapt to the expanding functional changes, given the context of
population growth, rapid urban development and assigned new roles of the CBDs.
Mumbai Borivalli Suburb
Source: Ankit Bhargav, 2010
Mumbai Victoria Terminus (VT)
Source: unknown
abstract-
aim & objectives-
problem statement-
main research question-
methodology & relevance
Tracing the problems
Source: author, 2012
s t r u c t u r e & f r a m e w o r k o f t h e s i s
abstract-
aim & objectives-
problem statement-
main research question-
methodology & relevance
How can the changing roles of the Central Business Districts help conceive a spatial strategy for the global
nodes in Mumbai, towards developing an integrated urban system (s) for the city
?
Project keywords: CBD; Change; Global; urban restructuring; Congestion; Development; Infrastructure; Relations
Mumbai Downtown
Source: Jasvipul, 2006
abstract-
aim & objectives-
problem statement-
main research question-
methodology & relevance
• Cataloguing datasets for academic value
• Identifying the changing aspects and implications
• Potentials of new centralities
• Increased connectivity and growth opportunities
• Positive effects on urban development
Urban activities
Methodology & Phasing
Source: author, 2012
C i t y t r a n s f o r m a t i o n s
2
Birds eye view of Victoria Terminus (VT) with the European suburbs
Source: Bombay, the cities within, 1890s
1500-
Indig
enous f
ishin
g v
illa
ges
1534-
Port
uguese c
olo
ny
1661-
Pre
sente
d t
o t
he E
nglis
h
1720-
Bom
bay fort
and e
spla
nade
1850-
land r
ecla
matio
ns c
om
ple
ted
1851-
firs
t cott
on m
ill
1853-
firs
t ra
ilway lin
k
1870-
Bom
bay p
ort
tru
st
1900-
Bom
bay m
unic
ipal corp
ora
tio
n
1920-
Boom
ing in
dustr
ializ
atio
n
1920s-1
940s-
gro
wth
alo
ng r
ailw
ays
1950-
1st m
unic
ipal expansio
n
1957-
2nd m
unic
ipal expansio
n
1965-
3rd
munic
ipal expansio
n
1972-
Navi M
um
bai develo
pm
ent
1977-
Bandra
-Kurla
Com
ple
x (
BK
C)
CB
D
1982-
Te
xtile
mill
str
ike
1990-
expansio
n o
f suburb
s
Then governor of Bombay speaking Bombay islands in 1710 First railway link, 1853 Hornby road, 1930 Bombay cotton mills, 1900s
1700s B
om
bay c
olo
nia
l fo
rt
1850s r
ailw
ays
1920s -
in
du
str
ializati
on
1990-
exp
an
sio
n o
f su
bu
rbs
1970s-
mig
rati
on
1920s-
incre
ase in
nati
ves
Hornby road in European suburb
Source: unknown, 1920
Bandra-Worli Sea link Bridge
Source: unknown
Colonial phase European CBD
Native CBD
Post-Colonial phase National CBD – service oriented economy
Local CBD – migration and growing domestic
companies
Global phase Global CBD – increasing corporate activity
National CBD – increasing national functions
Local CBD – increasing small scale businesses
Mumbai timeline
Source: author, 2012
Urban development: Colonial phase 1850-1950
• Fort was spatially organized around port which functioned as
central nodes in trade network, as a gateway city
• Strategic location linked to railways
• Fort was next to commercial waterfront, a well-defined
European business district
• Arrangement of traditional bazaars in native town
• Native town separated from European town by green
esplanade
Mumbai’s Growth between 1850-1950
Source: author, 2012
Original Bombay Town
Source: Grant&Nijman, 2002
(Grant and Nijman, 2002)
Colonial city
Flourishing port city
European CBD
Native town
Urban development: Post-Colonial phase 1950-2000s
• After the independence of 1947
• Nationalization of former European CBD
• Implementation of economic reforms
• Massive increase of population; Rural-Urban migration
• Formation of Navi Mumbai and Bandra Kurla Complex
• Congestion of inner city districts
• Textile mill strikes & Decline of cotton textile industries
• Shift from manufacturing to service based functions
• Increasing corporate density
(Grant and Nijman, 2002) National CBD
Native CBD
Dense industrial city
Poly-centric city
Financial and
cultural city
Mumbai’s Growth between 1950-2000s
Source: author, 2012
Corporate activities
Source: Grant&Nijman, 2002
Urban development: Global phase 2000-2010+
• Certain specific forms of development
• Increasing service based sectors
• Influx of foreign services
• Emergence of free market
• Growth of ICT services
• Shift in focus of development from city to suburbs
• Dense flows of capital, goods, services and people
(Grant and Nijman, 2002)
Alpha city (GaWC, 2008)
Competitive city
Gateway city
Global CBD
National CBD
Local CBD
Mumbai’s Growth between 2000-2010+
Source: author, 2012
Changing roles of CBDs
Source: Grant&Nijman, 2002
Colonial city
Flourishing port city
European CBD
Native town
Dense industrial city
Poly-centric city
Financial and cultural city
National CBD
Native CBD
Alpha city
Competitive city
Gateway city
Global CBD
National CBD
Local CBD
Global CBD>=2
National CBD>2
Extended–Secondary CBDs>5
Main Local CBD
1850-1950 1950-2000s 2000-2010+
R e s e a r c h & A n a l y s i s o f M u m b a i i n C o n t e x t
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Challenges faced by Mumbai
Source: Google, 2012
Potentials of Mumbai
Source: Google, 2012
Demographic profile
• Mumbai has 24 administrative wards
• Natural increase & migration
• High density urban blocks
Population Density, 2001
Source: author, 2012; census of india, 2001
Urban activities
Healthcare & Hospitals
Education & Institutions
Hotels & Hospitality centers
Retail & Shopping malls
Cinema & Cultural facilities
Spread of functions
Public infrastructure
Spatial trend
Development towards Mumbai suburbs
Shift to the mainland region
Urban activities
Source: author, 2012
Population growth
Source: author, 2012
Economic profile
Economic profile
Mumbai houses HQ’s of RBI,
BSE, NSE etc. & India’s biggest
Bollywood industry with high
Income tax payers!
Land prices
Source: Kapil Gupta, 2010
Timeline of Economy
Source: author, 2012; KRVIA, 2005
Employment distribution and growth Distribution and growth of employees and
offices across Greater Mumbai
Source: author, 2012
Spread of establishments in
Greater Mumbai
Source: author, 2012;
mmrda, 2005
Sectors establishments in
1990&1998
Source: author, 2012; mmrda, 2005
Infrastructure & commute patterns Work-Live Activity bubbles
Source: author, 2012
Infrastructure
Source: author, 2012
Spatial distribution and ownership of work-sectors Ownership patterns of companies in Mumbai
Source: author, 2012; CMIE, 2011
Types of sectors
Source: Urban age, 2007 Land ownership
Source: Urban age, 2007
Organization & allocation of service industries
Organization & division of service industries
Source: author, 2012
Total number of companies
documented– 415
Global companies– 29%
Domestic companies- 71%
National headquarters –
Fort and BKC CBD
Global headquarters-
Nariman point CBD
Regional headquarters-
alternative CBDs
Illustration of current corporate activity
Source: author, 2012
Nariman point – approx. 23
global and 20 national firms
BKC – 23 national firms
Data acquired based on:
Nasscom; BSE; CMIE; Naukri
CBDs in Mumbai Figure 6: Geographical context
Source: author Structure of CBDs in Mumbai
Source: author, 2012
Vi s i o n & a g e n d a
4
Relations between Growth and Infrastructure
Mumbai’s longest flyover which leads to Eastern Expressway
Source: Jehangir Sorabjee, 2007
an integrated urban system for the global nodes in Mumbai
A:strategic proposal for regional structure
A:1 - strengthening public transportation by high-speed connectivity
A:2 - urban loop/hyper-mobility driven between higher order nodes
A:3 - public/private partnership opportunities
B:strategic planning proposal for Bandra-Kurla Complex (BKC) axis
B:1 - infrastructure as vehicle for new forms of development
B:2 - literature references of successful similar projects
B:3 - strategic planning of urban fields between the city & hinterlands
C: strategic design intervention (s) around BKC node
Probable Vision
1
2
3
4
5
New Regional Structure
2
1
Reference: Copenhagen-Malmo Copenhagen-Malmo, The Loop
Source: BIG architects, 2010
Pune
Ahmedabad
Pune
Ahmedabad
Pune
Ahmedabad
A:strategic proposal for regional structure
A:1 - strengthening public transportation by high-speed connectivity
A:2 - urban loop/hyper-mobility driven between higher order nodes
A:3 - public/private partnership opportunities
Pune
Ahmedabad
Pune
Ahmedabad
B:strategic planning proposal for Bandra-Kurla Complex (BKC) axis
B:1 - infrastructure as vehicle for new forms of development
B:2 - literature references from successful similar projects
B:3 - strategic planning of urban fields between the city & hinterlands
Pune
Ahmedabad
C: strategic design intervention (s) around BKC node
1
2 3 4
5
Probable Vision: Higher order nodes Urban form
Source: Google Maps, 2012
2
Probable Location for strategic intervention in relation to
hi-speed corridor: Bandra-Kurla Complex (BKC)
Source: Google Maps, 2012
Source: Google Maps, 2012
Bandra-Kurla
Complex CBD (BKC)
Mithi river
Mahim (West)
Bandra Terminus
Dadar
Dharavi (Informal
settlement)
Hi-speed
infrastructures
Source: Skyscrapercity.com, 2005
Inference Framework- Processed
Birds eye view of Mumbai Peninsula
Source: Skyscrapercity.com, 2010
20kms
Thank you!