P. P. Mahale

The origin server is HTTP

It is identified by URL(data formats, size, resolution)

WAP handset encoded of WML.

Encoded & decoded data fwd to origin

Specifies CGI appln

HTTP data filter to HTML in WAP gateway

WAP provide end to end security

It utilizes WAP browser that optimize web browser

It allows to brows standard data format

WAP is XML lang designed suitable for mobile

WML doc divide into set of cards.

Each representing one unit interaction bet user

Optionally enters req information & make choices

Several cards are grouped into deck.

It enhance standard browsing & presentation facility

GSM N/W

encoded req request

encoded WML WML content

WML contect HTML content

Fig : A WAP n/w configuration

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S

WAP

gatew

ay

Origin

e

server

Filter

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1

3

It uses proxy technology to provide eficnt access internet

Proxy plays roles of both server & client

WAP gateway translate req from WAP to internet stack

Encoder & decoder performs WML text & bytecode convn

It uses DNS service to resolve domain name.

It having appropriate charging information

It uses distillation to reduce wireless traffic

Distillation is lossy, real time, datatype specific

compression

Refinement is used to fetch extra information

Dynamic adaptation mechanism(powerful infra)

wireless transport layer security

UDP wireless datagram p.

WAP protocol stack

Wireless application environment

Wireless session protocol

Wireless transaction protocol

IP-based wireless

bearer(GPRS)Non-IP(SMS)

It defines WAP transport layer

Function independently of wireless n/w

Different functions provided by bearer.

WDP operate those bearer of primitive services

UDP provides a port addressing.

IP provides a segmentation & reassembly

It defines WAP security layer

It uses narrowband communication channel

It support unchanged & uncorrupted data.

Integrity delivery encryption & provide authentn

It defines WAP transaction layer

It reduces amount of info needed to each transaction

WTP is “lighter” than TCP

Which saves processing & memory cost.

It support three types:

1. Unreliable one way req

2. Reliable one way req

3. Reliable two way req

It uses unique transaction identifiers, ack, duplicate

removal & retransmission.

It optimize low bandwidth bearer n/w

It support content exchange for client/server appln

Session is idle, WSP suspend a session to release n/w

Session may resume different bearer n/w

No heavy overhead required to start new session.

Connection oriented service that operate WTP

Connectionless service that operate above WDP & WTP

It suitable for browsing appln

WAP gateway makes betn WSP client & standard HTTP

server

It defines WAP appln layer

It defines a set of content formats, including images, phone book record & calender info

It also defines a micro browser for WML

It is designed for small i/p

It support user agent profile

It can generate a contents based on handset capability

Push allows appln to alert user when time sensitive info is changes

If same info will be requested by many user, the n/w can save n/w resource

W-CDMA & cdma-2000 are two major proposal for third

generation.

Both are CDMA based, many distinguishing feature can be

identical

W-CDMA uses TDM & cdma-2000 uses CDM

Both have been simultaneously adapted for 3G standard.

Two events enhanced harmonization IPR & operators

harmonization group(OHG)

OHG goals are:

To provide foundation for accelerated growth in 3G

millennium

3GPP shows to create a single integrated 3G CDMA.

OHG’s efforts:

Activities of 3G development focused on physical & MAC

layers

DS(direct sequencing) FDD mode1

Multicarrier (MC) FDD mode2

TDD mode

Traditional paging is a one-way, personal wireless

alerting/massaging system.

Alert tone: receiver is tone pager with a dedicated

telephone number.

Voice msg: it transmitted after the beep, receiver is a

voice pager

Digit string: receiver id a numeric pager.

Text string: receiver is an alphanumeric pager.

Paging process itself can be manual or automatic

Pager Architecture

Receiver: it is turned on same RF freq as BS to receive paging signal

Decoder: it decodes the binary information, identifies the code for the pager & rejects msg of other pagers.

Control logic:

Duplicate msg (repeated msg are not stores)

Msg locking (selected msg are not overwritten)

Msg freeze (keep current msg on screen for reading)

Alerting msg (audible tone, visual flashing)

Display: it powered by single battery,

stored msg are retained in nonvolatile m/m

Receiver DecoderControl

logicDisplay

Telocator Alphanumeric Input Protocol(TAP):

To send a msg from input device dials the paging terminal

no.

“<” and “>” are ascii control codes:

Msg1 (caller -> paging terminal).

Msg1=“<CR>”

(Replies two sec until paging replies, if paging no replied after three repetitions,

req fails)

Msg2 (PT-> C).

Msg2 “ID=<CR><LF>”

(req to provide pager ID, LF- line of feed)

Msg3 (C-> PT) i/p device sends a string

Msg3=“<ESC><SST><PPPPPP>”

ESC indicates that the paging information , SST represents type of service & input

devices. Six digit shows the password of i/p device, as caller ID & system entry

Msg4 (PT ->C) one of the following three action occur

Req is acc the ack sent

Msg4=“<CR><ACK><CR>”

Format incorrect then negative ack

Msg=4=“<CR><NAK><CR>”

Paging terminal not available

Msg4=“<CR><ESC><EOT><CR>”

Msg5 (P->caller) = if +ve ack, prepare for msg i/p will send a

go ahead

Msg5= “<CR>[p<CR>]”

Msg6(C->PT) =

Msg6= “<STX> Pager_ID <CR> Text <CR> Cksum <ETB> ”

Msg7(PT->C) = one of the following action taken

1. transmission is correct

Msg7 = “ < Message_sequence >< CR >< ACK >< CR >”

2. transmission or checksum error occur

Msg7 =“ < Message_Sequence >< CR >< NAK >< CR >”

Msg8 (C->PT). i/p device sends the last block

Msg6= “ <STX> Pager_ID <CR> Text <CR> Cksum <EXT> ”\

Msg9(PT->C). Three rules occur here, first two are same as

Msg7 and last one occur when transmission violates system

rules.

Msg9 = “< Message_sequence >< CR >< RS >< CR >”

Msg10(C->PT). If previous is ACK then

Msg10= “< EOT > < CR >”

Msg11 (PT->C). Paging terminal breaks the connection

Msg11=“ < Message_sequence >< CR >< ESC >< EOT >< CR >”

Locator Message Entry Protocol (TME)

TME is the data i/p protocol of TDP

It provisions for long msg instead of short msg

TME extends one way paging & two way communication

Also provides

Priority Paging (req emergency page to be sent immediate)

Differed Paging (send a page at particular time)

Periodic paging (send page repeatedly until cancel msg rec)

Msg forwarding (cancel periodic paging)

Login operation:

Send operation:

Logout operation:

two way communication

Loop is defined as the ckt connecting to subscribers

telephone

It divides several smaller bundles

Point of traffic concentration in PSTN

Radio system can be rapidly developed

Issue of security is also considered

Wireless Access Network Unit:Radio ports(RP)-

Radio ports control unit(RPCU):

Operation and maintanence(OAM):

IWF(interworking function):

Wireless access Subscriber Unit:

-- conversion & transcoding

-- authentication function

-- OAM & signaling function

Switching Function:

-- Advanced intelligent network

-- MSC

-- speed & flexibility in deployment

-- freq availability transmission consider