p r e s e n t s what every residential integrator needs to ......a 55 foot length of 16-gauge...
TRANSCRIPT
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What Every Residential Integrator
Needs To Know About 70-Volt Systems
P R E S E N T S
NEAR is a Division of Bogen Communications, Inc.
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• Typically 70V systems have poor sound • Usually found only in commercial
settings • How did 70V get that reputation? - It earned it - Most 70V installations use cheap speakers & transformers
70V – A Bad Reputation
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Why You Need To Know About 70V
• 70V systems can sound better than you think • Easier to install multi-speaker 70V systems than low-impedance systems • Can overcome coverage problems with sound “sculpting”
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• Amplifier outputs constant voltage (70V) - Similar to power grid - Minimizes power loss
How 70V Works
NEAR 6XL - 600W Power Amplifier
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How 70V Works
Transformer on the speaker steps down voltage just like the transformer outside your house steps down high voltage AC grid power
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How 70V Works
• Transformers can be built-in or… • Added to any low-impedance speaker • Power taps select maximum
power going into the speaker
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70V Benefits • Less power loss over long wire runs
A55footlengthof16-gaugespeakerwirewilllose21%ofavailablepowertoa4-Ohmloadspeaker.Thesamespeakerina70Vsystemcanbeona2687footwirebeforelosingthesame%ofpower.InpracHcalterms,thereisvirtuallyzerospeakerwirepowerlossin70Vsystems.
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First 70V Benefit • You can hook up more speakers to an amplifier channel
• Why do you need more speakers? - More even sound coverage
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Two Medium Directivity (120° dispersion) Speakers Cannot Uniformly Cover a Large Outdoor Area
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Four Medium Directivity Speakers in a Large Outdoor Area – Better Coverage
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Six Medium Directivity Speakers in a Large Outdoor Area – Even Better Coverage
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• Most installers wire multiple speakers in parallel • System Impedance (X) = 1/(1/R1+1/R2 +1/R3, etc.)
Two 8-Ohm speaker example: X = 1/(1/8 + 1/8) or X = 1/(.125 +.125) or 1/.25 = 4 Ohms
• Fine for two 8-Ohm speakers, but what if you need more speakers to achieve uniform sound coverage? • And then there is…
Typical Wiring
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• It is not constant • It’s usually lower than you think • Can increase the odds of amplifier failure due to low impedance of speakers wired in parallel
The Dirty Secret About Impedance
Nominal8-Ohmspeakersarenot8-Ohmsatmanyfrequencies
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• Use more amplifiers - expensive • Series/parallel wiring (illustrated at right) can get the impedance right but is inconvenient to wire speakers to each other
Alternative Solutions
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• Can run many more speakers off an amp channel – safely & reliably
70V – A Better Solution
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70V – A Better Solution
DiningPool
DesiredSPL:+9dB
DesiredSPL:0dB
BBQPit
DesiredSPL:+6dB
Sound Sculpting
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+--
50 Watt Amp
16W = +9dB 8W = +6dB 4W = +3dB 2 W = 0dB 2 W = 0dB
Doubling power = +3dB
Total power = 32W.
Do not draw more power than 90% of total available power.
Sound Sculpting
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70V Configuration
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• Negligible power loss over long wire runs • Can run more speakers off an amp for more uniform sound coverage • No low impedance and amp failure worries • Sound sculpting puts the right amount of volume in each area • But miracles come at a cost…
70V Benefits Summed Up
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70V Downsides
• Cheap transformers sound bad – Easily saturated = distortion – Severe roll-off of lows
and highs
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• Even good transformers roll off bass
70V Downsides
30Hz
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Data Measured: Jun 30, 2015 Tue 3:45 pm Data Measured: Jun 30, 2015 Tue 3:42 pm
Person: Company:
Project: File: IG8.lib
Jun 30, 2015Tue 3:49 pm
4.6.0.371May/29/2007
Notes
Map
92: 8 ohms (low impedance)94: 70V (high impedance) 8W Tap
9K Hz 10K 20K
dBSPL
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
SPL vs Freq
• Even good transformers roll off highs
70V Downsides
10kHz
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• But these 2-3dB losses at frequency extremes are not musically significant compared with the benefits
70V Downsides
Data Measured: Jun 30, 2015 Tue 3:45 pm Data Measured: Jun 30, 2015 Tue 3:42 pm
Person: Company:
Project: File: IG8.lib
Jun 30, 2015Tue 3:49 pm
4.6.0.371May/29/2007
Notes
Map
92: 8 ohms (low impedance)94: 70V (high impedance) 8W Tap
9K Hz 10K 20K
dBSPL
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
SPL vs Freq
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• Running subwoofers at 8-Ohms and mid/high speakers in 70V mitigates potential bass loss of 70V transformers. • To do this run 70V on one channel and low impedance on the other • Use a direct drive (no output transformers) power amplifier
Hybrid Systems
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Hybrid Systems
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• 70V Pros - Allows longer speaker wire runs - Allows use of smaller gauge speaker wire - Allows many speakers to be run off of each amplifier channel without endangering system reliability - Allows “sound sculpting” – different volume for each speaker
• 70V Cons - Higher distortion (with low quality transformers or when high quality transformers are over-driven) - Low frequency roll off - High frequency roll off (with low quality transformers) - Variability (low quality transformers)
Summing Up