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Lifein a‘Fast -LiNE EXPLORING THE NEW ROLES OF CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICTS TO CONCEIVE A SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE GLOBAL NODES IN MUMBAI Hema Priya Kabali student number : 4121880 complex cities studio chair of spatial planning & strategy department of urbanism, TU Delft p2 presentation 23.01.2012 mentor team- Stephen Read; Willem Hermans; Steven Steenburgen

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Page 1: P2 Presentation

Life in a ‘Fast-LiNE’ EXPLORING THE NEW ROLES OF CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICTS TO CONCEIVE A SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE GLOBAL NODES IN MUMBAI

Hema Priya Kabali

student number : 4121880

complex cities studio

chair of spatial planning & strategy

department of urbanism, TU Delft

p 2 p r e s e n t a t i o n

2 3 . 0 1 . 2 0 1 2

m e n t o r t e a m - S t e p h e n R e a d ; W i l l e m H e r m a n s ; S t e v e n S t e e n b u r g e n

Page 2: P2 Presentation

Vi s i o n & A g e n d a

R e s e a r c h & A n a l y s i s o f M u m b a i i n c o n t e x t

C i t y t r a n s f o r m a t i o n s

G r a d u a t i o n s t r u c t u r e

I t s a b o u t a p r o c e s s o f c h a n g e !

1

2

3

4

Page 3: P2 Presentation

G r a d u a t i o n s t r u c t u r e

1

Page 4: P2 Presentation

Working Framework - Processes

Page 5: P2 Presentation

aim & objectives-

problem statement-

main research question-

methodology & relevance

abstract-

Local CBD

National CBD

Global CBD

Morphogenesis of CBDs

Source: author, 2012

1. Mumbai’s large metropolis

2. Set against colonial past interventions

3. Exponentially expanding into the mainland region

4. Growth along infrastructure corridors

5. Changing aspects of ‘Central Business Districts’ (CBDs)

Page 6: P2 Presentation

Mumbai in global-national-regional-metropolitan context

Source: author, 2012; urban age, 2007; cesus of india, 2001,2011

Page 7: P2 Presentation

abstract-

1. The project objective is to understand the impact of urban transformations in relation to the changing roles

of the ‘Central Business Districts’, to research and analyze urban development through colonial, post-

colonial and global phases of the city.

2. The main aim to conceive a spatial strategy for the global nodes in Mumbai, in relation to work, live and

commute patterns. As such to reorganize the regional structure of Mumbai, having strategic planning and

design components.

work

live

commute

live aim & objectives-

problem statement-

main research question-

methodology & relevance

Work-live diagram of the city

Source: author, 2012

Page 8: P2 Presentation

Mumbai in Regional Context

Districts in the State of Maharashtra

Source: author, 2012

Mumbai-Pune-Nashik in region

Source: unknown

Page 9: P2 Presentation

Mumbai-Pune-Nashik ‘Golden triangle’, NH 4

Source: author, 2012

• Mumbai-Pune industrial corridor

• A part of national highway system

• Focus on regional development.

• Pune, is heavily linked to Mumbai with its shared

industrial and service interactions.

Mumbai-Pune highway, NH 4

Source: Soham Banerjee, 2007

Page 10: P2 Presentation

Mumbai Metropolis

Compared to the

Ranstad region

Source: author,

2012;

adapted from

Susan Raju, 2009 Geographical context

Source: author, 2012

City Structure

Page 11: P2 Presentation

abstract-

aim & objectives-

problem statement-

main research question-

methodology & relevance

With an increasing presence of global activities and fairly rapid pace of urban restructuring, the city of Mumbai

is subjected to increasing congestion and constant influences of the market forces.

However, the city’s infrastructure although over-stressed is the major lifeline and carries tremendous scope for

decongestion and development of the regional structure.

The networks which link the CBDs s are yet to adapt to the expanding functional changes, given the context of

population growth, rapid urban development and assigned new roles of the CBDs.

Mumbai Borivalli Suburb

Source: Ankit Bhargav, 2010

Mumbai Victoria Terminus (VT)

Source: unknown

Page 12: P2 Presentation

abstract-

aim & objectives-

problem statement-

main research question-

methodology & relevance

Tracing the problems

Source: author, 2012

Page 13: P2 Presentation

s t r u c t u r e & f r a m e w o r k o f t h e s i s

abstract-

aim & objectives-

problem statement-

main research question-

methodology & relevance

How can the changing roles of the Central Business Districts help conceive a spatial strategy for the global

nodes in Mumbai, towards developing an integrated urban system (s) for the city

?

Project keywords: CBD; Change; Global; urban restructuring; Congestion; Development; Infrastructure; Relations

Mumbai Downtown

Source: Jasvipul, 2006

Page 14: P2 Presentation

abstract-

aim & objectives-

problem statement-

main research question-

methodology & relevance

• Cataloguing datasets for academic value

• Identifying the changing aspects and implications

• Potentials of new centralities

• Increased connectivity and growth opportunities

• Positive effects on urban development

Urban activities

Methodology & Phasing

Source: author, 2012

Page 15: P2 Presentation

C i t y t r a n s f o r m a t i o n s

2

Page 16: P2 Presentation

Birds eye view of Victoria Terminus (VT) with the European suburbs

Source: Bombay, the cities within, 1890s

Page 17: P2 Presentation

1500-

Indig

enous f

ishin

g v

illa

ges

1534-

Port

uguese c

olo

ny

1661-

Pre

sente

d t

o t

he E

nglis

h

1720-

Bom

bay fort

and e

spla

nade

1850-

land r

ecla

matio

ns c

om

ple

ted

1851-

firs

t cott

on m

ill

1853-

firs

t ra

ilway lin

k

1870-

Bom

bay p

ort

tru

st

1900-

Bom

bay m

unic

ipal corp

ora

tio

n

1920-

Boom

ing in

dustr

ializ

atio

n

1920s-1

940s-

gro

wth

alo

ng r

ailw

ays

1950-

1st m

unic

ipal expansio

n

1957-

2nd m

unic

ipal expansio

n

1965-

3rd

munic

ipal expansio

n

1972-

Navi M

um

bai develo

pm

ent

1977-

Bandra

-Kurla

Com

ple

x (

BK

C)

CB

D

1982-

Te

xtile

mill

str

ike

1990-

expansio

n o

f suburb

s

Then governor of Bombay speaking Bombay islands in 1710 First railway link, 1853 Hornby road, 1930 Bombay cotton mills, 1900s

1700s B

om

bay c

olo

nia

l fo

rt

1850s r

ailw

ays

1920s -

in

du

str

ializati

on

1990-

exp

an

sio

n o

f su

bu

rbs

1970s-

mig

rati

on

1920s-

incre

ase in

nati

ves

Page 18: P2 Presentation

Hornby road in European suburb

Source: unknown, 1920

Bandra-Worli Sea link Bridge

Source: unknown

Colonial phase European CBD

Native CBD

Post-Colonial phase National CBD – service oriented economy

Local CBD – migration and growing domestic

companies

Global phase Global CBD – increasing corporate activity

National CBD – increasing national functions

Local CBD – increasing small scale businesses

Mumbai timeline

Source: author, 2012

Page 19: P2 Presentation

Urban development: Colonial phase 1850-1950

• Fort was spatially organized around port which functioned as

central nodes in trade network, as a gateway city

• Strategic location linked to railways

• Fort was next to commercial waterfront, a well-defined

European business district

• Arrangement of traditional bazaars in native town

• Native town separated from European town by green

esplanade

Mumbai’s Growth between 1850-1950

Source: author, 2012

Original Bombay Town

Source: Grant&Nijman, 2002

(Grant and Nijman, 2002)

Colonial city

Flourishing port city

European CBD

Native town

Page 20: P2 Presentation

Urban development: Post-Colonial phase 1950-2000s

• After the independence of 1947

• Nationalization of former European CBD

• Implementation of economic reforms

• Massive increase of population; Rural-Urban migration

• Formation of Navi Mumbai and Bandra Kurla Complex

• Congestion of inner city districts

• Textile mill strikes & Decline of cotton textile industries

• Shift from manufacturing to service based functions

• Increasing corporate density

(Grant and Nijman, 2002) National CBD

Native CBD

Dense industrial city

Poly-centric city

Financial and

cultural city

Mumbai’s Growth between 1950-2000s

Source: author, 2012

Corporate activities

Source: Grant&Nijman, 2002

Page 21: P2 Presentation

Urban development: Global phase 2000-2010+

• Certain specific forms of development

• Increasing service based sectors

• Influx of foreign services

• Emergence of free market

• Growth of ICT services

• Shift in focus of development from city to suburbs

• Dense flows of capital, goods, services and people

(Grant and Nijman, 2002)

Alpha city (GaWC, 2008)

Competitive city

Gateway city

Global CBD

National CBD

Local CBD

Mumbai’s Growth between 2000-2010+

Source: author, 2012

Changing roles of CBDs

Source: Grant&Nijman, 2002

Page 22: P2 Presentation

Colonial city

Flourishing port city

European CBD

Native town

Dense industrial city

Poly-centric city

Financial and cultural city

National CBD

Native CBD

Alpha city

Competitive city

Gateway city

Global CBD

National CBD

Local CBD

Global CBD>=2

National CBD>2

Extended–Secondary CBDs>5

Main Local CBD

1850-1950 1950-2000s 2000-2010+

Page 23: P2 Presentation

R e s e a r c h & A n a l y s i s o f M u m b a i i n C o n t e x t

3

Page 24: P2 Presentation

Challenges faced by Mumbai

Source: Google, 2012

Potentials of Mumbai

Source: Google, 2012

Page 25: P2 Presentation

Demographic profile

• Mumbai has 24 administrative wards

• Natural increase & migration

• High density urban blocks

Population Density, 2001

Source: author, 2012; census of india, 2001

Page 26: P2 Presentation

Urban activities

Healthcare & Hospitals

Education & Institutions

Hotels & Hospitality centers

Retail & Shopping malls

Cinema & Cultural facilities

Spread of functions

Public infrastructure

Spatial trend

Development towards Mumbai suburbs

Shift to the mainland region

Urban activities

Source: author, 2012

Population growth

Source: author, 2012

Page 27: P2 Presentation

Economic profile

Page 28: P2 Presentation

Economic profile

Mumbai houses HQ’s of RBI,

BSE, NSE etc. & India’s biggest

Bollywood industry with high

Income tax payers!

Land prices

Source: Kapil Gupta, 2010

Timeline of Economy

Source: author, 2012; KRVIA, 2005

Page 29: P2 Presentation

Employment distribution and growth Distribution and growth of employees and

offices across Greater Mumbai

Source: author, 2012

Spread of establishments in

Greater Mumbai

Source: author, 2012;

mmrda, 2005

Sectors establishments in

1990&1998

Source: author, 2012; mmrda, 2005

Page 30: P2 Presentation

Infrastructure & commute patterns Work-Live Activity bubbles

Source: author, 2012

Infrastructure

Source: author, 2012

Page 31: P2 Presentation

Spatial distribution and ownership of work-sectors Ownership patterns of companies in Mumbai

Source: author, 2012; CMIE, 2011

Types of sectors

Source: Urban age, 2007 Land ownership

Source: Urban age, 2007

Page 32: P2 Presentation

Organization & allocation of service industries

Organization & division of service industries

Source: author, 2012

Total number of companies

documented– 415

Global companies– 29%

Domestic companies- 71%

National headquarters –

Fort and BKC CBD

Global headquarters-

Nariman point CBD

Regional headquarters-

alternative CBDs

Illustration of current corporate activity

Source: author, 2012

Nariman point – approx. 23

global and 20 national firms

BKC – 23 national firms

Data acquired based on:

Nasscom; BSE; CMIE; Naukri

Page 33: P2 Presentation

CBDs in Mumbai Figure 6: Geographical context

Source: author Structure of CBDs in Mumbai

Source: author, 2012

Page 34: P2 Presentation

Vi s i o n & a g e n d a

4

Page 35: P2 Presentation

Relations between Growth and Infrastructure

Mumbai’s longest flyover which leads to Eastern Expressway

Source: Jehangir Sorabjee, 2007

Page 36: P2 Presentation

an integrated urban system for the global nodes in Mumbai

A:strategic proposal for regional structure

A:1 - strengthening public transportation by high-speed connectivity

A:2 - urban loop/hyper-mobility driven between higher order nodes

A:3 - public/private partnership opportunities

B:strategic planning proposal for Bandra-Kurla Complex (BKC) axis

B:1 - infrastructure as vehicle for new forms of development

B:2 - literature references of successful similar projects

B:3 - strategic planning of urban fields between the city & hinterlands

C: strategic design intervention (s) around BKC node

Probable Vision

Page 37: P2 Presentation

1

2

3

4

5

New Regional Structure

2

1

Page 38: P2 Presentation

Reference: Copenhagen-Malmo Copenhagen-Malmo, The Loop

Source: BIG architects, 2010

Page 39: P2 Presentation

Pune

Ahmedabad

Page 40: P2 Presentation

Pune

Ahmedabad

Page 41: P2 Presentation

Pune

Ahmedabad

A:strategic proposal for regional structure

A:1 - strengthening public transportation by high-speed connectivity

A:2 - urban loop/hyper-mobility driven between higher order nodes

A:3 - public/private partnership opportunities

Page 42: P2 Presentation

Pune

Ahmedabad

Page 43: P2 Presentation

Pune

Ahmedabad

B:strategic planning proposal for Bandra-Kurla Complex (BKC) axis

B:1 - infrastructure as vehicle for new forms of development

B:2 - literature references from successful similar projects

B:3 - strategic planning of urban fields between the city & hinterlands

Page 44: P2 Presentation

Pune

Ahmedabad

C: strategic design intervention (s) around BKC node

Page 45: P2 Presentation

1

2 3 4

5

Probable Vision: Higher order nodes Urban form

Source: Google Maps, 2012

Page 46: P2 Presentation

2

Probable Location for strategic intervention in relation to

hi-speed corridor: Bandra-Kurla Complex (BKC)

Source: Google Maps, 2012

Page 47: P2 Presentation

Source: Google Maps, 2012

Page 48: P2 Presentation

Bandra-Kurla

Complex CBD (BKC)

Mithi river

Mahim (West)

Bandra Terminus

Dadar

Dharavi (Informal

settlement)

Hi-speed

infrastructures

Source: Skyscrapercity.com, 2005

Page 49: P2 Presentation

Inference Framework- Processed

Page 50: P2 Presentation

Birds eye view of Mumbai Peninsula

Source: Skyscrapercity.com, 2010

20kms

Thank you!