p ov ;fphmg q5|pvq z!)4 tfp!&q#qz · - 4 - office addresses of the officials with whom my...

760
- 1 - V5L, VZHLG\ P ov ;FPhMG q5|PVq Z!)4 TFP!&q#qZ_!# VZHNFZ o zL ;] Z[XPV[DP58[ , ;FDFJF/F o HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ 5;M"G[ , VlWSFZLzL OZLIFNGL CSLST ov lJQFI ov VZHNFZzL ;]Z[XPV[ DP58[ , wJFZF VFZP8LPVF. V[ S8 V\ TU" TGL TFPZ#q!qZ_!#GL VZHLYL DF\ UJFDF\ VFJ[ ,4 D] N' F G\Ps!f YL ;]PDPGP 5Fl,SFGL CNJF/F lJ:TFZDF\ VFJTL TDFD JM0" VMlO;DF\ OZH AHFJTF VFZMuI lJEFUDF\ s;OF.4 0[ = G[ H SFDNFZf T[ DH ,MS;[ JFDF\ OZH AHFJTF S0LIF 5F8L4 C[ <5ZM V[S H JM0DF\ * JQF" YL JW] OZH AHFJJFGL CMTL GYL * JQF" 5KL VF AgG[ lJEFUGF SD" RFZLGL AN,L SZJFGL CMI K[ P T[ D] HA TDFD JM0 VMlO;DF\ VFZMuI T[ DH ,MS ;[ JF lJEFUGF SD" RFZL V[ S H JM0DF\ S[8,F JQF" YL OZH AHFJ[ K[P T[ TDFDGL GFD T[ DH S[ 8,F JQF" YL OZH AHFJ[ K[ T[ GL ;\5}6" DFlCTLP D] N'F G\PsZf YL D] N'F G\P! DF\ H6FJJF D] HA * JQF" YL JW] ;DIYL H[ SD" RFZL V[ S H JM0DF\ OZH AHFJ[ K[ T[ GL AN,L SIF SFZ6;Z G SZJFDF\ VFJL VG[ T[ VlWSFZL p5Z B.P.M.C V[ S8GL S,D D] HA X]\ SFI" JFCL SZL XSFI T[ GL ;\5}6" DFlCTL AFATP ;\NE" ovs!f VZHNFZGL TFPZ#q!qZ_!# GF ZMHGL D}/ VZHLP H[ V+[ TAlN, Y. TFP#!q!qZ_!# GF ZMH D/[ ,P sZf VZHNFZGL TFP!#q#qZ_!# GF ZMHGL 5| YD V5L, VZHLP H[ V+[ TAlN, Y. TFP!&q#qZ_!# GF ZMH D/[,P s#f V5L, VZHL ;\ NE[ " HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZLG[ 5} T" TF SZJF DF8[ V[ 5[ ,[8 VlWSFZL wJFZF DMS,JFDF\ VFJ[ , TFPZq$qZ_!# GF ZMHGM 5+P s$f HFC[ Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ 5;M" G[ , VlWSFZLzL wJFZF VZHNFZG[ 5F9JJFDF\ VFJ[ , TFPZ&q#qZ_!# GF ZMHGM 5+P VZHNFZzL ;]Z[XPV[ DP58[ , wJFZF VFZP8LPVF. V[S8 V\ TU"TGL TFPZ#q!qZ_!#GL VZHLYL DF\ UJFDF\ VFJ[ ,4 D] N'F G\ Ps!f YL ;] PDPGP 5Fl,SFGL CNJF/F lJ:TFZDF\ VFJTL TDFD JM0" VMlO;DF\ OZH AHFJTF VFZMuI lJEFUDF\ s;OF.4 0[= G[ H SFDNFZf T[ DH ,MS ;[ JFDF\ OZH AHFJTF S0LIF 5F8L4 C[ <5ZM V[S H JM0DF\ * JQF" YL JW] OZH AHFJJFGL CMTL GYL * JQF" 5KL VF AgG[ lJEFUGF SD" RFZLGL AN,L SZJFGL CMI K[ P T[ D] HA TDFD JM0 VMlO;DF\ VFZMuI T[ DH ,MS ;[JF lJEFUGF SD" RFZL V[ S H JM0DF\ S[ 8,F JQF" YL OZH AHFJ[ K[ P T[ TDFDGL GFD T[ DH S[ 8,F JQF"YL OZH AHFJ[ K[ T[ GL ;\5} 6" DFlCTLP D] N' F G\ PsZf YL D] N'F G\ P! DF\ H6FJJF D] HA * JQF" YL JW] ;DIYL H[ SD" RFZL V[ S H JM0DF\ OZH AHFJ[ K[ T[ GL AN,L SIF SFZ6;Z G SZJFDF\ VFJL VG[ T[ VlWSFZL p5Z B.P.M.C V[ S8GL S,D D] HA X]\ SFI" JFCL SZL XSFI T[ GL ;\ 5}6" DFlCTL AFAT[ D/[ , lG6" IYL GFZFH Y. TFP!#q#qZ_!# GF ZMH 5| YD V5L, VZHL SZJFDF\ VFJ[ ,P H[ V+[ TAlN, Y.G[ TFP!&q#qZ_!#GF ZMH D/[ ,P VZHNFZzLGL V5L, VZHLGF\ VG];\ WFG[ D} / VZHLGL GS,4 VF5[ , DFlCTLGL GM\ W4 lJEFU ;lCT GS,4 VF5JF HMU 5} ZS DFlCTLGL lJUTM4 lJ,\ AqlJ;\UTTFq.gSFZ CMI TM T[ GL :5Q8TF;C 5CM\ RTL SZJF TYF V5L,GF D} NF V\ U[ 56 T[ DGM 51F ZH] SZJF 5+ G\ P!4 TFPZq$qZ_!# YL HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ 5;M"G[ , VlWSFZL4 ;FpYhMG spWGFfG[ 5+ 5F9JJFDF\ VFJ[ ,P VZHNFZGL D} / VZHLGF ;\ NE"[ DF\ HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ 5;M" G[ , VlWSFZL4 ;FpYhMG spWGFf wJFZF 5+ G\P;FPhMGqV[ :8FqZZ*#4 TFPZ&q#qZ_!# GF ZMHYL DFlCTL 5} ZL 5F0JFDF\ VFJ[ , CMI T[ J] H6FI K[P

Upload: doankhuong

Post on 03-Oct-2018

217 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

  • - 1 -

    V5L, VZHLG\P ov ;FPhMG q5|PVq Z!)4 TFP!&q#qZ_!#

    VZHNFZ o zL ;]Z[XPV[DP58[, ;FDFJF/F o HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ 5;M"G[, VlWSFZLzL

    OZLIFNGL CSLST ov

    lJQFI ov VZHNFZzL ;]Z[XPV[DP58[, wJFZF VFZP8LPVF. V[S8 V\TU"TGL TFPZ#q!qZ_!#GL VZHLYL DF\UJFDF\ VFJ[,4 D]N'F G\Ps!f YL ;]PDPGP 5Fl,SFGL CNJF/F lJ:TFZDF\ VFJTL TDFD JM0" VMlO;DF\ OZH AHFJTF VFZMuI lJEFUDF\ s;OF.4 0[=G[H SFDNFZf T[DH ,MS;[JFDF\ OZH AHFJTF S0LIF 5F8L4 C[

  • - 2 -

    V5L, VZHLGF ;\NE"DF\ V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL VG[ SFI"5F,S .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFfGF 5+

    G\P;FPhMGq8[Sq!*4 TFPZq$qZ_!# YL VZHNFZG[ TFP)q$qZ_!# GF ZMH V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL VG[ SFI"5F,S

    .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFf ;D1F ~A~DF\ ;]GFJ6L DF8[ AM,FJ[,FP H[ AFAT[ VZHNFZzL ;]Z[XPV[DP58[, TYF

    HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ 5;M"G[, VlWSFZL CFHZ ZC[, CTFP T[VMG[ ~A~DF\ ;F\E/JFDF\ VFjIF CTFP T[VMG[

    wIFG 5}J"S ;F\E/TF VZHNFZ wJFZF H6FJ[, S[4 5]ZL 50FI[, DFlCTL VW]ZL H6FI K[P TYF DFlCTL 1F[+LI EFQFFDF\

    5]ZL 5F0JF ZH]VFT SZL CTLP

    vo C]SD ov

    VZHNFZGL D}/ VZHL4 V5L, VZHL T[DH p5,aW CSLST wIFG[ ,[TF GLR[ D]HAGM C]SD SZL V5L,GM

    lGSF, SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

    VZHNFZGL TFPZ#q!qZ_!# GL VZHLYL DF\U[, DFlCTLGL lJUT HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ 5;M"G[,

    VlWSFZL TZOYL 5}ZL 50FI[, K[P KTF VZHNFZG[ 5]ZL 50FI[, DFlCTLYL ;\TMQF G CMI VFZP8LPVF.PV[S8GL

    S,Dv*s&f C[9/ lJGF D}

  • - 3 -

    V5L, VZHLG\P ov ;FPhMG q5|PVqZ!Z4 TFP!&q#qZ_!#

    VZHNFZ o zL VHI V[PH\FUL0 ;FDFJF/F o HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[ZzL

    OZLIFNGL CSLST ov

    lJQFI ov VZHNFZzL VHI V[PH\FUL0 wJFZF VFZP8LPVF. V[S8 V\TU"TGL TFP*qZqZ_!# GL VZHL H[ V+[GL SR[ZLV[ TALN, Y. TFP!#qZqZ_!# GF ZMH D/[,YL DF\UJFDF\ VFJ[,4 D]N'F G\Ps!f YL Daily Progress Made on my applications dated 06/09/2012 reference 1 and

    05/09/2012 reference 2 (reminder 26/09/2012) (Photocopy

    enclosed) till date of your reply. D]N'F G\PsZf YL Names, designations and Office addresses of the officials with whom

    my application was lying during this period and date wise

    Period with each official and details of action taken by

    him/her. D]N'F G\Ps#f YL Please give evidence of receipt and dispatch of my application in the office of each of these

    official. D]N'F G\Ps$f YL Please inform me according to your rules or citizens charter or, any other order, number of days in

    which such a matter should have been dealt with and

    resolved.please also provide a copy of these rules. D]N'F G\Ps5f YL

    if the officials/employees have not adhered to the time

    limit mentioned in rules and are guilty of violating these

    rules, please give a copy of their conduct rules and

    details of action taken by the controlling authority against

    erring. officials employes. D]N'F G\Ps&f YL In case no action

    has been initiated for dereliction of duties against erring

    officials, the reasons be made known to me , with name

    and contact details of controlling authority of these

    officials/ employees. D]N'F G\Ps*f YL please let me know when i am likely to receive reply to my said application. D]N'F G\Ps(f YL please provide me certified photocopy of file notings held on

    my said application. D]N'F G\Ps)f YL please inform me number of complaints which were, received against your office in last

    one year or last financial year regarding reference 1. D]N'F G\Ps!_f YL please give me the copies of against prees.for these types of matter regarding reference 1. D]N'F G\Ps!!f YL final inquiry report for same reference 1. D]N'F G\Ps!Zf YL please inform me name , postal and email address, phone numbers

    and website details of chief secretory of ministry to which

    your organisation reports AFATP

    ;\NE" ovs!f VZHNFZGL TFP*qZqZ_!# GF ZMHGL D}/ VZHLP H[ V+[ TAlN, Y. TFP!#qZqZ_!# GF ZMH D/[,P sZf VZHNFZGL TFP!&q#qZ_!#GF ZMHGL 5|YD V5L, VZHLP s#f V5L, VZHL ;\NE[" HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZLG[ 5}T"TF SZJF DF8[ V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL wJFZF DMS,JFDF\ VFJ[, TFPZ!q#qZ_!#GF ZMHGM 5+P

    VZHNFZzL VHI V[PH\FUL0 wJFZF VFZP8LPVF. V[S8 V\TU"TGL TFP*qZqZ_!# GL VZHL H[ V+[GL

    SR[ZLV[ TALN, Y. TFP!#qZq!# GF ZMH D/[,YL DF\UJFDF\ VFJ[,4 D]N'F G\Ps!f YL Daily Progress Made on

    my applications dated 06/09/2012 reference 1 and 05/09/2012 reference 2 (reminder

    26/09/2012) (Photocopy enclosed) till date of your reply. D]N'F G\PsZf YL Names, designations and

  • - 4 -

    Office addresses of the officials with whom my application was lying during this period and

    date wise Period with each official and details of action taken by him/her. D]N'F G\Ps#f YL Please

    give evidence of receipt and dispatch of my application in the office of each of these official. D]N'F

    G\Ps$f YL Please inform me according to your rules or citizens charter or, any other order, number

    of days in which such a matter should have been dealt with and resolved.please also provide a

    copy of these rules. D]N'F G\Ps5f YL if the officials/employees have not adhered to the time limit

    mentioned in rules and are guilty of violating these rules, please give a copy of their

    conduct rules and details of action taken by the controlling authority against erring.

    officials employes. D]N'F G\Ps&f YL In case no action has been initiated for dereliction of

    duties against erring officials, the reasons be made known to me , with name and contact

    details of controlling authority of these officials/ employees. D]N'F G\Ps*f YL please let me know

    when i am likely to receive reply to my said application. D]N'F G\Ps(f YL please provide me certified

    photocopy of file notings held on my said application. D]N'F G\Ps)f YL please inform me number of

    complaints which were, received against your office in last one year or last financial year

    regarding reference 1. D]N'F G\Ps!_f YL please give me the copies of against prees.for these types of

    matter regarding reference 1. D]N'F G\Ps!!f YL final inquiry report for same reference 1. D]N'F G\Ps!Zf YL

    please inform me name , postal and email address, phone numbers and website details of chief

    secretory of ministry to which your organisation reports AFAT[ D/[, lG6"IYL GFZFH Y.

    TFP!&q#qZ_!# GF ZMH 5|YD V5L, VZHL SZJFDF\ VFJ[,P

    VZHNFZzLGL V5L, VZHLGF\ VG];\WFG[ D}/ VZHLGL GS,4 VF5[, DFlCTLGL GM\W4 lJEFU ;lCT

    GS,4 VF5JF HMU 5}ZS DFlCTLGL lJUTM4 lJ,\AqlJ;\UTTFq.gSFZ CMI TM T[GL :5Q8TF;C 5CM\RTL SZJF TYF

    V5L,GF D}NF V\U[ 56 T[DGM 51F ZH] SZJF 5+ G\P#*(4 TFPZ!q#qZ_!# YL HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[[ GFIA

    .HG[ZzL4 ;FpYhMG spWGFfG[[ 5+ 5F9JJFDF\ VFJ[,P H[GF VG];\WFG[ HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL TZOYL SM. lJUT

    V+[ 5}ZL 50FI[, CMI T[J] H6FT] GYL4 TYF VFZP8LPVF. V[S8GL S,D (4) S[ !! C[9/ .gSFZ S[ V5JFNG\] SFZ6

    H6FJ[, GYLP

    V5L, VZHLGF ;\NE"DF\ V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL VG[ SFI"5F,S .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFfGF 5+

    G\P;FPhMGq8[Sq!_!)4 TFPZ_q#qZ_!# YL VZHNFZG[ TFPZ(q#qZ_!#GF ZMH V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL VG[ SFI"5F,S

    .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFf ;D1F ~A~DF\ ;]GFJ6L DF8[ AM,FJ[,FP H[ AFAT[ VZHNFZzL VHI V[PH\FUL0 CFHZ

    ZC[, G CTFP 5Z\T] T[DGF JTL VFJ[, 5|lTlGlWzL TGI H[PS\;FZLJF,F wJFZF ;]GFJ6L DF8[GL ALHL TFZLB

    DF\UJFDF\ VFJ[,P

    H[YL V5L, VZHLGF ;\NE"DF\ V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL VG[ SFI"5F,S .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFfGF 5+

    G\P;FPhMGq8[Sq!&4 TFPZq$qZ_!# YL VZHNFZG[ TFP)q$qZ_!# GF ZMH V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL VG[ SFI"5F,S

    .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFf ;D1F ~A~DF\ ;]GFJ6L DF8[ AM,FJ[,FP H[ AFAT[ VZHNFZzL VHI V[PH\FUL0 TYF

    HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[Z CFHZ ZC[, CTFP T[VMG[ ~A~DF\ ;F\E/JFDF\ VFjIF CTFP T[VMG[ wIFG

    5}J"S ;F\E/TF VZHNFZ wJFZF H6FJJFDF\ VFJ[, S[ DG[ DFlCTL D/[, GYLP TM DFlCTL 5]ZL 5F0JF H6FJ[,P

  • - 5 -

    vo C]SD ov

    VZHNFZGL D}/ VZHL4 V5L, VZHL T[DH p5,aW CSLST wIFG[ ,[TF GLR[ D]HAGM C]SD SZL V5L,GM

    lGSF, SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

    VZHNFZGL TFP*qZqZ_!#GL VZHLYL DF\U[, DFlCTLGL lJUT HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[Z

    wJFZF 5]ZL 50FI[, G CMI4 VFZP8LPVF.PV[S8GL S,Dv*s&f C[9/ lJGF D}

  • - 6 -

    V5L, VZHLG\P ov ;FPhMG q5|PVqZZ_4 TFP!&q#qZ_!#

    VZHNFZ o zL S

  • - 7 -

    VZHNFZzLGL V5L, VZHLGF\ VG];\WFG[ D}/ VZHLGL GS,4 VF5[, DFlCTLGL GM\W4 lJEFU ;lCT

    GS,4 VF5JF HMU 5}ZS DFlCTLGL lJUTM4 lJ,\AqlJ;\UTTFq.gSFZ CMI TM T[GL :5Q8TF;C 5CM\RTL SZJF TYF

    V5L,GF D}NF V\U[ 56 T[DGM 51F ZH] SZJF 5+ G\PZ4 TFPZq$qZ_!# YL HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[[ VFSFZ6L

    VG[ J;],FT VlWSFZL4 ;FpYhMG spWGFfG[[ 5+ 5F9JJFDF\ VFJ[,P

    VZHNFZGL D}/ VZHLGF ;\NE"[DF\ HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ VFSFZ6L VG[ J;],FT VlWSFZL4

    ;FpYhMG spWGFf wJFZF 5+ G\P;FPhMGqVS6sVFZP8LPVF.fq(_Z4 TFP!_q!qZ_!#4 TYF 5+

    G\P;FPhMGqVS6sVFZP8LPVF.fq()54 TFPZ!qZqZ_!# TYF 5+ G\P;FPhMGqVS6sVFZP8LPVF.fq)_(4

    TFPZ*qZqZ_!# GF ZMHYL DFlCTL 5}ZL 5F0JFDF\ VFJ[, CMI T[J] H6FI K[P

    V5L, VZHLGF ;\NE"DF\ V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL VG[ SFI"5F,S .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFfGF 5+

    G\P;FPhMGq8[Sq!(4 TFPZq$qZ_!# YL VZHNFZG[ TFP)q$qZ_!# GF ZMH V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL VG[ SFI"5F,S

    .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFf ;D1F ~A~DF\ ;]GFJ6L DF8[ AM,FJ[,FP H[ AFAT[ VZHNFZzL S

  • - 8 -

    VZHNFZ o zL DC[gN=l;\C V[PA|CDE8' ;FDFJF/F o HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZLVM VG[ GFIA .HG[ZM

    OZLIFNGL CSLST ov

    lJQFI ov VZHNFZzL DC[gN=l;\C V[PA|CDE8' wJFZF VFZP8LPVF. V[S8 V\TU"TGL TFPZZqZqZ_!# GL VZHL H[ V+[GL SR[ZLV[ TAlN, Y. D/[,YL DF\UJFDF\ VFJ[,4 D]N'F G\P s!fYL VDM wJFZF AF\WSFDMGL RSF;6L VG[ SFIN[;ZTF RSF;JF DF8[ JLHL,g; lJEFUDF\ TFP!&q_!q!#4 _5q_Zq!# VG[ !(q_ZqZ_!# YL ZH]VFTM SZ[, T[ ;\NE[" YI[, SFI"JFCL VG[ hMGG[ H6FJ[, CMI TM T[ GS, ;lCTGL DFlCTL VF5JLP D]N'F G\P sZf YL hMG VF ;\NE"DF\ wJFZF YI[, SFI"JFCL TYF JLHL,g; lJEFUDF\ ZH] SZ[,q ZL5M8" S[ VC[JF, ;lCTGL GS, ;lCTGL ;\5]6" DFlCTL 5}ZL 5F0JL s5|DF6LTf D]N'F G\P s#f YL hMG wJFZF SM. SFI"JFCL G YI[, CMI TM SFI"JFCL SZ[ VC[JF, ZH] SZJFGL H[GL HJFANFZL CMI T[ HJFANFZ VlWSFZLVMGF GFD CMN'M VG[ SD"RFZL G\AZ ;lCT 9ZFJ G\P &)&qZ__& D]HA K[

  • - 9 -

    VZHNFZGL D}/ VZHL4 V5L, VZHL T[DH p5,aW CSLST wIFG[ ,[TF GLR[ D]HAGM C]SD SZL V5L,GM

    lGSF, SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

    VZHNFZGL TFPZZqZqZ_!# GL VZHLYL DF\U[, DFlCTLGL lJUT HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZLVM VG[ GFIA

    .HG[ZM wJFZF 5}ZL 50FI[, G CMI4 VFZP8LPVF.PV[S8GL S,Dv*s&f C[9/ lJGF D}

  • - 10 -

    ;FDFJF/F o HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[Z

    OZLIFNGL CSLST ov

    lJQFI ov VZHNFZzL GZ[XEF. V[GP AYJFZ wJFZF VFZP8LPVF. V[S8 V\TU"TGL TFP!$q!ZqZ_!Z GL VZHL H[ V+[ TAlN, Y. D/[,YL DF\UJFDF\ VFJ[,4 8MZ[g8 5FJZ ,LDL8[0 J[5FZL ;\:YF CMI H[G[ S.M.C. V[ ;A:8[XGM VG[ S[A, 5LPALPAM1F DF8[ HDLG ;A:8[XGM DF8[ ZFCT NZ[ EF0] VG[ S[A, 5LPALPAM1FDF\ EF0] J;],JF G V\U[GL DFlCTLP D]N'F G\P s!f YL 8MZ[g8 5FJZ ,LDL8[0GF\ S.M.CGF ;FT hMG (S.M.C GF CN lJ:TFZf DF\ S[8,L ;\bIFDF\ ,[d5 5M

  • - 11 -

    J[5FZL ;\:YFG[ ZFCT VG[ S[A, 5LPALPAMS;G]\\ EF0] G J;],JF V\U[GL DFlCTLGL GS, AFAT[ D/[, lG6"IYL

    GFZFH Y. TFPZ(qZqZ_!#GF ZMH 5|YD V5L, VZHL SZJFDF\ VFJ[,P H[ V+[ TAlN, Y. TFPZ5q#qZ_!# GF

    ZMH D/[,P

    VZHNFZzLGL V5L, VZHLGF\ VG];\WFG[ D}/ VZHLGL GS,4 VF5[, DFlCTLGL GM\W4 lJEFU ;lCT

    GS,4 VF5JF HMU 5}ZS DFlCTLGL lJUTM4 lJ,\AqlJ;\UTTFq.gSFZ CMI TM T[GL :5Q8TF;C 5CM\RTL SZJF TYF

    V5L,GF D}NF V\U[ 56 T[DGM 51F ZH] SZJF 5+ G\P!#4 TFP$q$qZ_!# YL HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA

    .HG[ZzL4 ;FpYhMG spWGFfG[[ 5+ 5F9JJFDF\ VFJ[,P H[GF VG];\WFG[ HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL TZOYL SM. lJUT

    V+[ 5}ZL 50FI[, CMI T[J] H6FT] GYL4 TYF VFZP8LPVF. V[S8GL S,D (4) S[ !! C[9/ .gSFZ S[ V5JFNG\] SFZ6

    H6FJ[, GYLP

    V5L, VZHLGF ;\NE"DF\ V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL VG[ SFI"5F,S .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFfGF 5+

    G\P;FPhMGq8[Sq#!4 TFP#q$qZ_!# YL VZHNFZG[ TFP)q$qZ_!# GF ZMH V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL VG[ SFI"5F,S

    .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFf ;D1F ~A~DF\ ;]GFJ6L DF8[ AM,FJ[,FP H[ AFAT[ VZHNFZzL GZ[XEF. V[GP AYJFZ

    CFHZ ZC[, G CTFP 5Z\T] HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[Z CFHZ ZC[, CTFP

    vo C]SD ov

    VZHNFZGL D}/ VZHL4 V5L, VZHL T[DH p5,aW CSLST wIFG[ ,[TF GLR[ D]HAGM C]SD SZL V5L,GM

    lGSF, SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

    VZHNFZGL TFP!$q!ZqZ_!# GL VZHLYL DF\U[, DFlCTLGL lJUT HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA

    .HG[Z TZOYL 5}ZL 50FI[, G CMI4 VFZP8LPVF.PV[S8GL S,Dv*s&f C[9/ lJGF D}

  • - 12 -

    HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ VFSFZ6L VG[ J;],FT VlWSFZLzL

    OZLIFNGL CSLST ov

    lJQFI ov VZHNFZzL V~6 AFA]ZFJ SMQ8L wJFZF VFZP8LPVF. V[S8 V\TU"TGL TFPZZqZqZ_!# GL VZHLYL DF\UJFDF\ VFJ[,4 ;LwWL ;H"G Z[;L0[g;L4 lJGFIS GUZGF ;J[" G\AZ Z$$q! SIF %,M8 G\AZ 5Z VFJ[, K[P SMGF GFD p5Z RF,L VFJ[, K[P VG[ ;]]ZT DCFGUZ5Fl,SFGF NOTZ[ VFSFZ6L lJEFUGF SIF SIF N:TFJ[HL 5]ZFJF VMGF VFWFZ[ DFl,SL GFD NFB, YI[, K[P VG[ ;NZ DL,ST V\U[ %,FG 5F;GL GS,4 G/ SG[SXGGF 5{;F EZ[, T[GL Z;LN TYF VgI TDFD lD,STG[ ,UTF N:TFJ[HL 5]ZFJFVMGL GS,M ;lCTGL DFlCTL VF5JF GD| lJG\TL AFATP

    ;\NE" ovs!f VZHNFZGL TFPZZqZqZ_!# GF ZMHGL D}/ VZHLP sZf VZHNFZGL TFPZZq#qZ_!#GF ZMHGL 5|YD V5L, VZHLP

    s#f V5L, VZHL ;\NE[" HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZLG[ 5}T"TF SZJF DF8[ V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL wJFZF DMS,JFDF\ VFJ[, TFP$q$qZ_!# GF ZMHGM 5+P

    s$f HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[Z wJFZF VZHNFZG[ 5F9JJFDF\ VFJ[, TFP!(q#qZ_!# GF ZMHGM 5+P

    ;LwWL ;H"G Z[;L0[g;L4 lJGFIS GUZGF ;J[" G\AZ Z$$q! SIF %,M8 G\AZ 5Z VFJ[, K[P SMGF GFD p5Z

    RF,L VFJ[, K[P VG[ ;]]ZT DCFGUZ5Fl,SFGF NOTZ[ VFSFZ6L lJEFUGF SIF SIF N:TFJ[HL 5]ZFJF VMGF VFWFZ[

    DFl,SL GFD NFB, YI[, K[P VG[ ;NZ DL,ST V\U[ %,FG 5F;GL GS,4 G/ SG[SXGGF 5{;F EZ[, T[GL Z;LN TYF

    VgI TDFD lD,STG[ ,UTF N:TFJ[HL 5]ZFJFVMGL GS,M ;lCTGL DFlCTL VF5JF GD| lJG\TL AFAT[ D/[, lG6"IYL

    GFZFH Y. TFPZZq#qZ_!# GF ZMH 5|YD V5L, VZHL SZJFDF\ VFJ[,P

    VZHNFZzLGL V5L, VZHLGF\ VG];\WFG[ D}/ VZHLGL GS,4 VF5[, DFlCTLGL GM\W4 lJEFU ;lCT

    GS,4 VF5JF HMU 5}ZS DFlCTLGL lJUTM4 lJ,\AqlJ;\UTTFq.gSFZ CMI TM T[GL :5Q8TF;C 5CM\RTL SZJF TYF

    V5L,GF D}NF V\U[ 56 T[DGM 51F ZH] SZJF 5+ G\P!$4 TFP$q$qZ_!# YL HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[[ GFIA

    .HG[Z TYF HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ VFSFZ6L VG[ J;],FT VlWSFZL4 ;FpYhMG spWGFfG[[ 5+ 5F9JJFDF\

    VFJ[,P

    VZHNFZGL D}/ VZHLGF ;\NE"[DF\ HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFf wJFZF

    5+ G\P;FPhMGq8[Sq!_!_4 TFP!(q#qZ_!# GF ZMHYL DFlCTL 5}ZL 5F0JFDF\ VFJ[, CMI T[J] H6FI K[P

    V5L, VZHLGF ;\NE"DF\ V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL VG[ SFI"5F,S .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFfGF 5+

    G\P;FPhMGq8[SqZ*4 TFP#q$qZ_!# YL VZHNFZG[ TFP)q$qZ_!# GF ZMH V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL VG[ SFI"5F,S

    .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFf ;D1F ~A~DF\ ;]GFJ6L DF8[ AM,FJ[,FP H[ AFAT[ VZHNFZzL V~6 AFA]ZFJ SMQ8L TYF

    HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[Z TYF HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ VFSFZ6L VG[ J;],FT VlWSFZL

    CFHZ ZC[, CTFP T[VMG[ ~A~DF\ ;F\E/JFDF\ VFjIF CTFP T[VMG[ wIFG 5}J"S ;F\E/TF VZHNFZ wJFZF H6FJJFDF\

    VFJ[, S[ lD,ST BM8L ZLT[ AF\WL K[P T[YL DFlCTL VF5JL lCTDF\ H6FI K[P T[JL ZH]VFT VZHNFZ wJFZF SZJFDF \

    VFJ[,P

    vo C]SD ov

    VZHNFZGL D}/ VZHL4 V5L, VZHL T[DH p5,aW CSLST wIFG[ ,[TF GLR[ D]HAGM C]SD SZL V5L,GM

    lGSF, SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

    VZHNFZGL TFPZZqZqZ_!# GL VZHLYL DF\U[, DFlCTLGL ,FUT lJUT HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[

    GFIA .HG[Z wJFZF 5]ZL 50FI[, K[P H[YL JW] SX] \ SZJFG]\ ZC[T] GYLP 5Z\T] DF\U[, DFlCTLGL ,FUT lJUT HFC[Z

  • - 13 -

    DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ VFSFZ6L VG[ J;],FT VlWSFZL TZOYL 5}ZL 50FI[, G CMI4 VFZP8LPVF.PV[S8GL

    S,Dv*s&f C[9/ lJGF D}

  • - 14 -

    lJQFI ov VZHNFZzL V~6 AFA]ZFJ SMQ8L wJFZF VFZP8LPVF. V[S8 V\TU"TGL TFPZZqZqZ_!# GL VZHLYL DF\UJFDF\ VFJ[,4 ;J[" G\AZovZ$$ lJGFIS GUZDF\ VFJ[, %,M8 G\AZP Z$$4Z$#4!)(4!5! VF TDFD %,M8MGL 5]J" lNXFDF\ V[5F8"D[g8G]\ AF\WSFD RF,] K[PT[ %,M8 G\P X]\ K[P ;NZ V[5F8"D[g8 A\WF. K[ T[ %,M8 SMGL DFl,SLGM K[ VG[ 5MTFGL DFl,SL AFAT[ SIF SIF 5]ZFJFVM ZH] SZ[,F K[ VG[ CF, SMGF GFD[ RF,L VFJ[, K[ T[ TDFD lJUTMGL N:TFJ[HL 5]ZFJFVM ;lCTGL DFlCTLVM VF5JF GD| VZH K[ AFATP

    ;\NE" ovs!f VZHNFZGL TFPZZqZqZ_!# GF ZMHGL D}/ VZHLP sZf VZHNFZGL TFPZ5q#qZ_!# GF ZMHGL 5|YD V5L, VZHLP

    s#f V5L, VZHL ;\NE[" HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZLG[ 5}T"TF SZJF DF8[ V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL wJFZF DMS,JFDF\ VFJ[, TFPZq$qZ_!# GF ZMHGM 5+P

    s$f HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[Z wJFZF VZHNFZG[ 5F9JJFDF\ VFJ[, TFP Z_q#qZ_!# GF ZMHGM 5+P

    s5f HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ VFSFZ6L VG[ J;],FT VlWSFZL wJFZF VZHNFZG[ 5F9JJFDF\ VFJ[, TFP (q$qZ_!# GF ZMHGM 5+P

    VZHNFZzL V~6 AFA]ZFJ SMQ8L wJFZF VFZP8LPVF. V[S8 V\TU"TGL TFPZZqZqZ_!# GL VZHLYL

    DF\UJFDF\ VFJ[,4 ;J[" G\AZovZ$$ lJGFIS GUZDF\ VFJ[, %,M8 G\AZP Z$$4Z$#4!)(4!5! VF TDFD

    %,M8MGL 5]J" lNXFDF\ V[5F8"D[g8G]\ AF\WSFD RF,] K[PT[ %,M8 G\P X]\ K[P ;NZ V[5F8"D[g8 A\WF. K[ T[ %,M8 SMGL

    DFl,SLGM K[ VG[ 5MTFGL DFl,SL AFAT[ SIF SIF 5]ZFJFVM ZH] SZ[,F K[ VG[ CF, SMGF GFD[ RF,L VFJ[, K[ T[

    TDFD lJUTMGL N:TFJ[HL 5]ZFJFVM ;lCTGL DFlCTLVM VF5JF GD| VZH K[ AFAT[ D/[, lG6"IYL GFZFH Y.

    TFPZ5q#qZ_!#GF ZMH 5|YD V5L, VZHL SZJFDF\ VFJ[,P

    VZHNFZzLGL V5L, VZHLGF\ VG];\WFG[ D}/ VZHLGL GS,4 VF5[, DFlCTLGL GM\W4 lJEFU ;lCT

    GS,4 VF5JF HMU 5}ZS DFlCTLGL lJUTM4 lJ,\AqlJ;\UTTFq.gSFZ CMI TM T[GL :5Q8TF;C 5CM\RTL SZJF TYF

    V5L,GF D}NF V\U[ 56 T[DGM 51F ZH] SZJF 5+ G\P54 TFPZq$qZ_!# YL HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[[ GFIA

    .HG[ZzL TYF HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ VFSFZ6L VG[ J;],FT VlWSFZLzL4 ;FpYhMG spWGFfG[[ 5+

    5F9JJFDF\ VFJ[,P

    VZHNFZGL D}/ VZHLGF ;\NE"[DF\ HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFf wJFZF

    5+ G\P;FPhMGq8[Sq!_!Z4 TFPZ_q#qZ_!# TYF HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ VFSFZ6L VG[ J;],FT VlWSFZL4

    ;FpYhMG spWGFf wJFZF 5+ G\P;FPhMGqVS6sVFZP8LPVF.fq#)4 TFP(q$qZ_!# GF ZMHYL HJFA 5]ZM

    5F0JFDF\ VFJ[, CMI T[J] H6FI K[P

    V5L, VZHLGF ;\NE"DF\ V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL VG[ SFI"5F,S .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFfGF 5+

    G\P;FPhMGq8[SqZ!4 TFPZq$qZ_!# YL VZHNFZG[ TFP)q$qZ_!# GF ZMH V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL VG[ SFI"5F,S

    .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFf ;D1F ~A~DF\ ;]GFJ6L DF8[ AM,FJ[,FP H[ AFAT[ VZHNFZzL V~6 AFA]ZFJ SMQ8L TYF

    HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[Z TYF HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ VFSFZ6L VG[ J;],FT VlWSFZL

    CFHZ ZC[, CTFP T[VMG[ ~A~DF\ ;F\E/JFDF\ VFjIF CTFP T[VMG[ wIFG 5}J"S ;F\E/TF VZHNFZ wJFZF H6FJJFDF\

    VFJ[, S[ lD,ST BM8L ZLT[ AF\WL K[P T[YL DFlCTL VF5JL lCTDF\ H6FI K[P T[JL ZH]VFT VZHNFZ wJFZF SZJFDF \

    VFJ[,P

    vo C]SD ov

    VZHNFZGL D}/ VZHL4 V5L, VZHL T[DH p5,aW CSLST wIFG[ ,[TF GLR[ D]HAGM C]SD SZL V5L,GM

    lGSF, SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

  • - 15 -

    VZHNFZGL TFPZZqZqZ_!# GL VZHLYL DF\U[, DFlCTLGL ,FUT lJUT HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[

    GFIA .HG[Z wJFZF 5]ZL 50FI[, K[P H[YL JW] SX]\ SZJFG]\ ZC[T] GYLP 5Z\T] DF\U[, DFlCTLGL ,FUT lJUT

    HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ VFSFZ6L VG[ J;],FT VlWSFZL wJFZF 5]ZM 50FI[, HJFAYL VZHNFZG[ ;\TMQF G CMI

    VZHNFZG[ DF\U[, DFlCTL VFZP8LPVF.PV[S8GL S,Dv*s&f C[9/ lJGF D}

  • - 16 -

    DFlCTLGL GS,P D]N'F G\Ps!f YL %,M8 G\P! VFXF5]ZL ;M;FI8L4 HLPVF.P0LP;LPGL AFH]DF\ J0MNDF\ AF\W[, VFZP;LP;L lD,STGL 5}J" XZTG];FZ ,F.G 5F6LGL U8ZGL ,F.G VG[ ;[O8L8[\SGL DFlCTLGL D\H]ZLGL GS,MP D]N'F G\PsZf YL ;NZ %,M8G]\ VFZP;LP;L AF\WSFD V\U[ D\H]Z SZFJ[, %,FGGL VG[ ZHFlR9'LGL DFlCTLGL GS,MP D]N'F G\Ps#f YL ;NZ %,M8GF AF\WSFDGF\ l;JL, VFSL"8[S V[gHLGLIZG]\ ;MU\NGFDFGL GS,P D]N'F G\Ps$f YL VFXF5]ZL ;M;FI8L4 HLPVF.P0LP;LPGL AFH]DF\ J0MNDF\ AF\W[, pWGF hMGGF SIF VlWSFZLGF lJ:TFZDF\ VFJ[ K[P H[ VlWSFZLG]\ GFD4 SD"RFZL G\P VG[ 5M:8GL GS,P D]N'F G\Ps5f YL p5ZMST D]N'F G\P! YL $ V\U[GL DFlCTLDF\ D]N'F G\P! VG[ Z V\U[GL DFlCTL p5,aW G CMI TM WLPALP5LPV[DP;LPV[S8v!)$)GL S,DvZ&_ D]HA 0LDM,LXGGL DFlCTLGL GS,P D]N'F G\Ps&f YL p5ZMST D]N'F G\P! VG[ Z D]HA VFZP;LP;L AF\WSFD SZ[, CMJ] HM.V[ H[GF\YL HZF56 JWFZ[ AF\WSFD SZ[, CMI TM 56 WLPALP5LPV[DP;LPV[S8 !)$)GL S,DvZ&_ D]HA JWFZFG]\ AF\WSFD N}Z SZJ]\P

    ;\NE" ovs!f VZHNFZGL TFP!5qZqZ_!# GF ZMHGL D}/ VZHLP sZf VZHNFZGL TFP!)q#qZ_!#GF ZMHGL 5|YD V5L, VZHLP H[ V+[

    TAlN, Y. TFPZ5q#qZ_!# GF ZMH D/[,P s#f V5L, VZHL ;\NE[" HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZLG[ 5}T"TF SZJF DF8[ V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL wJFZF DMS,JFDF\ VFJ[, TFP$q$qZ_!# GF ZMHGM 5+P

    s$f HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[Z wJFZF VZHNFZG[ 5F9JJFDF\ VFJ[, TFP)q$qZ_!# GF ZMHGM 5+P

    VZHNFZzL GZ[XEF. GFGHLEF. AYJFZ wJFZF VFZP8LPVF. V[S8 V\TU"TGL TFP!5qZqZ_!# GL

    VZHL H[ V+[ TAlN, Y. D/[,YL DF\UJFDF\ VFJ[,4 VFXF5]ZL ;M;FI8LGL lD

  • - 17 -

    .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFf ;D1F ~A~DF\ ;]GFJ6L DF8[ AM,FJ[,FP H[ AFAT[ VZHNFZzL GZ[XEF. GFGHLEF.

    AYJFZ CFHZ ZC[, G CTFP 5Z\T] HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[Z CFHZ ZC[, CTFP

    vo C]SD ov

    VZHNFZGL D}/ VZHL4 V5L, VZHL T[DH p5,aW CSLST wIFG[ ,[TF GLR[ D]HAGM C]SD SZL V5L,GM

    lGSF, SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

    VZHNFZGL TFP!5qZqZ_!# GL VZHLYL DF\U[, DFlCTLGF D]N'F G\PZ4 #4 $4 54 & GL lJUT HFC[Z

    DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[Z wJFZF 5]ZL 50FI[, K[P H[YL JW] SX]\ SZJFG]\ ZC[T] GYLP 5Z\T] D]N'F G\P! GL

    DFlCTLGL lJUT HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[Z wJFZF 5]ZL 50FI[, G CMI4 VFZP8LPVF.PV[S8GL

    S,Dv*s&f C[9/ lJGF D}

  • - 18 -

    %,; +6 DF/G]\ 5FS] AF\WSFD YI[, K[ H[ H[ AF\WSFD V\U[ CDFZF HF6JF D]HA ;]ZT DCFGUZ 5Fl,SFGL J[A;F.8 p5Z TFP!)q&qZ_!Z GF ZMH .vD[., wJFZF OZLIFN ZHL:80" YI[, K[ H[ V\U[GM OlZIFN G\P ,UEU )))q5Z_!Z!(!# VF5JFDF\ VFJ[,P VG[ T[ VZHLGF VG]\;\WFG[ VF5 ;FC[AzLGL SR[ZLDF\ TFZLBP &q(qZ_!Z TYF TFPZ_q)qZ_!Z GF ZMH ;]ZT DCFGUZ5Fl,SFGL SR[ZLDF\ OZLIFN 56 VF5JFDF\ VFJ[,P T[DH TFP!$q!_q!Z GF ZMH OZLYL ;]ZT DCFGUZ5Fl,SFGL J[A;F.8 p5Z . vD[., wJFZF ;NZ JFNU|:T lD,ST V\U[ OlZIFN VF5JFDF\ VFJ[, H[GL OlZIFN G\P)))q5Z_!Z#*## VF5JFDF\ VFJ[, tIFZAFN TFP!q!!qZ_!Z GF ZMH p5ZMST lD,ST AFAT[ lZDF.g0Z OlZIFN DC[P;]ZT DCFGUZ5Fl,SFGF SlDxGZ ;FC[AzLGL SR[ZLDF\ VF5JFDF\ VFJ[, CTLP T[ OlZIFNGF IFG[ S[4 p5ZMST VFHlNG ;]WL VF5[, TDFD OlZIFN qVZHLGF VG]\;\WFGDF\ VFHlNG ;]WL H[ S\. 56 SFI"JFCL SZJFDF\ VFJ[, VG[ SFI"JFCL NZdIFG H[ S\. 56 DFlCTL D[/JJFDF\ VFJ[, T[ TDFD DFlCTLGL CDMG[ lJUT JFZGL GS, VF5JF VZH K[P JW]DF\ p5ZMST CDFZL OlZIFN4 VZHLGF VG]\;\WFG[ H[ VlWSFZLG[ SFI"JFCL ;M\5JFDF\ VFJ[, T[ VlWSFZLqSD"RFZLVMGF CMN'F4 T[VMG] \ GFD 4 ;\5]6" lJUT ;FY[ TYF SD"RFZL G\AZ4 ;\5S" G\AZ ;lCTGL lJUT VF5JF VZH K[P D]N'F G\P sZf YL JFNU|:T lD,ST G\P !#*4!#( SMGF GFD[ ;]ZT DCFGUZ5Fl,SFGF NOTZ[ GM\WFI[, K[ T[ jIlSTG]\ GFD TYF 5]Z[5]ZL lJUTP JFU JFNU|:T lD,STG]\ AF\WSFD SZJF VF5GL SR[ZLDF\YL SIFZ[ 5ZDLXG ,[JFDF\ VFJ[,4 VG[ 5ZDLXG ,[TL JBT[ SIF\ 0MSI]D[g8 ZH] SZ[, T[ TDFDGL GS,P JFNU|:T lD,STGL HM ZHFlR9'L %,FGGL GS,4 lJU[Z[ H[ S\. 56 AF\WSFDG[ ,FUT 5[5;" ZH] SZ[, CMI TM T[ TDFD 5[5;"GL ;CL4 l;SSFJF/L GS,P JFNU|:T lD,STG]\ lA

  • - 19 -

    GF ZMH p5ZMST lD,ST AFAT[ lZDF.g0Z OlZIFN DC[P;]ZT DCFGUZ5Fl,SFGF SlDxGZ ;FC[AzLGL SR[ZLDF\

    VF5JFDF\ VFJ[, CTLP T[ OlZIFNGF IFG[ S[4 p5ZMST VFHlNG ;]WL VF5[, TDFD OlZIFN qVZHLGF VG] \;\WFGDF\

    VFHlNG ;]WL H[ S\. 56 SFI"JFCL SZJFDF\ VFJ[, VG[ SFI"JFCL NZdIFG H[ S\. 56 DFlCTL D[/JJFDF\ VFJ[, T[

    TDFD DFlCTLGL CDMG[ lJUT JFZGL GS, VF5JF VZH K[P JW]DF\ p5ZMST CDFZL OlZIFN4 VZHLGF VG]\;\WFG[

    H[ VlWSFZLG[ SFI"JFCL ;M\5JFDF\ VFJ[, T[ VlWSFZLqSD"RFZLVMGF CMN'F4 T[VMG] \ GFD 4 ;\5]6" lJUT ;FY[ TYF

    SD"RFZL G\AZ4 ;\5S" G\AZ ;lCTGL lJUT VF5JF VZH K[P D]N'F G\P sZf YL JFNU|:T lD,ST G\P !#*4!#( SMGF

    GFD[ ;]ZT DCFGUZ5Fl,SFGF NOTZ[ GM\WFI[, K[ T[ jIlSTG]\ GFD TYF 5]Z[5]ZL lJUTP JFU JFNU|:T lD,STG]\

    AF\WSFD SZJF VF5GL SR[ZLDF\YL SIFZ[ 5ZDLXG ,[JFDF\ VFJ[,4 VG[ 5ZDLXG ,[TL JBT[ SIF\ 0MSI]D[g8 ZH]

    SZ[, T[ TDFDGL GS,P JFNU|:T lD,STGL HM ZHFlR9'L %,FGGL GS,4 lJU[Z[ H[ S\. 56 AF\WSFDG[ ,FUT 5[5;"

    ZH] SZ[, CMI TM T[ TDFD 5[5;"GL ;CL4 l;SSFJF/L GS,P JFNU|:T lD,STG]\ lA

  • - 20 -

    VZHNFZGL TFP&qZqZ_!# GL VZHLYL DF\U[, DFlCTLGL ,FUT lJUT HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[

    VFSFZ6L VG[ J;],FT VlWSFZL wJFZF 5]ZL 50FI[, CMI JW] SX]\ SZJFG] ZC[T] GYLP 5Z\T] DF\U[, DFlCTLGL ,FUT

    lJUT HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[Z wJFZF 5]ZL 50FI[, K[P KTF 5]ZL 50FI[, DFlCTL VZHNFZG[

    D/[, G CMI VG[ DFlCTL VW]ZL CMI VZHNFZG[ DF\uIF D]HAGL DFlCTL VFZP8LPVF.PV[S8GL S,Dv*s&f C[9/

    lJGF D}

  • - 21 -

    XC[ZL lJSF;BFT]\4 VFZMuI BFT] VG[ VFSFZ6L lJEFU G[ ;\A\lWT SZ[, VZHLVM TYF T[GF HJFAGL GS,P D]N'F G\PsZf YL VXZO VA]ASZ V\;FZLGL V5L, VZHL G\P#$4 TFPZ_q_$qZ_!!4 $)*4 TFP !*q!ZqZ_!!4 5!5 TFPZ*q!ZqZ_!!4 5&& TFP!Zq_!qZ_!Z4 5&*4 5&( TFP!)q_!qZ_!Z TYF tIFZ AFNGL V5L, VZHLVMGL GS, 0[PSlDxGZ VG[ V[5[,[8 VMlO;Z[ SZ[, C]SD TYF T[ VgJI[ ;\A\lWT lJEFU TZOYL VF5[, HJFAL 5[5;" TYF N:TFJ[HGL GS,P D]N'F G\Ps#f YL ;FpYhMGGF VFSFZ6L lJEFUGF VlWSFZLzLGL TFP!)q_!qZ_!# GF ;M;FI8LGF lG,D ZMvCFp;GF ;L lJEFUGF %,M8M TYF V[5F8"D[g8GF # DL8Z DFHL"GGL HuIFV[ AG[, VMlO; G\P!_& VgJI[ SZ[, T5F; S. VZHL VgJI[ S[ VgI SM. AFAT[ CM. TM T[GL lJUT S[ C]SDGL GS,P

    ;\NE" ovs!f VZHNFZGL TFPZ$q_!qZ_!# GF ZMHGL D}/ VZHLP sZf VZHNFZGL TFPZ(q#qZ_!#GF ZMHGL 5|YD V5L, VZHLP

    s#f V5L, VZHL ;\NE[" HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZLG[ 5}T"TF SZJF DF8[ V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL wJFZF DMS,JFDF\ VFJ[, TFPZq$qZ_!# GF ZMHGM 5+P

    s$f HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[Z wJFZF VZHNFZG[ 5F9JJFDF\ VFJ[, TFP(q$qZ_!# GF ZMHGM 5+P

    s5f HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ VFSFZ6L VG[ J;],FT VlWSFZL wJFZF VZHNFZG[ 5F9JJFDF\ VFJ[, TFP5q#qZ_!# GF ZMHGM 5+P

    VZHNFZzL XF{STV,L H]DZFTL V\;FZL wJFZF VFZP8LPVF. V[S8 V\TU"TGL TFPZ$q!qZ_!# GL

    VZHLYL DF\UJFDF\ VFJ[,4 D]N'F G\Ps!f YL HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZLzL4 ;]ZT DCFGUZ5Fl,SF4 ;FpYhMG pWGF4

    ;]ZTG[ zL VXZO VA]ASZ V\;FZL TYF V[DGF JSL,zLV[ ;TU]~ SMPVMPCFP;MP,LPlJEFU G[XG, %,FhF TYF

    lG,D ZMvCFp; AFAT[ XC[ZL lJSF;BFT]\4 VFZMuI BFT] VG[ VFSFZ6L lJEFU G[ ;\A\lWT SZ[, VZHLVM TYF

    T[GF HJFAGL GS,P D]N'F G\PsZf YL VXZO VA]ASZ V\;FZLGL V5L, VZHL G\P#$4 TFPZ_q_$qZ_!!4 $)*4

    TFP !*q!ZqZ_!!4 5!5 TFPZ*q!ZqZ_!!4 5&& TFP!Zq_!qZ_!Z4 5&*4 5&( TFP!)q_!qZ_!Z TYF

    tIFZ AFNGL V5L, VZHLVMGL GS, 0[PSlDxGZ VG[ V[5[,[8 VMlO;Z[ SZ[, C]SD TYF T[ VgJI[ ;\A\lWT lJEFU

    TZOYL VF5[, HJFAL 5[5;" TYF N:TFJ[HGL GS,P D]N'F G\Ps#f YL ;FpYhMGGF VFSFZ6L lJEFUGF VlWSFZLzLGL

    TFP!)q_!qZ_!# GF ;M;FI8LGF lG,D ZMvCFp;GF ;L lJEFUGF %,M8M TYF V[5F8"D[g8GF # DL8Z DFHL"GGL

    HuIFV[ AG[, VMlO; G\P!_& VgJI[ SZ[, T5F; S. VZHL VgJI[ S[ VgI SM. AFAT[ CM. TM T[GL lJUT S[

    C]SDGL GS, AFAT[ D/[, lG6"IYL GFZFH Y. TFPZ(q#qZ_!# GF ZMH 5|YD V5L, VZHL SZJFDF\ VFJ[,P

    VZHNFZzLGL V5L, VZHLGF\ VG];\WFG[ D}/ VZHLGL GS,4 VF5[, DFlCTLGL GM\W4 lJEFU ;lCT

    GS,4 VF5JF HMU 5}ZS DFlCTLGL lJUTM4 lJ,\AqlJ;\UTTFq.gSFZ CMI TM T[GL :5Q8TF;C 5CM\RTL SZJF TYF

    V5L,GF D}NF V\U[ 56 T[DGM 51F ZH] SZJF 5+ G\P*4 TFPZq$qZ_!# YL HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA

    .HG[Z TYF HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ VFSFZ6L VG[ J;],FT VlWSFZL TYF HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[

    .PRFPGFIA VFZMuI VlWSFZL4 ;FpYhMG spWGFfG[[ 5+ 5F9JJFDF\ VFJ[,P

    VZHNFZGL D}/ VZHLGF ;\NE"[DF\ HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFf wJFZF

    5+ G\P;FPhMGq8[Sq$*4 TFP(q$qZ_!# TYF HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ VFSFZ6L VG[ J;],FT VlWSFZL4

    ;FpYhMG spWGFf wJFZF 5+ G\P;FPhMGqVS6sVFZP8LPVF.fq)Z54 TFP5q#qZ_!# GF ZMHYL HJFA 5}ZM

    5F0JFDF\ VFJ[, CMI T[J] H6FI K[P

    V5L, VZHLGF ;\NE"DF\ V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL VG[ SFI"5F,S .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFfGF 5+

    G\P;FPhMGq8[SqZ#4 TFPZq$qZ_!# YL VZHNFZG[ TFP)q$qZ_!# GF ZMH V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL VG[ SFI"5F,S

    .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFf ;D1F ~A~DF\ ;]GFJ6L DF8[ AM,FJ[,FP H[ AFAT[ VZHNFZzL VFZLO IFS]A RF{S;L TYF

  • - 22 -

    HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[Z TYF HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ VFSFZ6L VG[ J;],FT VlWSFZL TYF

    HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ .PRFPGFIA VFZMuI VlWSFZL CFHZ ZC[, CTFP T[VMG[ ~A~DF\ ;F\E/JFDF\ VFjIF

    CTFP T[VMG[ wIFG 5}J"S ;F\E/TF VZHNFZ wJFZF H6FJ[, S[ DG[ DF\uIF D]HAGL DFlCTL 5]ZL 50FI[, GYLP TM T[

    5]ZL 5F0JF H6FJ[,P

    vo C]SD ov

    VZHNFZGL D}/ VZHL4 V5L, VZHL T[DH p5,aW CSLST wIFG[ ,[TF GLR[ D]HAGM C]SD SZL V5L,GM

    lGSF, SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

    VZHNFZGL TFPZ$q!qZ_!# GL VZHLYL DF\U[, DFlCTLGL lJUT HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA

    .HG[Z TYF HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ VFSFZ6L VG[ J;],FT VlWSFZL TYF HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[

    .PRFPGFIA VFZMuI VlWSFZL TZOYL 5}ZL 50FI[, G CMI4 VFZP8LPVF.PV[S8GL S,Dv*s&f C[9/ lJGF D}

  • - 23 -

    VF5XMP D]N'F G\Ps$f YL &$ ;MDFSFGHLGL JF0L4 ;J[ZF SMd5,[1FGL 5FK/ pWGF GC[ZGL AFH]DF\ B8MNZF4 ;]ZT ;NZ lD

  • - 24 -

    vo C]SD ov

    VZHNFZGL D}/ VZHL4 V5L, VZHL T[DH p5,aW CSLST wIFG[ ,[TF GLR[ D]HAGM C]SD SZL V5L,GM

    lGSF, SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

    VZHNFZGL TFP!!qZqZ_!# GL VZHLYL DF\U[, DFlCTLGL lJUT HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA

    .HG[Z TZOYL 5}ZL 50FI[, G CMI4 VFZP8LPVF.PV[S8GL S,Dv*s&f C[9/ lJGF D}

  • - 25 -

    D]N'F G\Ps5f YL &$ ;MDFSFGHLGL JF0L4 ;J[ZF SMd5,[1FGL 5FK/ pWGF GC[ZGL AFH]DF\ B8MNZF4 ;]ZTGL V[; V[;[;D[g8GL 5|DFl6T GS, VF5XMP D]N'F G\Ps&f YL &$ ;MDFSFGHLGL JF0L4 ;J[ZF SMd5,[1FGL 5FK/ pWGF GC[ZGL AFH]DF\ B8MNZF4 ;]ZTGF ALPI]P;L ;8L"OLS[8GL 5|DFl6T GS, VF5XMP D]N'F G\Ps*f YL &$ ;MDFSFGHLGL JF0L4 ;J[ZF SMd5,[1FGL 5FK/ pWGF GC[ZGL AFH]DF\ B8MNZF4 ;]ZT ;NZ lD

  • - 26 -

    VZHNFZGL D}/ VZHL4 V5L, VZHL T[DH p5,aW CSLST wIFG[ ,[TF GLR[ D]HAGM C]SD SZL V5L,GM

    lGSF, SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

    VZHNFZGL TFP!!qZqZ_!# GL VZHLYL DF\U[, DFlCTLGL lJUT HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA

    .HG[Z wJFZF 5}ZL 50FI[, G CMI4 VFZP8LPVF.PV[S8GL S,Dv*s&f C[9/ lJGF D}

  • - 27 -

    DHS]Z VFZP8LPVF. V[S8LlJ:8GL S.M.C DF\ VFJ[, VZHLGL GS, VDM VZHNFZ[ ;NZ VZHL ;FY[ B.P.L Card GL 5|DFl6T GS,G]\ lA0F6 SZ[, K[P H[YL ;CL l;SSF ;CLT ;LWL DFlCTLGL GS,M 5F9JJF lJG\TL AFATP

    ;\NE" ovs!f VZHNFZGL TFP(qZqZ_!# GF ZMHGL D}/ VZHLP H[ V+[ TAlN, Y. G[

    D/[, K[P sZf VZHNFZGL TFPZ!q#qZ_!# GF ZMHGL 5|YD V5L, VZHLP H[ V+[

    TAlN, Y. G[ D/[, K[P s#f V5L, VZHL ;\NE[" HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZLG[ 5}T"TF SZJF DF8[ V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL wJFZF DMS,JFDF\ VFJ[, TFP$q$qZ_!# GF ZMHGM 5+P

    s$f HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[Z wJFZF VZHNFZG[ 5F9JJFDF\ VFJ[, TFP(q$qZ_!# GF ZMHGM 5+P

    VZHNFZzL GZ[XEF. GFGHLEF. AYJFZ wJFZF VFZP8LPVF. V[S8 V\TU"TGL TFP(qZqZ_!# GL VZHL

    H[ V+[ TAlN, Y.G[ D/[,YL DF\UJFDF\ VFJ[,4 D]N'F G\P s!f YL zL 5L\S, 3LJF/F VFZP8LPVF. V[S8LlJ:8 CMI

    T[DGL S.M.C. GF ;FT hMGDF\ SZ[, GD]GF ccSccGL DFlCTLGL TDFD VZHLGL GS,MP D]N'F G\P sZf YL DHS]Z 5MT[

    VFZP8LPVF. V[S8LlJ:8 CMJFYL VgI HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZLVMGL DFlCTL D[/JL XSTF CMI TM TDFZL

    VFZP8LPVF. V[S8vZ__5 GF lGID #s!fGF GD]GF cSc DF\ DF\U[, S.M.CGL DFlCTLGL GS,M 56 VF5JL H 50[P

    D]N'F G\P s#f YL DHS]Z VFZP8LPVF. V[S8LlJ:8 5MTFGL S.M.C GD]GF ccScc DF\ DF\U[, DFlCTL VFZP8LPVF.

    V[S8GF SIF lGID VG[ HMUJF. VG];FZ ,[lBTDF\ VZHL VF5[, K[ S[ 5MTFGL GD]GF cSc GL DFlCTL VgIG[ G

    VF5JL H[GL DFlCTL :5Q8 ;CGL GS,P D]N'F G\P s$f YL DHS]Z VFZP8LPVF. V[S8LlJ:8GL S.M.C DF\ VFJ[,

    VZHLGL GS, VDM VZHNFZ[ ;NZ VZHL ;FY[ B.P.L Card GL 5|DFl6T GS,G]\ lA0F6 SZ[, K[P H[YL ;CL

    l;SSF ;CLT ;LWL DFlCTLGL GS,M 5F9JJF lJG\TL AFAT[ D/[, lG6"IYL GFZFH Y. TFPZ!q#qZ_!# GF ZMH 5|YD

    V5L, VZHL SZJFDF\ VFJ[,P H[ V+[ TAlN, Y.G[ D/[,P

    VZHNFZzLGL V5L, VZHLGF\ VG];\WFG[ D}/ VZHLGL GS,4 VF5[, DFlCTLGL GM\W4 lJEFU ;lCT

    GS,4 VF5JF HMU 5}ZS DFlCTLGL lJUTM4 lJ,\AqlJ;\UTTFq.gSFZ CMI TM T[GL :5Q8TF;C 5CM\RTL SZJF TYF

    V5L,GF D}NF V\U[ 56 T[DGM 51F ZH] SZJF 5+ G\P!*4 TFP$q$qZ_!# YL HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[[ GFIA

    .HG[ZzL4 ;FpYhMG spWGFfG[[ 5+ 5F9JJFDF\ VFJ[,P

    VZHNFZGL D}/ VZHLGF ;\NE"[DF\ HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFf wJFZF

    5+ G\P;FPhMGq8[Sq$(4 TFP(q$qZ_!# GF ZMHYL DFlCTL 5}ZL 5F0JFDF\ VFJ[, CMI T[J] H6FI K[P

    V5L, VZHLGF ;\NE"DF\ V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL VG[ SFI"5F,S .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFfGF 5+

    G\P;FPhMGq8[Sq##4 TFP#q$qZ_!# YL VZHNFZG[ TFP)q$qZ_!# GF ZMH V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL VG[ SFI"5F,S

    .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFf ;D1F ~A~DF\ ;]GFJ6L DF8[ AM,FJ[,FP H[ AFAT[ VZHNFZzL GZ[XEF. GFGHLEF.

    AYJFZ CFHZ ZC[, G CTFP 5Z\T] HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[Z CFHZ ZC[, CTFP T[DGF wJFZF

    H6FJ[, S[ VZHNFZG[ 5+ G\P;FPhMGq8[Sq$(4 TFP(q$qZ_!# GF ZMH HJFA 5F9JJFDF\ VFJ[, K[P

    vo C]SD ov

    VZHNFZGL D}/ VZHL4 V5L, VZHL T[DH p5,aW CSLST wIFG[ ,[TF GLR[ D]HAGM C]SD SZL V5L,GM

    lGSF, SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

    VZHNFZGL TFP(qZqZ_!# GL VZHLYL DF\U[, DFlCTLGM HJFA HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA

    .HG[Z wJFZF 5]ZM 50FI[, CMI JW] SX]\ SZJFG] ZC[T] GYLP

  • - 28 -

    V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL VG[ SFI"5F,S .HG[Z ;FpYhMGspWGFf ;]ZT DCFGUZ5Fl,SF

    ;FPZPov GM0, VMlO;ZzL4 VFZP8LPVF.P DwI:Y ;[,P GPZP ov HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[ZzL szL VXMS V[;P58[,f4 ;FpYhMG spWGFf 5|lTPPPP

    HF6 TYF C]SDGF VD, DF8[P GPZP ov zL VlG, ALP58[, sZ[S0" S,FS"zL4 VFZP8LP VF.P;[, ;FpYhMGspWGFf4 zL 5FZ[B sZ[S0"

    S,FS"zL4 VFZP8LP VF.P;[, ;FpYhMGspWGFf4 5|lTPPPPPHF6 DF8[P GPZP ov VZHNFZzL GZ[XEF. GFGHLEF. AYJFZ4 5|lTPPPPPHF6 ;F~P

    V5L, VZHLG\P ov ;FPhMG q5|PVqZ#&4 TFP#_q#qZ_!#

    VZHNFZ o zL JLP8LPTFIJF0[

    ;FDFJF/F o HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[Z

    OZLIFNGL CSLST ov

    lJQFI ov VZHNFZzL JLP8LPTFIJF0[ wJFZF VFZP8LPVF. V[S8 V\TU"TGL TFP_#q!!qZ_!Z GL VZHLYL DF\UJFDF\ VFJ[,4 D]N'F G\Ps!f YL UMlJ\NGUZ BFT[ %,M8 G\P! GL AFH]DF\ H[ K UF/FG]\ AF\WSFD SZJFDF\ VFJ[, K[ T[ SFIN[;Z K[ S[ DFHL"G HuIFDF\ K[P S[ ;LPVMP5LPGL HuIFDF\ K[P T[GL DFlCTL VF5JF lJG\TLP D]N'F G\PsZf YL D}/HL 9SSZ T[DH lJD, UFZD[g8GL ;FD[ VFJ[, 5FZ;L Sd5Fpg0DF\ ;\0F; VG[ AFY~DGL HuIF p5Z H[ AF\WSFD SZJFDF\ VFJ[, T[ ,LU, K[ S[ GCL VG[ T[ HDLG SMGL DFl,SLGL K[ T[DH SMGF VlE5|FI p5Z AF\WSFD SZJFDF\ VFJ[, K[ T[DH AF\WSFDGL 5ZDLXG SIF VlWSFZL wJFZF VF5JFDF\ VFJ[, K[P VG[ AF\WSFD U[ZSFIN[;Z CMI TM T[VMG[ GM8L; S. TFZLB[ VF5JFDF\ VFJ[, K[P VG[ GM8L; VF%IF 5KL AF\WSFD N]Z G SZJFG]\ SFZ6 X]\ T[GL DFlCTL VF5JF lJG\TLP D]N'F G\Ps#f YL pWGF hMGDF\ H,FZFD BFT[ %,M8 G\P(_4 (Z H[ AF\WSFD SFIN[;Z K[ S[ U[ZSFIN[;Z K[ T[GL DFlCTL VF5JF lJG\TLP D]N'F G\Ps$f YL lXJS'5F ;M;FI8LDF\ H[ U[ZSFIN[;Z CM8, DFHL"G HuIFDF\

  • - 29 -

    R,FJJFDF\ VFJ[, T[ SFI"5F,S .HG[ZzL G[ JFZ\JFZ VZHL SZJF KTF N]Z G SZJFG]\ SFZ6 X]\ T[ CM8, SFIN[;Z HuIF 5Z K[P S[ GCL VG[ SFIN[;Z HuIF G CMI TM VFHlNG ;]WL T[VMG[ VFHlNG ;]WL GM8L; G VF5JFG]\ SFZ6 X]\ T[GL DFlCTL VF5JF lJG\TLP D]N'F G\Ps5f YL XLJGUZDF\ VFJ[, EFuI,1DL D[0LS, H[ U[ZSFIN[;Z CMJF KTF T[VMG[ VFHlNG ;]WL GM8L; G VF5JFG]\ SFZ6 X]\ VG[ T[DF SFI"5F,S .HG[Z VXMS 58[, T[VM T[ AF\WSFD VFHlNG ;]WL N]Z G SZJFG]\ SFZ6 X]\ T[GL DFlCTL VF5JF lJG\TLP D]N'F G\Ps&f YL V56F D[0D UIF 5KL H[ pWGFhMGDF \ TM0[,] AF\WSFD OZLYL RF,] SZJFDF\ VFJ[, K[P VG[ H[ VlWSFZL T[DF\ U]G[UFZ VG[ ZMS0L SZL ZCIF K[P T[VMGL ;FD[ VFHlNG ;]WL dI]lGPSlDxGZ TZOYL SFIN[;Z SFI"JFCL G SZJFG]\ SFZ6 X]\ T[GL DFlCTL VF5JF lJG\TL AFATP

    ;\NE" ovs!f VZHNFZGL TFP_#q!!qZ_!Z GF ZMHGL D}/ VZHLP sZf VZHNFZGL TFP#_q#qZ_!#GF ZMHGL 5|YD V5L, VZHLP

    s#f V5L, VZHL ;\NE[" HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZLG[ 5}T"TF SZJF DF8[ V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL wJFZF DMS,JFDF\ VFJ[, TFP$q$qZ_!# GF ZMHGM 5+P

    s$f HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[Z wJFZF VZHNFZG[ 5F9JJFDF\ VFJ[, TFPZ*q!ZqZ_!Z GF ZMHGM 5+P

    VZHNFZzL JLP8LPTFIJF0[ wJFZF VFZP8LPVF. V[S8 V\TU"TGL TFP_#q!!qZ_!Z GL VZHLYL DF\UJFDF\

    VFJ[,4 D]N'F G\Ps!f YL UMlJ\NGUZ BFT[ %,M8 G\P! GL AFH]DF\ H[ K UF/FG]\ AF\WSFD SZJFDF\ VFJ[, K[ T[ SFIN[;Z

    K[ S[ DFHL"G HuIFDF\ K[P S[ ;LPVMP5LPGL HuIFDF\ K[P T[GL DFlCTL VF5JF lJG\TLP D]N'F G\PsZf YL D}/HL 9SSZ T[DH

    lJD, UFZD[g8GL ;FD[ VFJ[, 5FZ;L Sd5Fpg0DF\ ;\0F; VG[ AFY~DGL HuIF p5Z H[ AF\WSFD SZJFDF\ VFJ[, T[

    ,LU, K[ S[ GCL VG[ T[ HDLG SMGL DFl,SLGL K[ T[DH SMGF VlE5|FI p5Z AF\WSFD SZJFDF\ VFJ[, K[ T[DH

    AF\WSFDGL 5ZDLXG SIF VlWSFZL wJFZF VF5JFDF\ VFJ[, K[P VG[ AF\WSFD U[ZSFIN[;Z CMI TM T[VMG[ GM8L; S.

    TFZLB[ VF5JFDF\ VFJ[, K[P VG[ GM8L; VF%IF 5KL AF\WSFD N]Z G SZJFG]\ SFZ6 X]\ T[GL DFlCTL VF5JF lJG\TLP

    D]N'F G\Ps#f YL pWGF hMGDF\ H,FZFD BFT[ %,M8 G\P(_4 (Z H[ AF\WSFD SFIN[;Z K[ S[ U[ZSFIN[;Z K[ T[GL DFlCTL

    VF5JF lJG\TLP D]N'F G\Ps$f YL lXJS'5F ;M;FI8LDF\ H[ U[ZSFIN[;Z CM8, DFHL"G HuIFDF\ R,FJJFDF\ VFJ[, T[

    SFI"5F,S .HG[ZzL G[ JFZ\JFZ VZHL SZJF KTF N]Z G SZJFG]\ SFZ6 X]\ T[ CM8, SFIN[;Z HuIF 5Z K[P S[ GCL

    VG[ SFIN[;Z HuIF G CMI TM VFHlNG ;]WL T[VMG[ VFHlNG ;]WL GM8L; G VF5JFG]\ SFZ6 X]\ T[GL DFlCTL VF5JF

    lJG\TLP D]N'F G\Ps5f YL XLJGUZDF\ VFJ[, EFuI,1DL D[0LS, H[ U[ZSFIN[;Z CMJF KTF T[VMG[ VFHlNG ;]WL

    GM8L; G VF5JFG]\ SFZ6 X]\ VG[ T[DF SFI"5F,S .HG[Z VXMS 58[, T[VM T[ AF\WSFD VFHlNG ;]WL N]Z G SZJFG]\

    SFZ6 X]\ T[GL DFlCTL VF5JF lJG\TLP D]N'F G\Ps&f YL V56F D[0D UIF 5KL H[ pWGFhMGDF\ TM0[,] AF\WSFD OZLYL

    RF,] SZJFDF\ VFJ[, K[P VG[ H[ VlWSFZL T[DF\ U]G[UFZ VG[ ZMS0L SZL ZCIF K[P T[VMGL ;FD[ VFHlNG ;]WL

    dI]lGPSlDxGZ TZOYL SFIN[;Z SFI"JFCL G SZJFG] \ SFZ6 X]\ T[GL DFlCTL VF5JF lJG\TL AFAT[ D/[, lG6"IYL

    GFZFH Y. TFP#_q#qZ_!#GF ZMH 5|YD V5L, VZHL SZJFDF\ VFJ[,P

    VZHNFZzLGL V5L, VZHLGF\ VG];\WFG[ D}/ VZHLGL GS,4 VF5[, DFlCTLGL GM\W4 lJEFU ;lCT

    GS,4 VF5JF HMU 5}ZS DFlCTLGL lJUTM4 lJ,\AqlJ;\UTTFq.gSFZ CMI TM T[GL :5Q8TF;C 5CM\RTL SZJF TYF

    V5L,GF D}NF V\U[ 56 T[DGM 51F ZH] SZJF 5+ G\P!(4 TFP$q$qZ_!# YL HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[[ GFIA

    .HG[ZzL4 ;FpYhMG spWGFfG[[ 5+ 5F9JJFDF\ VFJ[,P

    VZHNFZGL D}/ VZHLGF ;\NE"[DF\ HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFf wJFZF

    5+ G\P;FPhMGq8[Sq*#Z4 TFPZ*q!ZqZ_!Z GF ZMHYL DFlCTL 5}ZL 5F0JFDF\ VFJ[, CMI T[J] H6FI K[P

    V5L, VZHLGF ;\NE"DF\ V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL VG[ SFI"5F,S .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFfGF 5+

    G\P;FPhMGq8[Sq#$4 TFP#q$qZ_!# YL VZHNFZG[ TFP)q$qZ_!# GF ZMH V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL VG[ SFI"5F,S

  • - 30 -

    .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFf ;D1F ~A~DF\ ;]GFJ6L DF8[ AM,FJ[,FP H[ AFAT[ VZHNFZzL JLP8LPTFIJF0[ TYF HFC[Z

    DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[Z CFHZ ZC[, CTFP T[VMG[ ~A~DF\ ;F\E/JFDF\ VFjIF CTFP T[VMG[ wIFG 5}J"S

    ;F\E/TF HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[Z wJFZF H6FJ[, S[ 5+ G\P;FPhMGq8[Sq*#Z4 TFPZ*q!ZqZ_!Z

    YL VZHNFZG[ DFlCTL 5]ZL 50FI[, K[P

    vo C]SD ov

    VZHNFZGL D}/ VZHL4 V5L, VZHL T[DH p5,aW CSLST wIFG[ ,[TF GLR[ D]HAGM C]SD SZL V5L,GM

    lGSF, SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

    VZHNFZGL TFP#q!!qZ_!Z GL VZHLYL DF\U[, DFlCTLGL lJUT HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA

    .HG[Z wJFZF 5]ZL 50FI[, CMI JW] SX]\ SZJFG]\ ZC[T] GYLP

    V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL VG[ SFI"5F,S .HG[Z ;FpYhMGspWGFf ;]ZT DCFGUZ5Fl,SF

    ;FPZPov GM0, VMlO;ZzL4 VFZP8LPVF.P DwI:Y ;[,P GPZP ov HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[ZzL szL VXMSPV[;P58[,f4 ;FpYhMG spWGFf 5|lTPPPP

    HF6 TYF C]SDGF VD, DF8[P GPZP ov zL VlG, ALP58[, sZ[S0" S,FS"zL4 VFZP8LP VF.P;[, ;FpYhMGspWGFf4 zL 5FZ[B sZ[S0"

    S,FS"zL4 VFZP8LP VF.P;[, ;FpYhMGspWGFf4 5|lTPPPPPHF6 DF8[P GPZP ov VZHNFZzL JLP8LPTFIJF0[4 5|lTPPPPPHF6 ;F~P

    V5L, VZHLG\P ov ;FPhMG q5|PVqZZ!4 TFPZ!q#qZ_!#

    VZHNFZ o zL l5\S, 5|O]

  • - 31 -

    HLP0LP;LPVFZPGF lGID D]HA U[ZSFIN[;Z AF\WSFD lJ~wW SZJFDF\ VFJ[, SFIN[;ZGL TDFD SFI"JFCLGL GS, VF5JLP D]N'F G\Ps5f YL TDFD OF., VFZP8LPVF. V[S8GL S,D *s#f C[9/ T5F;6L VG[ sTDFD HM.TF SFU/ f lGI5v5 C[9/ OL EZL VF5XMP D]N'F G\Ps&f YL VZHNFZG[ 8M8, S[8,F :SJ[Z O]8 sRMPDL8ZfGF AF\WSFD SZJF DF8[ 5ZJFGUL VF5JFDF\ VFJL K[m D]N'F G\Ps*f YL VZHNFZ wJFZF 0L8[., JSL"U 0=M.\U TYF :8=SRZGL V[S GS, DFlCTL VG[ Z[S0" DF8[ ;1FD VlWSFZL ;D1F SIFZ[ sS. TFZLB[fZH] SZ[, K[P D]N'F G\Ps(f YL HLP0LP;LPVFZPGF lGID $P5 S,D C[9/ ;D1F VlWSFZL wJFZF lJSF;GF VD,LSZ6 NZdIFG S[8,L JFZ :Y/G]\ .:5[SXG SZJFDF\ VFjI]\P D]N'F G\Ps)f YL V[GPV[ GL SM5L VF5JLP D]N'F G\Ps!_f YL 0[J,5ZG]\ ,FI;g;GL SM5L VF5JLP

    ;\NE" ovs!f VZHNFZGL TF#_q!qZ_!# GF ZMHGL D}/ VZHLP H[ V+[ TAlN, Y. TFP!qZqZ_!# GF ZMH D/[,P sZf VZHNFZGL TFPZ!q#qZ_!# GF ZMHGL 5|YD V5L, VZHLP

    s#f V5L, VZHL ;\NE[" HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZLG[ 5}T"TF SZJF DF8[ V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL wJFZF DMS,JFDF\ VFJ[, TFP$q$qZ_!# GF ZMHGM 5+P

    VZHNFZzL l5\S, 5|O]

  • - 32 -

    CFHZ ZC[, G CTFP 5Z\T] HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[ZzL szL V[RPALPl,\AF;LIFf ZHF 5Z CMI

    T[DGF JTL zL JLP0LPRF{WZL CFHZ ZC[, CTFP

    vo C]SD ov

    VZHNFZGL D}/ VZHL4 V5L, VZHL T[DH p5,aW CSLST wIFG[ ,[TF GLR[ D]HAGM C]SD SZL V5L,GM

    lGSF, SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

    VZHNFZGL TFP#_q!qZ_!# GL VZHLYL DF\U[, DFlCTLGL lJUT HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA

    .HG[Z wJFZF 5}ZL 50FI[, G CMI4 VFZP8LPVF.PV[S8GL S,Dv*s&f C[9/ lJGF D}

  • - 33 -

    SFU/ f lGI5v5 C[9/ OL EZL VF5XMP D]N'F G\Ps&f YL VZHNFZG[ 8M8, S[8,F :SJ[Z O]8 sRMPDL8ZfGF AF\WSFD SZJF DF8[ 5ZJFGUL VF5JFDF\ VFJL K[m D]N'F G\Ps*f YL VZHNFZ wJFZF 0L8[., JSL"U 0=M.\U TYF :8=SRZ 0=M.UGL V[S GS, DFlCTL VG[ Z[S0" DF8[ ;1FD VlWSFZL ;D1F SIFZ[ sS. TFZLB[fZH] SZ[, K[P D]N'F G\Ps(f YL HLP0LP;LPVFZPGF lGID $P5 S,D C[9/ ;D1F VlWSFZL wJFZF lJSF;GF VD,LSZ6 NZdIFG S[8,L JFZ :Y/G]\ .:5[SXG SZJFDF\ VFjI]\P D]N'F G\Ps)f YL V[GPV[ GL SM5L VF5JL S. TFZLB[ SZJFDF\ VFjI] T[ H6FJJ]\P D]N'F G\Ps!_f YL 0[J,5ZG]\ ,FI;g;GL SM5L VF5JF AFATP

    ;\NE" ovs!f VZHNFZGL TFP#_q!qZ_!# GF ZMHGL D}/ VZHLP H[ V+[ TAlN, Y. TFP!qZqZ_!# GF ZMH D/[,P sZf VZHNFZGL TFPZ!q#qZ_!# GF ZMHGL 5|YD V5L, VZHLP

    s#f V5L, VZHL ;\NE[" HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZLG[ 5}T"TF SZJF DF8[ V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL wJFZF DMS,JFDF\ VFJ[, TFP$q$qZ_!# GF ZMHGM 5+P

    VZHNFZzL l5\S, 5|O]

  • - 34 -

    CFHZ ZC[, G CTFP 5Z\T] HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[ZzL szL V[RPALPl,\AF;LIFf ZHF 5Z CMI

    T[DGF JTL zL JLP0LPRF{WZL CFHZ ZC[, CTFP

    vo C]SD ov

    VZHNFZGL D}/ VZHL4 V5L, VZHL T[DH p5,aW CSLST wIFG[ ,[TF GLR[ D]HAGM C]SD SZL V5L,GM

    lGSF, SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

    VZHNFZGL TFP#_q!qZ_!# GL VZHLYL DF\U[, DFlCTLGL lJUT HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA

    .HG[Z wJFZF 5}ZL 50FI[, G CMI4 VFZP8LPVF.PV[S8GL S,Dv*s&f C[9/ lJGF D}

  • - 35 -

    G\Ps$f YL R.S.NO.276/1-277/1 JM0"G\P Z*vV[O4 XF\lTGUZ ;M;FI8L %,M8 G\P !ZZ45) GL DFl,SL SMGF GFD[ K[P VG[ VFSFZ6L SMGF GFD[ SZJFDF\ VFJL K[P T[GL lJUT VF5JLP D]N'F G\Ps5f YL VF lD,ST p5Z DG5F VlWSFZLVM wJFZF VUFp ;L, SZL N[JFD\F VFjI]\ CT]P TM VF lD,ST SIF SFZ6M;Z ;L, SZJFDF\ VFJL CTLP VG[ CF, VF SMGL D\H]ZL C[9/ ;L, TM0L GF\BJFDF\ VFjI] K[ T[GL DFlCTL VF5JLP D]N'F G\Ps&f YL R.S.NO.276/1-277/1 JM0"G\P Z*vV[O4 XF\lTGUZ ;M;FI8LGF %,M8 G\P $4 54 *4 (4 !ZZ4 5) p5Z CF, H[ AF\WSFD SZJFDF\ VFJL ZCI] K[P T[GL lJSF; 5ZJFGUL ,[JFD\F VFJL K[ S[ S[D4 HM lJSF; 5ZJFGUL ,[JFD\F VFJL CMI TM T[ SIF 5|SFZGF AF\WSFDGL lJSF; 5ZJFGUL ,[JFD\F VFJL K[P VG[ S[8,F DF/GL lJSF; 5ZJFGUL ,[JFD\F VFJL K[ T[GL lJUT VF5JL T[ p5ZF\T HM T[GF p5Z SM. GM8L; O8SFZJFDF\ VFJL CMI TM T[GL GS, VF5JF lJG\TL AFATP

    ;\NE" ovs!f VZHNFZGL TFP!!qZqZ_!#GF ZMHGL D}/ VZHLP sZf VZHNFZGL TFPZ(q#qZ_!# GF ZMHGL 5|YD V5L, VZHLP

    s#f V5L, VZHL ;\NE[" HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZLG[ 5}T"TF SZJF DF8[ V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL wJFZF DMS,JFDF\ VFJ[, TFP$q$qZ_!# GF ZMHGM 5+P

    s$f HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[Z wJFZF VZHNFZG[ 5F9JJFDF\ VFJ[, TFP(q$qZ_!# GF ZMHGM 5+P

    VZHNFZzL SG{IFEF. ;LP 5FZ[B wJFZF VFZP8LPVF. V[S8 V\TU"TGL TFP(qZqZ_!# GL VZHLYL

    DF\UJFDF\ VFJ[,4 XF\lTGUZ ;M;FI8LDF\ RF,L ZC[, V[5F8"D[g8GF U[ZSFIN[;Z AF\WSFDM AFATP D]N'F G\Ps!f YL

    R.S.NO.276/1-277/1 JM0"G\P Z*vV[O4 XF\lTGUZ ;M;FI8LGF\ ;eIM wJFZF TFPZ!q!ZqZ_!Z4

    Z&q!ZqZ_!Z VG[ Z$q!qZ_!# GF ZMH ;M;FI8LDF\ RF,L ZC[, lJlJW U[ZSFIN[;Z AF\WSFD T[DH RF,L ZC[,

    RMYF DF/GF U[ZSFIN[;Z AF\WSFD AFAT[ VZHLVM SZJFDF\ VFJL CTL H[ VZHL p5Z CF, ;]WL S. SFIN[;ZGL

    SFI"JFCL SZJFDF\ VFJL K[P VG[ GM8L; O8SFZJFDF\ VFJL K[ S[ GCL T[GL lJUT VF5JLP D]N'F G\PsZf YL

    R.S.NO.276/1-277/1 JM0"G\P Z*vV[O4 XF\lTGUZ ;M;FI8LGF %,M8 G\P !ZZ45) p5Z YI[, AF\WSFDGM

    %,FG D\H]Z YIM K[ S[ S[D VUZ HM D\H]Z YIM CMI TM D\H]Z %,FGGL SM5LGL 5|DFl6T GS, VF5JLP D]N'F G\Ps#f YL

    XF\lTGUZ ;M;FI8LGF %,M8 G\P !ZZ VFJ[, lD,STG[ S[8,F DF/GL D\H]ZL VF5JFDF\ VFJL K[m HM D\H]ZL G

    VF5JFDF\ VFJL CMI TM T[GF lJ~wW DG5F wJFZF SIF 5U,F ,[JFIF K[ T[GL lJUT VF5JLm D]N'F G \Ps$f YL

    R.S.NO.276/1-277/1 JM0"G\P Z*vV[O4 XF\lTGUZ ;M;FI8L %,M8 G\P !ZZ45) GL DFl,SL SMGF GFD[ K[P

    VG[ VFSFZ6L SMGF GFD[ SZJFDF\ VFJL K[P T[GL lJUT VF5JLP D]N'F G\Ps5f YL VF lD,ST p5Z DG5F VlWSFZLVM

    wJFZF VUFp ;L, SZL N[JFD\F VFjI]\ CT]P TM VF lD,ST SIF SFZ6M;Z ;L, SZJFDF\ VFJL CTLP VG[ CF, VF SMGL

    D\H]ZL C[9/ ;L, TM0L GF\BJFDF\ VFjI] K[ T[GL DFlCTL VF5JLP D]N'F G\Ps&f YL R.S.NO.276/1-277/1 JM0"G\P

    Z*vV[O4 XF\lTGUZ ;M;FI8LGF %,M8 G\P $4 54 *4 (4 !ZZ4 5) p5Z CF, H[ AF\WSFD SZJFDF\ VFJL ZCI] K[P

    T[GL lJSF; 5ZJFGUL ,[JFD\F VFJL K[ S[ S[D4 HM lJSF; 5ZJFGUL ,[JFD\F VFJL CMI TM T[ SIF 5|SFZGF AF\WSFDGL

    lJSF; 5ZJFGUL ,[JFD\F VFJL K[P VG[ S[8,F DF/GL lJSF; 5ZJFGUL ,[JFD\F VFJL K[ T[GL lJUT VF5JL T[ p5ZF\T

    HM T[GF p5Z SM. GM8L; O8SFZJFDF\ VFJL CMI TM T[GL GS, VF5JF lJG\TL AFAT[ D/[, lG6"IYL GFZFH Y.

    TFPZ(q#qZ_!# GF ZMH 5|YD V5L, VZHL SZJFDF\ VFJ[,P

    VZHNFZzLGL V5L, VZHLGF\ VG];\WFG[ D}/ VZHLGL GS,4 VF5[, DFlCTLGL GM\W4 lJEFU ;lCT

    GS,4 VF5JF HMU 5}ZS DFlCTLGL lJUTM4 lJ,\AqlJ;\UTTFq.gSFZ CMI TM T[GL :5Q8TF;C 5CM\RTL SZJF TYF

    V5L,GF D}NF V\U[ 56 T[DGM 51F ZH] SZJF 5+ G\P!Z4 TFP$q$qZ_!# YL HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[[ GFIA

    .HG[ZzL4 ;FpYhMG spWGFfG[[ 5+ 5F9JJFDF\ VFJ[,P

  • - 36 -

    VZHNFZGL D}/ VZHLGF ;\NE"[DF\ HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFf wJFZF

    5+ G\P;FPhMGq8[Sq554 TFP(q$qZ_!# GF ZMHYL DFlCTL 5}ZL 5F0JFDF\ VFJ[, CMI T[J] H6FI K[P

    V5L, VZHLGF ;\NE"DF\ V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL VG[ SFI"5F,S .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFfGF 5+

    G\P;FPhMGq8[SqZ(4 TFP#q$qZ_!# YL VZHNFZG[ TFP)q$qZ_!# GF ZMH V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL VG[ SFI"5F,S

    .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFf ;D1F ~A~DF\ ;]GFJ6L DF8[ AM,FJ[,FP H[ AFAT[ VZHNFZzL SG{IFEF. ;LP 5FZ[B

    CFHZ ZC[, CTFP T[VMG[ ~A~DF\ ;F\E/JFDF\ VFjIF CTFP T[VMG[ wIFG 5}J"S ;F\E/TF HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[

    GFIA .HG[Z wJFZF H6FJ[, S[ VZHNFZG[ ~A~DF\ DFlCTL 5]ZL 5F0JFDF\ VFJ[, K[P

    vo C]SD ov

    VZHNFZGL D}/ VZHL4 V5L, VZHL T[DH p5,aW CSLST wIFG[ ,[TF GLR[ D]HAGM C]SD SZL V5L,GM

    lGSF, SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

    VZHNFZGL TFP!!qZqZ_!# GL VZHLYL DF\U[, DFlCTLGL lJUT HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA

    .HG[Z wJFZF ~A~DF\ 5]ZL 50FI[, CMI JW] SX]\ SZJFG]\ ZC[T] GYLP

    V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL VG[ SFI"5F,S .HG[Z ;FpYhMGspWGFf ;]ZT DCFGUZ5Fl,SF

    ;FPZPov GM0, VMlO;ZzL4 VFZP8LPVF.P DwI:Y ;[,P GPZP ov HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[ZzL szL VXMSPV[;P58[,f4 ;FpYhMG spWGFf 5|lTPPPP

    HF6 TYF C]SDGF VD, DF8[P GPZP ov zL VlG, ALP58[, sZ[S0" S,FS"zL4 VFZP8LP VF.P;[, ;FpYhMGspWGFf4 zL 5FZ[B sZ[S0"

    S,FS"zL4 VFZP8LP VF.P;[, ;FpYhMGspWGFf4 5|lTPPPPPHF6 DF8[P GPZP ov VZHNFZzL SG{IFEF. ;LP 5FZ[B4 5|lTPPPPPHF6 ;F~P

    V5L, VZHLG\P ov ;FPhMG q5|PVqZZ54 TFPZ(q#qZ_!#

    VZHNFZ o zL 0F"P D,IS]DFZ 0LP58[, ;FDFJF/F o HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[Z

    OZLIFNGL CSLST ov

    lJQFI ov VZHNFZzL 0F"P D,IS]DFZ 0LP58[, wJFZF VFZP8LPVF. V[S8 V\TU"TGL TFPZ*qZqZ_!# GL VZHLYL DF\UJFDF\ VFJ[,4 XF\lTGUZ ;M;FI8LDF\ RF,L ZC[, U[ZSFIN[;Z AF\WSFDM AFATP R.S.NO.276/1-277/1 JM0"G\P Z*vV[O DF\ VFJ[, XF\lTGUZ ;M;FI8LGF %,M8 G\P $454*4( VG[ !ZZ p5Z YI[, AF\WSFDMGF D\H]Z %,FGGL SM5L VF5JL VG[ HM D\H]ZL G VF5L CMI TM VF %,M8 p5ZGF U[ZSFIN[;Z AF\WSFDM G[ N}Z SZJF DF8[GL TDFD lJUTM SIF 5|SFZGF 5U,F ,[JFDF\ VFjIF K[ T[GL HF6 VG[ HM GM8L; VF5L CMI TM T[GL GS,M VF5JLP VG[ HM VF %,M8M p5ZGF AF\WSFDMGL VFSFZ6L Y. CMI TM T[GL lJUTM VG[ GS, VF5JF AFATP

    ;\NE" ovs!f VZHNFZGL TFPZ*qZqZ_!# GF ZMHGL D}/ VZHLP sZf VZHNFZGL TFPZ(q#qZ_!# GF ZMHGL 5|YD V5L, VZHLP

    s#f V5L, VZHL ;\NE[" HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZLG[ 5}T"TF SZJF DF8[ V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL wJFZF DMS,JFDF\ VFJ[, TFPZq$qZ_!# GF ZMHGM 5+P

    s$f HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[Z wJFZF VZHNFZG[ 5F9JJFDF\ VFJ[, TFP(q$qZ_!# GF ZMHGM 5+P

  • - 37 -

    VZHNFZzL 0F"P D,IS]DFZ 0LP58[, wJFZF VFZP8LPVF. V[S8 V\TU"TGL TFPZ*qZqZ_!# GL VZHLYL

    DF\UJFDF\ VFJ[,4 XF\lTGUZ ;M;FI8LDF\ RF,L ZC[, U[ZSFIN[;Z AF\WSFDM AFATP R.S.NO.276/1-277/1

    JM0"G\P Z*vV[O DF\ VFJ[, XF\lTGUZ ;M;FI8LGF %,M8 G\P $454*4( VG[ !ZZ p5Z YI[, AF\WSFDMGF D\H]Z

    %,FGGL SM5L VF5JL VG[ HM D\H]ZL G VF5L CMI TM VF %,M8 p5ZGF U[ZSFIN[;Z AF\WSFDM G[ N}Z SZJF DF8[GL

    TDFD lJUTM SIF 5|SFZGF 5U,F ,[JFDF\ VFjIF K[ T[GL HF6 VG[ HM GM8L; VF5L CMI TM T[GL

    GS,M VF5JLP VG[ HM VF %,M8M p5ZGF AF\WSFDMGL VFSFZ6L Y. CMI TM T[GL lJUTM VG[ GS, VF5JF AFAT[

    D/[, lG6"IYL GFZFH Y. TFPZ(q#qZ_!# GF ZMH 5|YD V5L, VZHL SZJFDF\ VFJ[,P

    VZHNFZzLGL V5L, VZHLGF\ VG];\WFG[ D}/ VZHLGL GS,4 VF5[, DFlCTLGL GM\W4 lJEFU ;lCT

    GS,4 VF5JF HMU 5}ZS DFlCTLGL lJUTM4 lJ,\AqlJ;\UTTFq.gSFZ CMI TM T[GL :5Q8TF;C 5CM\RTL SZJF TYF

    V5L,GF D}NF V\U[ 56 T[DGM 51F ZH] SZJF 5+ G\P$4 TFPZq$qZ_!# YL HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA

    .HG[ZzL4 ;FpYhMG spWGFfG[[ 5+ 5F9JJFDF\ VFJ[,P

    VZHNFZGL D}/ VZHLGF ;\NE"[DF\ HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFf wJFZF

    5+ G\P;FPhMGq8[Sq$)4 TFP(q$qZ_!# GF ZMHYL DFlCTL 5}ZL 5F0JFDF\ VFJ[, CMI T[J] H6FI K[P

    V5L, VZHLGF ;\NE"DF\ V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL VG[ SFI"5F,S .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFfGF 5+

    G\P;FPhMGq8[SqZ_4 TFPZq$qZ_!# YL VZHNFZG[ TFP)q$qZ_!# GF ZMH V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL VG[ SFI"5F,S

    .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFf ;D1F ~A~DF\ ;]GFJ6L DF8[ AM,FJ[,FP H[ AFAT[ VZHNFZzL 0F"P D,IS]DFZ 0LP58[,

    CFHZ ZC[, CTFP T[VMG[ ~A~DF\ ;F\E/JFDF\ VFjIF CTFP T[VMG[ wIFG 5}J"S ;F\E/TF HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[

    GFIA .HG[Z wJFZF H6FJ[, S[ VZHNFZG[ ~A~DF\ DFlCTL 5]ZL 5F0JFDF\ VFJ[, K[P

    vo C]SD ov

    VZHNFZGL D}/ VZHL4 V5L, VZHL T[DH p5,aW CSLST wIFG[ ,[TF GLR[ D]HAGM C]SD SZL V5L,GM

    lGSF, SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

    VZHNFZGL TFPZ*qZqZ_!# GL VZHLYL DF\U[, DFlCTLGL lJUT HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA

    .HG[Z wJFZF ~A~DF\ 5]ZL 50FI[, CMI JW] SX]\ SZJFG]\ ZC[T] GYLP

    V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL VG[ SFI"5F,S .HG[Z ;FpYhMGspWGFf ;]ZT DCFGUZ5Fl,SF

    ;FPZPov GM0, VMlO;ZzL4 VFZP8LPVF.P DwI:Y ;[,P GPZP ov HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[ZzL szL VXMS V[;P58[,f4 ;FpYhMG spWGFf 5|lTPPPP

    HF6 TYF C]SDGF VD, DF8[P GPZP ov zL VlG, ALP58[, sZ[S0" S,FS"zL4 VFZP8LP VF.P;[, ;FpYhMGspWGFf4 zL 5FZ[B sZ[S0"

    S,FS"zL4 VFZP8LP VF.P;[, ;FpYhMGspWGFf4 5|lTPPPPPHF6 DF8[P GPZP ov VZHNFZzL 0F"P D,IS]DFZ 0LP58[,4 5|lTPPPPPHF6 ;F~P

  • - 38 -

    V5L, VZHLG\P ov ;FPhMG q5|PVqZ#$4 TFPZ(q#qZ_!#

    VZHNFZ o zL VXZO V[P Vg;FZL

    ;FDFJF/F o HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[Z

    HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ VFSFZ6L VG[ J;],FT VlWSFZLzL

    OZLIFNGL CSLST ov

    lJQFI ov VZHNFZzL VXZO V[P Vg;FZL wJFZF VFZP8LPVF. V[S8 V\TU"TGL TFPZ_qZqZ_!# GL VZHLYL DF\UJFDF\ VFJ[,4 ;TU]~ SMPVMPCFP;MP,LPpG GF GFD[ ;ZSFZL NOTZ[ GM\WFI[, K[P H[GM ZHLPH\P3q!$_(Z VG[ ;J[" G\P*)#qZqZ a,MS G\P*# K[P T[ V\U[P D]N'F G\Ps!f YL ;NZ ;M;FI8L TZOYL I]lG8 A G[XG, %,FhF XM5L\U ;[g8ZGL N]SFG G\P!_&4 AFAT[ YI[, JF\WF VZHL H[GM Z[O G\P#_4 TFP!!q)qZ_!Z K[P T[ VZHLGL ;8L"OF.0 GS,P D]N'F G\PsZf YL ;NZ ;M;FI8L 5+S ov *!qZ_!Zv!# TFPZZq_!qZ_!# DFZOT[ p5ZMST lJQFI AFAT[ VF5JFDF\ VFJ[, JF\WF VZHLGL ;8L"OF.0 GS, s;M;FPGF 5|YDf D\+L wJFZF VF5JFDF\ VFJ[, JF\WF VZHLP D]N'F G\Ps#f YL VF.P0LPG\P*#Z s&__qZ(#*f TFPZ$q!qZ_!# D]HA ;NZ ;M;FI8LGF AGL A[9[,M 5|D]B XF{STV,L H]DZFGL Vg;FZL wJFZF VDM VZHNFZ[ DG5F ;]ZTGF NOTZ[ JQF" Z_!Z ;]WL RTI ACT 2005 ;\A\WLT SZ[, VZHL V5L, T[DH T[ V5L, ;\NE[" YI[, C]SDMP T[DH 5]ZL 5F0JFDF\ VFJ[, TDFD DFlCTLGL ;8L"OF.0 GS,M D[/JJF AFAT SZ[, VZHLGL ;8L"OF.0 GS,MP D]N'F G\Ps$f YL 5+S G\P;FPhMGqVS6sVFZP8LPVF.fq (#_4 TFPZ(q!qZ_!# D]HA ;NU]Z] SMPVMPCFP;MP,LPpG GF 5|D]BqD\+L ZC[Pa,MS G\P*# 5{SL wJFZF VDM X[ZP CM

  • - 39 -

    Z__5 C[9/ TFP#q!ZqZ_!Z RTI VZHL 5(5 s&__qZ&()f AFAT[P JF\WM p9FJL DFlCTL 5]ZL G 5F0JFGF4 VFXIYL NOTZ[ ZH] SZ[, VZHLYL ;8L"OF.0 GS,P D]N'F G\Ps5f YL ;NZ ;M;FI8LGF 5|D]Bq;[S[|8ZLGL C[;LITYL ;M;FI8LGF AFI,Mh T[DH ;M;FI8LGF lGTL lGIDM V\U[ ;M;FI8L 9ZFJ G\PZq!!vZ__& GF D]N'F G\PsZf VG[ s&f G[ wIFGDF\ ,[TF VF D]N'FVM D]HA ;EF;NM wJFZF YI[, p,\3G 5|JT"DFG GDCR 0FIZ[S8 VMOF,FGL\U DG5F ;]ZTGF 9ZFJM lJ~wW YI[, T[DH 5|UTLDI AF\WSFD ZMSJFqN]Z SZJF T[DH ;M;FI8LGF D\H]Z %,FG ;]0F C]SD G\Pov ;]0F lJP5PVqI]q$q5#)!q$*&_4 TFP!#q&qZ__# D]HA AF\WSFD YFI T[ AFAT[ ;M;FI8LGF SM. 56 %,M8q;EF;N lJ~wW DG5F ;]ZT ;FPhMG pWGF GF NOTZ[ 5MTFGL OZHGF EFU ~5[ SM. 56 HFTGL SFI"JFCL SZ[, CMI TM T[GL ;8L"OF.0 GS, T[DH VF AFAT[ DPGP5FP ;]ZT TZOYL SZJFDF\ VFJ[, SFI"JFCLGL ;8L"OF.0 GS,P D]N'F G\Ps&f YL 5+S G\P;FPhMGq8[Sq$&4 TFP!)q$qZ_!!4 TFP!(q#qZ_!! GL VZHL VF.P0LPS|P5#!s&__q!Z&Zf D]HA D]N'F G\Ps&f D]N'F G\Ps)f VG[ D]N'F G\Ps!_f D]HA ;NZ ;M;FI8LGF SM. lD,STNFZ[ NOTZ[ SFI"JFCL SZL AF\WSFD SZ[, CMI T[ lJ;[ lD,STNFZ[ ZH] SZ[, 5]ZFJFVM ;lCT DFlCTL VF5JF AFATP

    ;\NE" ovs!f VZHNFZGL TFPZ_qZqZ_!# GF ZMHGL D}/ VZHLP sZf VZHNFZGL TFPZ(q#qZ_!# GF ZMHGL 5|YD V5L, VZHLP

    s#f V5L, VZHL ;\NE[" HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZLG[ 5}T"TF SZJF DF8[ V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL wJFZF DMS,JFDF\ VFJ[, TFP $q$qZ_!#GF ZMHGM 5+P

    VZHNFZzL VXZO V[P Vg;FZL wJFZF VFZP8LPVF. V[S8 V\TU"TGL TFPZ_qZqZ_!# GL VZHLYL

    DF\UJFDF\ VFJ[,4 ;TU]~ SMPVMPCFP;MP,LPpG GF GFD[ ;ZSFZL NOTZ[ GM\WFI[, K[P H[GM ZHLPH\P3q!$_(Z VG[

    ;J[" G\P*)#qZqZ a,MS G\P*# K[P T[ V\U[P D]N'F G\Ps!f YL ;NZ ;M;FI8L TZOYL I]lG8 A G[XG, %,FhF XM5L\U

    ;[g8ZGL N]SFG G\P!_&4 AFAT[ YI[, JF\WF VZHL H[GM Z[O G\P#_4 TFP!!q)qZ_!Z K[P T[ VZHLGL ;8L"OF.0

    GS,P D]N'F G\PsZf YL ;NZ ;M;FI8L 5+S ov *!qZ_!Zv!# TFPZZq_!qZ_!# DFZOT[ p5ZMST lJQFI AFAT[

    VF5JFDF\ VFJ[, JF\WF VZHLGL ;8L"OF.0 GS, s;M;FPGF 5|YDf D\+L wJFZF VF5JFDF\ VFJ[, JF\WF VZHLP D]N'F

    G\Ps#f YL VF.P0LPG\P*#Z s&__qZ(#*f TFPZ$q!qZ_!# D]HA ;NZ ;M;FI8LGF AGL A[9[,M 5|D]B XF{STV,L

    H]DZFGL Vg;FZL wJFZF VDM VZHNFZ[ DG5F ;]ZTGF NOTZ[ JQF" Z_!Z ;]WL RTI ACT 2005 ;\A\WLT SZ[,

    VZHL V5L, T[DH T[ V5L, ;\NE[" YI[, C]SDMP T[DH 5]ZL 5F0JFDF\ VFJ[, TDFD DFlCTLGL ;8L"OF.0 GS,M

    D[/JJF AFAT SZ[, VZHLGL ;8L"OF.0 GS,MP D]N'F G\Ps$f YL 5+S G\P;FPhMGqVS6sVFZP8LPVF.fq (#_4

    TFPZ(q!qZ_!# D]HA ;NU]Z] SMPVMPCFP;MP,LPpG GF 5|D]BqD\+L ZC[Pa,MS G\P*# 5{SL wJFZF VDM X[ZP CM

  • - 40 -

    lD,STNFZ[ NOTZ[ SFI"JFCL SZL AF\WSFD SZ[, CMI T[ lJ;[ lD,STNFZ[ ZH] SZ[, 5]ZFJFVM ;lCT DFlCTL VF5JF

    AFAT[ D/[, lG6"IYL GFZFH Y. TFPZ_qZqZ_!# GF ZMH 5|YD V5L, VZHL SZJFDF\ VFJ[,P

    VZHNFZzLGL V5L, VZHLGF\ VG];\WFG[ D}/ VZHLGL GS,4 VF5[, DFlCTLGL GM\W4 lJEFU ;lCT

    GS,4 VF5JF HMU 5}ZS DFlCTLGL lJUTM4 lJ,\AqlJ;\UTTFq.gSFZ CMI TM T[GL :5Q8TF;C 5CM\RTL SZJF TYF

    V5L,GF D}NF V\U[ 56 T[DGM 51F ZH] SZJF 5+ G\P!&4 TFP$q$qZ_!# YL HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[[ GFIA

    .HG[Z TYF HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ VFSFZ6L VG[ J;],FT VlWSFZL4 ;FpYhMG spWGFfG[[ 5+ 5F9JJFDF\

    VFJ[,P H[GF VG];\WFG[ HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL TZOYL SM. lJUT V+[ 5}ZL 50FI[, CMI T[J] H6FT] GYL4 TYF

    VFZP8LPVF. V[S8GL S,D (4) S[ !! C[9/ .gSFZ S[ V5JFNG\] SFZ6 H6FJ[, GYLP

    V5L, VZHLGF ;\NE"DF\ V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL VG[ SFI"5F,S .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFfGF 5+

    G\P;FPhMGq8[Sq#54 TFP#q$qZ_!# YL VZHNFZG[ TFP)q$qZ_!# GF ZMH V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL VG[ SFI"5F,S

    .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFf ;D1F ~A~DF\ ;]GFJ6L DF8[ AM,FJ[,FP H[ AFAT[ VZHNFZLzL VXZO V[P Vg;FZL TYF

    HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[Z TYF HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ VFSFZ6L VG[ J;],FT VlWSFZL

    CFHZ ZC[, CTFP T[VMG[ ~A~DF\ ;F\E/JFDF\ VFjIF CTFP T[VMG[ wIFG 5}J"S ;F\E/TF VZHNFZ wJFZF H6FJ[, S[

    DF\U[, DFlCTL 5{SL ,FUT DFlCTL HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[ZG[ ,FUT DFlCTL 5]ZL 50FI[, CMI SM.

    TSZFZ GYLP 5Z\T] DF\U[, DFlCTL 5{SL ,FUT DFlCTL HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ VFSFZ6L VG[ J;],FT VlWSFZL

    wJFZF 5]ZL 50FI[, G CMI T[ 5]ZL 5F0JF H6FJ[,P

    vo C]SD ov

    VZHNFZGL D}/ VZHL4 V5L, VZHL T[DH p5,aW CSLST wIFG[ ,[TF GLR[ D]HAGM C]SD SZL V5L,GM

    lGSF, SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

    VZHNFZGL TFPZ_qZqZ_!# GL VZHLYL DF\U[, DFlCTLGL ,FUT lJUT HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[

    GFIA .HG[Z wJFZF 5]ZL 50FI[, CMI JW] SX] SZJFG]\ ZC[T] GYLP 5Z\T] DF\U[, DFlCTLGL ,FUT lJUT HFC[Z

    DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ VFSFZ6L VG[ J;],FT VlWSFZL wJFZF 5}ZL 50FI[, G CMI4 VFZP8LPVF.PV[S8GL

    S,Dv*s&f C[9/ lJGF D}

  • - 41 -

    V5L, VZHLG\P ov ;FPhMG q5|PVq!_ 4 TFP$q$qZ_!# VZHNFZ o zL ALP;LP;MGJ6[ ;FDFJF/F o HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[ZzL

    OZLIFNGL CSLST ov

    lJQFI ov VZHNFZzL ALP;LP;MGJ6[ wJFZF VFZP8LPVF. V[S8 V\TU"TGL TFPZ)q!qZ_!# GL VZHLYL DF\UJFDF\ VFJ[,4 D]N'F G\Ps!f YL AF8,LAMI BFT[ VFJ[, Nl1F6 U]HZFT lJH S\5GL VMlO;YL pG H]GF HSFTGFSF ;]WLGF lJ:TFZDF\ H[ 0LDM,[XG YI[, K[P T[DF\ S[8,F DSFGM4 N]SFGM VG[ VMlO;M CTLm S[8[UZL 5|DF6[ T[GL IFNL VF5Mm D]N'F G\PsZf YL p5ZMST lJ:TFZDF\ H[ 0LDMl,XG YI[, K[ T[ V;ZU|:TMDF\YL DCFGUZ5Fl,SFV[ S[8,F ,MSMG[ J{S

  • - 42 -

    VZHNFZzL ALP;LP;MGJ6[ wJFZF VFZP8LPVF. V[S8 V\TU"TGL TFPZ)q!qZ_!# GL VZHLYL DF\UJFDF\

    VFJ[,4 D]N'F G\Ps!f YL AF8,LAMI BFT[ VFJ[, Nl1F6 U]HZFT lJH S\5GL VMlO;YL pG H]GF HSFTGFSF ;]WLGF

    lJ:TFZDF\ H[ 0LDM,[XG YI[, K[P T[DF\ S[8,F DSFGM4 N]SFGM VG[ VMlO;M CTLm S[8[UZL 5|DF6[ T[GL IFNL VF5Mm D]N'F

    G\PsZf YL p5ZMST lJ:TFZDF\ H[ 0LDMl,XG YI[, K[ T[ V;ZU|:TMDF\YL DCFGUZ5Fl,SFV[ S[8,F ,MSMG[ J{S

  • - 43 -

    VZHNFZGL D}/ VZHL4 V5L, VZHL T[DH p5,aW CSLST wIFG[ ,[TF GLR[ D]HAGM C]SD SZL V5L,GM

    lGSF, SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

    VZHNFZGL TFPZ)q!qZ_!# GL VZHLYL DF\U[, DFlCTLGL lJUT HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA

    .HG[Z wJFZF 5}ZL 50FI[, G CMI4 VFZP8LPVF.PV[S8GL S,Dv*s&f C[9/ lJGF D}

  • - 44 -

    VZHNFZzL ALP;LP;MGJ6[ wJFZF VFZP8LPVF. V[S8 V\TU"TGL TFPZ5q!qZ_!# GL VZHLYL DF\UJFDF\

    VFJ[,4 D]N'F G\Ps!f YL pG H]GF HSFTGFSFYL ;RLG Z[

  • - 45 -

    VZHNFZGL D}/ VZHL4 V5L, VZHL T[DH p5,aW CSLST wIFG[ ,[TF GLR[ D]HAGM C]SD SZL V5L,GM

    lGSF, SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

    VZHNFZGL TFPZ5q!qZ_!# GL VZHLYL DF\U[, DFlCTLGL lJUT HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA

    .HG[Z wJFZF 5}ZL 50FI[, G CMI4 VFZP8LPVF.PV[S8GL S,Dv*s&f C[9/ lJGF D}

  • - 46 -

    O]8GM K[m D]N'F G\Ps$f YL VPG\P! YL # p5ZMST Z:TFG]\ DCFGUZ 5Fl,SF JTL T.P :SLD 5|DF6[ :Y/ 5Z ;\5}6"

    SAHM ,[JFDF\ VFJ[, K[ S[ GCLm D]N'F G\Ps5f YL HM ;NZ Z:TFG[ 8LP5LP:SLD 5|DF6[ AGFJJFGM CMI TM SIF SIF

    9LSF6[ NAF6 K[m D]N'F G\Ps&f YL ;NZ Z:TM T.P :SLD 5|DF6[ ;\5}6" AGL UIM K[ S[ AFSL K[P T[GL DFlCTL VF5JLm

    AFAT[ D/[, lG6"IYL GFZFH Y. TFPZ)q#qZ_!# GF ZMH 5|YD V5L, VZHL SZJFDF\ VFJ[,P H[ V+[

    TFP5q$qZ_!# GF ZMH D/[,P

    VZHNFZzLGL V5L, VZHLGF\ VG];\WFG[ D}/ VZHLGL GS,4 VF5[, DFlCTLGL GM\W4 lJEFU ;lCT

    GS,4 VF5JF HMU 5}ZS DFlCTLGL lJUTM4 lJ,\AqlJ;\UTTFq.gSFZ CMI TM T[GL :5Q8TF;C 5CM\RTL SZJF TYF

    V5L,GF D}NF V\U[ 56 T[DGM 51F ZH] SZJF 5+ G\PZ(4 TFP!*q$qZ_!# YL HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZLVM VG[[

    GFIA .HG[ZM4 ;FpYhMG spWGFfG[[ 5+ 5F9JJFDF\ VFJ[,P H[GF VG];\WFG[ HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZLVM TZOYL SM.

    lJUT V+[ 5}ZL 50FI[, CMI T[J] H6FT] GYL4 TYF VFZP8LPVF. V[S8GL S,D (4) S[ !! C[9/ .gSFZ S[ V5JFNG \]

    SFZ6 H6FJ[, GYLP

    V5L, VZHLGF ;\NE"DF\ V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL VG[ SFI"5F,S .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFfGF 5+

    G\P;FPhMGq8[Sq!_$4 TFP!&q$qZ_!# YL VZHNFZG[ TFPZ$q$qZ_!# GF ZMH V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL VG[ SFI"5F,S

    .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFf ;D1F ~A~DF\ ;]GFJ6L DF8[ AM,FJ[,FP H[ AFAT[ VZHNFZLzL ALP;LP;MGJ6[ TYF

    HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZLVM VG[ GFIA .HG[ZM CFHZ ZC[, CTFP T[VMG[ ~A~DF\ ;F\E/JFDF\ VFjIF CTFP T[VMG[

    wIFG 5}J"S ;F\E/TF VZHNFZ wJFZF H6FJ[, S[ V[5[,[8 5wWlT ;FD[H DG[ TM 5|YD JF\WM K[P SFI"5F,S .HG[Z C:TS

    VFJ[, SFI"1F+[DF\ GFIA .HG[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL TZLS[ SFD SZ[ K[P VG[ T[VMG[ VFJ[, VFZP8LPVF. GL s5|xGMGLf

    DFlCTL VF5JFGL CMI K[P lJEFUDF\ SFD SZTL J[/FV[ H[ E],M S[4 lGID lJ~wW VYJF SFDDF\ A[NZSFZL S[ UMAFRFZL

    YI[, CMI T[DF\ SFI"5F,S .HG[ZzL VG[ hMG, RLO T[8,FH EFULNFZ S[ HJFANFZ CMI K[ VG[ p5ZMST +6[ H6F

    D/L ;\5LG[ SFD SZ[ K[P T[DH V[S ALHFG[ ;FRJL ,[ K[P H[YL ;NZ 5wWlT TM DFDFGF 3Z[ HDJFG]\ VG[ DFXLGF 3Z[

    5LZ;JFG]\ V[J] ,FU[ K[P T[YL H[ T[ hMGGF SFI"5F,S .HG[Z SZTF DCFGUZ5Fl,SFDF\ V[S prR S1FFGF s0[%I]8L

    SlDxGZvS1FFGFf T8:Y VlWSFZL DFO"T HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZLzLV[ VF5[, HJFAM T5F;L T[DF ZC[, BFDLVMGM

    VeIF; SZL VFZP8LPVF. SFI"STF"G[ ;F\E/L V5L,GM lG6"I SZJM HM.V[P TM ;FRM HJFA D/L XS[ T[D K[P CF,DF \

    DCFGUZ5Fl,SFV[ H[ 5wWlT V5GFJ[, K[ T[ OST ZJFGF 5]ZTL SZJF DF8[H ;NZ 5wWlT RF,] SZ[, K[P V[J] DFZ]

    :5Q8 DFGJ] K[P DC[;], BFTFDF\ TM DFD,TNFZ S1FFGF VlWSFZL HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL TZLS[ SFD SZ[ K[ VG[

    V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL TZLS[ GFIA S,[S8ZzL s5|FgT VlWSFZLzLf H[JF prR S1FFGF VlWSFZL SFD SZ[ K[ P T[YL lGR,L

    S1FFGF VlWSFZLVM H[ E],M SZ[, CMI T[ ;]WFZL XSFI K[P H[YL DC[;], BFTF 5|DF6[H SFI"5wWlT RF,] SZJF DFZL

    DF\U6L K[P

    vo C]SD ov

    VZHNFZGL D}/ VZHL4 V5L, VZHL T[DH p5,aW CSLST wIFG[ ,[TF GLR[ D]HAGM C]SD SZL V5L,GM

    lGSF, SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

    VZHNFZGL TFP$qZqZ_!# GL VZHLYL DF\U[, DFlCTLGL lJUT HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZLVM VG[ GFIA

    .HG[ZM wJFZF 5}ZL 50FI[, G CMI4 VFZP8LPVF.PV[S8GL S,Dv*s&f C[9/ lJGF D}

  • - 47 -

    V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL VG[ SFI"5F,S .HG[Z ;FpYhMGspWGFf ;]ZT DCFGUZ5Fl,SF

    ;FPZPov GM0, VMlO;ZzL4 VFZP8LPVF.P DwI:Y ;[,P GPZP ov HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZLVM VG[ GFIA .HG[ZzLVM szL JLP0LPRF{WZL4 zL V[RPALPl,\AF;LIF4 zL

    VXMS V[;P58[,f4 ;FpYhMG spWGFf 5|lTPPPP HF6 TYF C]SDGF VD, DF8[P GPZP ov zL VlG, ALP58[, sZ[S0" S,FS"zL4 VFZP8LP VF.P;[, ;FpYhMGspWGFf4 zL 5FZ[B sZ[S0"

    S,FS"zL4 VFZP8LP VF.P;[, ;FpYhMGspWGFf4 5|lTPPPPPHF6 DF8[P GPZP ov VZHNFZzL ALP;LP;MGJ6[4 5|lTPPPPPHF6 ;F~P

    V5L, VZHLG\P ov ;FPhMG q5|PVq$4 TFP$q$qZ_!#

    VZHNFZ o zL ELB]EF. 5LPRF{WZL ;FDFJF/F o HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZLVM VG[ GFIA .HG[ZzLVM

    OZLIFNGL CSLST ov

    lJQFI ov VZHNFZ zL ELB]EF. 5LPRF{WZL wJFZF VFZP8LPVF. V[S8 V\TU"TGL TFP!5qZqZ_!# GL VZHLYL DF\UJFDF\ VFJ[,4 D]N'F G\Ps!f YL TFZLB &qZqZ_!# GF ZMH hMGDF\ S[8,L lD,ST VG[ NAF6M N]Z SZJFDF\ VFjIF T[GL DFlCTL VF5MP VFJF NAF6 S[8,F ;DIYL CTF\ T[GL DFlCTL VF5MP D]N'F G\PsZf YL TFZLB &qZqZ_!# GF ZMH l;lJ, RFZ Z:TF 5F;[ S0LJF,F S\5Fpg0 5F;[YL DMCG ;\HI X[8'L pO[" VgGF GL RFvGF:TFGL ,FZL A\W SZFJJF SIF SIF VlWSFZLVM VG[ SD"RFZLVM VG[ ;LSI]ZL8LGF SD"RFZLVM :Y/ p5Z UIF CTFP T[DGF GFD CMN'F H6FJMP D]N'F G\Ps#f YL S0LJF,F S\5Fpg0 5F;[YL RF GF:TF GL ,FZL C8FJJF DF8[ TFP&qZq!# GF 5C[,F VlWSFZLVMG[qSD"RFZLVMG[ ,[lBT S[ DF{lBS ;]RGF VF5JFDF\ VFJL CMI TM T[GL DFlCTL VF5MP VFJL ;]RGF SIF VlWSFZLV[ SIF VlWSFZGL ~V[ VF5L T[GL DFlCTL VF5MP D]N'F G\Ps$f YL DMCG ;\HI X[8'L pO[" VgGF 5F;[ DCFGUZ5Fl,SF V[ SM. J[ZM S[ N\0 J;], SIM" K[ S[ S[Dm T[GL DFlCTL AL, G\AZ TFZLB H6FJMP D]N'F G\Ps5f YL l;lJ, RFZ Z:TFYL ;M;LIM ;S", ;]WLGF Z:TFGL HDLG SIFZ[ ;\5FNG SZJF DF\ VFJL T[GL DFlCTL VF5MP VF HuIFVM ;\5FNG SZJF DCFGUZ5Fl,SFGL GL :8[g0L\U SDL8LGL VG[ ;FDFgI ;EFDF\ 9ZFJ YIM CMI TM T[GL DFlCTL VF5M4 D]/ HDLG DFl,SMGF GFD VF5MP D]N'F G\Ps&f YL l;lJ, RFZ Z:TFYL ;M;LIM ;S", ;]WLGF 0FAL AFH]GL HDLGMDF\ CF, XM5L\, ;[\8ZGF AF\WSFD RF,] K[m D}/ DFl,SM 5F;[YL HuIF SIF C[T] DF8[ ;\5FNG SZJFDF\ VFJL CTL T[GL DFlCTL VFWFZ 5]ZFJF ;lCT VF5MP D]N'F G\Ps*f YL XC[Z lCTDF\ BFGUL DFl,SMGL HuIFVM lJGF D]

  • - 48 -

    JQF"DF\ S[8,F O]85F8 AGFJJFDF\ VFjIFm T[GL DFlCTL VF5MP V[SYL JW]JFZ O]85FY AGFJJF 5FK/ S[8,M BR" SZJFDF\ DFlCTL VF5MP VFJF O]85FY AGFJJF V\U[ DCFGUZ5Fl,SFGL D\H]ZL DF\UJFDF\ VFJ[, NZBF:TGL GS, VF5MP VG[ DCFGUZ5Fl,SFGL AF\WSFD ;DLTL VG[ :8[g0L\U ;DLTLV[ VFJF SFI" D\H]Z SZ[, 9ZFJGL GS, VF5MP D]N'F G\Ps)f YL O]85FY AGFJGFZ SMg8=FS8ZG[ SFDULZLGF SIF R[S G\AZ TFZLBYL GF6F\ R]SJJFDF\ VFjIF T[GL DFlCTL VF5MP D]N'F G\Ps!_f YL pWGF hMG lJ:TFZDF\ h]5058'L lJ:TFZ S[8,F K[P VF lJ:TFZDF\ ;:TF4 5F6L4 U8ZGL ;]lJWF 5FK/ K[

  • - 49 -

    DF\YL SIF SIF lJSF;GF SFD DF8[ p5IMU YIM T[GL DFlCTL VF5JF AFAT[ D/[, lG6"IYL GFZFH Y. TFP$q$qZ_!#

    GF ZMH 5|YD V5L, VZHL SZJFDF\ VFJ[,P H[ V+[ TFP5q$qZ_!# GF ZMH D/[,P

    VZHNFZzLGL V5L, VZHLGF\ VG];\WFG[ D}/ VZHLGL GS,4 VF5[, DFlCTLGL GM\W4 lJEFU ;lCT

    GS,4 VF5JF HMU 5}ZS DFlCTLGL lJUTM4 lJ,\AqlJ;\UTTFq.gSFZ CMI TM T[GL :5Q8TF;C 5CM\RTL SZJF TYF

    V5L,GF D}NF V\U[ 56 T[DGM 51F ZH] SZJF 5+ G\PZ!4 TFP!*q$qZ_!# YL HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZLVM VG[[

    GFIA .HG[ZzLVM4 ;FpYhMG spWGFfG[[ 5+ 5F9JJFDF\ VFJ[,P H[GF VG];\WFG[ HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZLVM TZOYL

    SM. lJUT V+[ 5}ZL 50FI[, CMI T[J] H6FT] GYL4 TYF VFZP8LPVF. V[S8GL S,D (4) S[ !! C[9/ .gSFZ S[

    V5JFNG\] SFZ6 H6FJ[, GYLP

    V5L, VZHLGF ;\NE"DF\ V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL VG[ SFI"5F,S .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFfGF 5+

    G\P;FPhMGq8[Sq!!_4 TFP!&q$qZ_!# YL VZHNFZG[ TFPZ$q$qZ_!# GF ZMH V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL VG[ SFI"5F,S

    .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFf ;D1F ~A~DF\ ;]GFJ6L DF8[ AM,FJ[,FP H[ AFAT[ VZHNFZLzL ELB]EF. 5LPRF{WZL

    CFHZ ZC[, G CTFP 5Z\T] HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZLVM VG[ GFIA .HG[ZzLVM CFHZ ZC[, CTFP

    vo C]SD ov

    VZHNFZGL D}/ VZHL4 V5L, VZHL T[DH p5,aW CSLST wIFG[ ,[TF GLR[ D]HAGM C]SD SZL V5L,GM

    lGSF, SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

    VZHNFZGL TFP!5qZqZ_!#GL VZHLYL DF\U[, DFlCTLGL lJUT HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZLVM VG[ GFIA

    .HG[ZM wJFZF 5}ZL 50FI[, G CMI4 VFZP8LPVF.PV[S8GL S,Dv*s&f C[9/ lJGF D}

  • - 50 -

    V5L, VZHLG\P ov ;FPhMG q5|PVq!Z4 TFP5q$qZ_!#

    VZHNFZ o zL EN=[XS]DFZ H[PN[;F.

    ;FDFJF/F o HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[Z

    OZLIFNGL CSLST ov

    lJQFI ov VZHNFZ zL EN=[XS]DFZ H[PN[;F. wJFZF VFZP8LPVF. V[S8 V\TU"TGL TFP!(qZqZ_!# GL VZHLYL DF\UJFDF\ VFJ[,4 DMH[ pWGF Z[P;PG\P !#$4 %,M8 G\P ! p5Z VFJ[, V\HGL5]+ V[5F8"D[g8GF AF\WSFD AFAT[ VFJTL AMU; VZHLGL GS, VF5JF AFATP

    ;\NE" ovs!f VZHNFZGL TFP!(qZqZ_!# GF ZMHGL D}/ VZHLP sZf VZHNFZGL TFPZ(q#qZ_!# GF ZMHGL 5|YD V5L, VZHLP H[ V+[

    TAlN, TFP5q5qZ_!# GF ZMH D/[,P s#f V5L, VZHL ;\NE[" HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZLG[ 5}T"TF SZJF DF8[ V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL wJFZF DMS,JFDF\ VFJ[, TFP!*q$qZ_!#GF ZMHGM 5+P

    VZHNFZ zL EN=[XS]DFZ H[PN[;F. wJFZF VFZP8LPVF. V[S8 V\TU"TGL TFP!(qZqZ_!# GL VZHLYL

    DF\UJFDF\ VFJ[,4 DMH[ pWGF Z[P;PG\P !#$4 %,M8 G\P ! p5Z VFJ[, V\HGL5]+ V[5F8"D[g8GF AF\WSFD AFAT[

    VFJTL AMU; VZHLGL GS, VF5JF AFAT[ D/[, lG6"IYL GFZFH Y. TFPZ(q#qZ_!# GF ZMH 5|YD V5L,

    VZHL SZJFDF\ VFJ[,P H[ V+[ TAlN, TFP5q5qZ_!# GF ZMH D/[,P

    VZHNFZzLGL V5L, VZHLGF\ VG];\WFG[ D}/ VZHLGL GS,4 VF5[, DFlCTLGL GM\W4 lJEFU ;lCT

    GS,4 VF5JF HMU 5}ZS DFlCTLGL lJUTM4 lJ,\AqlJ;\UTTFq.gSFZ CMI TM T[GL :5Q8TF;C 5CM\RTL SZJF TYF

    V5L,GF D}NF V\U[ 56 T[DGM 51F ZH] SZJF 5+ G\PZ)4 TFP!*q$qZ_!# YL HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[[ GFIA

    .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFfG[[ 5+ 5F9JJFDF\ VFJ[,P H[GF VG];\WFG[ HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL TZOYL SM. lJUT

  • - 51 -

    V+[ 5}ZL 50FI[, CMI T[J] H6FT] GYL4 TYF VFZP8LPVF. V[S8GL S,D (4) S[ !! C[9/ .gSFZ S[ V5JFNG\] SFZ6

    H6FJ[, GYLP

    V5L, VZHLGF ;\NE"DF\ V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL VG[ SFI"5F,S .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFfGF 5+

    G\P;FPhMGq8[Sq!_)4 TFP!&q$qZ_!# YL VZHNFZG[ TFPZ$q$qZ_!# GF ZMH V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL VG[ SFI"5F,S

    .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFf ;D1F ~A~DF\ ;]GFJ6L DF8[ AM,FJ[,FP H[ AFAT[ VZHNFZLzL EN=[XS]DFZ H[PN[;F.

    wJFZF ;]GFJ6L JBT[ CFHZ ZC[, VZHNFZM 5F;[ ,[JFTL ;CLGF 5+DF\ ;CL SZ[, K[P 5Z\T] ;]GFJ6L JBT[ V[5[,[8

    VlWSFZL ;FD[ ~A~ ;]GFJ6LDF\ VZHNFZ CFHZ ZC[, G CTFP 5Z\T] HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[Z

    CFHZ ZC[, CTFP

    vo C]SD ov

    VZHNFZGL D}/ VZHL4 V5L, VZHL T[DH p5,aW CSLST wIFG[ ,[TF GLR[ D]HAGM C]SD SZL V5L,GM

    lGSF, SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

    VZHNFZGL TFP!(qZqZ_!# GL VZHLYL DF\U[, DFlCTLGL lJUT HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA

    .HG[Z wJFZF 5}ZL 50FI[, G CMI4 VFZP8LPVF.PV[S8GL S,Dv*s&f C[9/ lJGF D}

  • - 52 -

    V5L, VZHLG\P ov ;FPhMG q5|PVq!54 TFP(q$qZ_!# VZHNFZ o zL WD["X ,F,HLEF. ELDF6L ;FDFJF/F o HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[ZzL

    OZLIFNGL CSLST ov

    lJQFI ov VZHNFZzL WD["X ,F,HLEF. ELDF6L wJFZF VFZP8LPVF. V[S8 V\TU"TGL TFPZ$q!ZqZ_!Z GL VZHLYL DF\UJFDF\ VFJ[,4 D]N'F G\P! YL DCFtDF UF\WL ZM0 G\P!Z 4 H{G N[ZF;ZGL AFH]DF\ RF,L ZC[, AF\WSFD SFIN[;Z K[ S[ S[Dm H[ AF\WSFD V\U[GM %,FG D\H]Z YI[, K[ S[ S[Dm H[F CF TM %,FGGL GS, VF5JF AFATP

    ;\NE" ovs!f VZHNFZGL TFPZ$q!ZqZ_!Z GF ZMHGL D}/ VZHLP sZf VZHNFZGL TFP5q$qZ_!# GF ZMHGL 5|YD V5L, VZHLP H[ V+[

    TFP(q$qZ_!# GF ZMH D/[,P s#f V5L, VZHL ;\NE[" HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZLG[ 5}T"TF SZJF DF8[ V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL wJFZF DMS,JFDF\ VFJ[, TFPZ&q_$qZ_!# GF ZMHGM 5+P

    s$f HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[Z wJFZF VZHNFZG[ 5F9JJFDF\ VFJ[, TFPZq5qZ_!# GF ZMHGM 5+P

    VZHNFZzL WD["X ,F,HLEF. ELDF6L wJFZF VFZP8LPVF. V[S8 V\TU"TGL TFPZ$q!ZqZ_!Z GL

    VZHLYL DF\UJFDF\ VFJ[,4 D]N'F G\P! YL DCFtDF UF\WL ZM0 G\P!Z 4 H{G N[ZF;ZGL AFH]DF\ RF,L ZC[, AF\WSFD

    SFIN[;Z K[ S[ S[Dm H[ AF\WSFD V\U[GM %,FG D\H]Z YI[, K[ S[ S[Dm H[F CF TM %,FGGL GS, VF5JF AFAT[ D/[,

    lG6"IYL GFZFH Y. TFP5q$qZ_!#GF ZMH 5|YD V5L, VZHL SZJFDF\ VFJ[,P H[ V+[ TFP(q$qZ_!# GF ZMH

    D/[,P

    VZHNFZzLGL V5L, VZHLGF\ VG];\WFG[ D}/ VZHLGL GS,4 VF5[, DFlCTLGL GM\W4 lJEFU ;lCT

    GS,4 VF5JF HMU 5}ZS DFlCTLGL lJUTM4 lJ,\AqlJ;\UTTFq.gSFZ CMI TM T[GL :5Q8TF;C 5CM\RTL SZJF TYF

    V5L,GF D}NF V\U[ 56 T[DGM 51F ZH] SZJF 5+ G\P#$4 TFPZ&q$qZ_!# YL HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[[ GFIA

    .HG[ZzL4 ;FpYhMG spWGFfG[[ 5+ 5F9JJFDF\ VFJ[,P

    VZHNFZGL D}/ VZHLGF ;\NE"[DF\ HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFf wJFZF

    5+ G\P;FPhMGq8[Sq!&!4 TFPZq5qZ_!# GF ZMHYL DFlCTL 5}ZL 5F0JFDF\ VFJ[, CMI T[J] H6FI K[P

  • - 53 -

    V5L, VZHLGF ;\NE"DF\ V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL VG[ SFI"5F,S .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFfGF 5+

    G\P;FPhMGq8[Sq!#&4 TFPZ&q$qZ_!# YL VZHNFZG[ TFP_#q_5qZ_!# GF ZMH V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL VG[ SFI"5F,S

    .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFf ;D1F ~A~DF\ ;]GFJ6L DF8[ AM,FJ[,FP H[ AFAT[ VZHNFZLzL WD["X ,F,HLEF.

    ELDF6L CFHZ ZC[, CTFP 5Z\T] HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[Z CFHZ ZC[, G CTFP HFC[Z DFlCTL

    VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[Z wJFZF 5+ G\P;FPhMGq8[Sq!&!4 TFPZq5qZ_!# YL DFlCTL 5]ZL 50FI[, K[P

    VZHNFZG[ ~A~ ;]GFJ6L JBT[ V[S GS, ~A~DF\ 56 VF5[, K[P

    vo C]SD ov

    VZHNFZGL D}/ VZHL4 V5L, VZHL T[DH p5,aW CSLST wIFG[ ,[TF GLR[ D]HAGM C]SD SZL V5L,GM

    lGSF, SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

    VZHNFZGL TFPZ$q!ZqZ_!Z GL VZHLYL DF\U[, DFlCTLGL lJUT HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA

    .HG[Z wJFZF 5]ZL 50FI[, CMI4 JW] SX] SZJFG]\ ZC[T] GYLP

    V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL VG[ SFI"5F,S .HG[Z ;FpYhMGspWGFf ;]ZT DCFGUZ5Fl,SF

    ;FPZPov GM0, VMlO;ZzL4 VFZP8LPVF.P DwI:Y ;[,P GPZP ov HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[ZzL szL V[RPALPl,\AF;LIFf4 ;FpYhMG spWGFf

    5|lTPPPP HF6 TYF C]SDGF VD, DF8[P GPZP ov zL VlG, ALP58[, sZ[S0" S,FS"zL4 VFZP8LP VF.P;[, ;FpYhMGspWGFf4 zL 5FZ[B sZ[S0"

    S,FS"zL4 VFZP8LP VF.P;[, ;FpYhMGspWGFf4 5|lTPPPPPHF6 DF8[P GPZP ov VZHNFZzL WD["X ,F,HLEF. ELDF6L4 5|lTPPPPPHF6 ;F~P

  • - 54 -

    V5L, VZHLG\P ov ;FPhMG q5|PVq!$4 TFP(q$qZ_!#

    VZHNFZ o zL HI\lTEF. V[DP58[, ;FDFJF/F o HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[ZzL

    OZLIFNGL CSLST ov

    lJQFI ov VZHNFZzL HI\lTEF. V[DP58[, wJFZF VFZP8LPVF. V[S8 V\TU"TGL TFPZ*q!ZqZ_!Z GL VZHLYL DF\UJFDF\ VFJ[,4 D]N'F G\P! YL pWGF UFD V\HGL5]+ V[5F8"D[g8 N[GF A[\SGL AFH]DF\ H[DF\ CF, V\0ZU|Fpg0 AF\WSFD RF,L ZC[, K[ H[GM ZLJF.h %,FG D\H]Z SZ[, K[ S[ S[Dm HM CF TM %,FGGL GS, VF5JF lJG\TLP AF\WSFD V\U[ ZHFlR9"'L VF5JF lJG\TLP p5ZMST RF,L ZC[, AF\WSFD V\U[ VF5GL SR[ZLG[ HF6 K[ S[ GCL H[ V\U[GL DFlCTL VF5JF AFATP

    ;\NE" ovs!f VZHNFZGL TFPZ*q!ZqZ_!Z GF ZMHGL D}/ VZHLP sZf VZHNFZGL TFP5q$qZ_!# GF ZMHGL 5|YD V5L, VZHLP H[ V+[

    TFP(q$qZ_!# GF ZMH D/[,P s#f V5L, VZHL ;\NE[" HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZLG[ 5}T"TF SZJF DF8[ V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL wJFZF DMS,JFDF\ VFJ[, TFPZ&q$qZ_!# GF ZMHGM 5+P

    s$f HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[Z wJFZF VZHNFZG[ 5F9JJFDF\ VFJ[, TFPZq5qZ_!# GF ZMHGM 5+P

    VZHNFZzL HI\lTEF. V[DP58[, wJFZF VFZP8LPVF. V[S8 V\TU"TGL TFPZ*q!ZqZ_!Z GL VZHLYL

    DF\UJFDF\ VFJ[,4 D]N'F G\P! YL pWGF UFD V\HGL5]+ V[5F8"D[g8 N[GF A[\SGL AFH]DF\ H[DF\ CF, V\0ZU|Fpg0 AF\WSFD

    RF,L ZC[, K[ H[GM ZLJF.h %,FG D\H]Z SZ[, K[ S[ S[Dm HM CF TM %,FGGL GS, VF5JF lJG\TLP AF\WSFD V\U[

    ZHFlR9"'L VF5JF lJG\TLP p5ZMST RF,L ZC[, AF\WSFD V\U[ VF5GL SR[ZLG[ HF6 K[ S[ GCL H[ V\U[GL DFlCTL VF5JF

    AFAT[ D/[, lG6"IYL GFZFH Y. TFP5q$qZ_!# GF ZMH 5|YD V5L, VZHL SZJFDF\ VFJ[,P H[ V+[ TAlN,

    TFP(q$qZ_!# GF ZMH D/[,P

    VZHNFZzLGL V5L, VZHLGF\ VG];\WFG[ D}/ VZHLGL GS,4 VF5[, DFlCTLGL GM\W4 lJEFU ;lCT

    GS,4 VF5JF HMU 5}ZS DFlCTLGL lJUTM4 lJ,\AqlJ;\UTTFq.gSFZ CMI TM T[GL :5Q8TF;C 5CM\RTL SZJF TYF

    V5L,GF D}NF V\U[ 56 T[DGM 51F ZH] SZJF 5+ G\P##4 TFPZ&q$qZ_!# YL HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[[ GFIA

    .HG[ZzL4 ;FpYhMG spWGFfG[[ 5+ 5F9JJFDF\ VFJ[,P

  • - 55 -

    VZHNFZGL D}/ VZHLGF ;\NE"[DF\ HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFf wJFZF

    5+ G\P;FPhMGq8[Sq!&Z4 TFPZq5qZ_!# GF ZMHYL DFlCTL 5}ZL 5F0JFDF\ VFJ[, CMI T[J] H6FI K[P

    V5L, VZHLGF ;\NE"DF\ V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL VG[ SFI"5F,S .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFfGF 5+

    G\P;FPhMGq8[Sq!#54 TFPZ&q$qZ_!# YL VZHNFZG[ TFP_#q_5qZ_!# GF ZMH V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL VG[ SFI"5F,S

    .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFf ;D1F ~A~DF\ ;]GFJ6L DF8[ AM,FJ[,FP H[ AFAT[ VZHNFZL zL HI\lTEF. V[DP58[,

    CFHZ ZC[, CTFP 5Z\T] HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[Z CFHZ ZC[, G CTFP HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL

    VG[ GFIA .HG[Z wJFZF 5+ G\P;FPhMGq8[Sq!&Z4 TFPZq5qZ_!# YL DFlCTL 5]ZL 50FI[, K[P VZHNFZG[ ~A~

    ;]GFJ6L JBT[ V[S GS, ~A~DF\ 56 VF5[, K[P

    vo C]SD ov

    VZHNFZGL D}/ VZHL4 V5L, VZHL T[DH p5,aW CSLST wIFG[ ,[TF GLR[ D]HAGM C]SD SZL V5L,GM

    lGSF, SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

    VZHNFZGL TFPZ*q!ZqZ_!Z GL VZHLYL DF\U[, DFlCTLGL lJUT HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA

    .HG[Z wJFZF 5]ZL 50FI[, CMI4 JW] SX] SZJFG]\ ZC[T] GYLP

    V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL VG[ SFI"5F,S .HG[Z ;FpYhMGspWGFf ;]ZT DCFGUZ5Fl,SF

    ;FPZPov GM0, VMlO;ZzL4 VFZP8LPVF.P DwI:Y ;[,P GPZP ov HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[ZzL szL V[RPALPl,\AFXLIFf4 ;FpYhMG spWGFf

    5|lTPPPP HF6 TYF C]SDGF VD, DF8[P GPZP ov zL VlG, ALP58[, sZ[S0" S,FS"zL4 VFZP8LP VF.P;[, ;FpYhMGspWGFf4 zL 5FZ[B sZ[S0"

    S,FS"zL4 VFZP8LP VF.P;[, ;FpYhMGspWGFf4 5|lTPPPPPHF6 DF8[P GPZP ov VZHNFZzL HI\lTEF. V[DP58[,4 5|lTPPPPPHF6 ;F~P

  • - 56 -

    V5L, VZHLG\P ov ;FPhMG q5|PVq!#4 TFP5q$qZ_!#

    VZHNFZ o zL ALP;L ;MGJ6[

    ;FDFJF/F o HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZLVM VG[ GFIA .HG[ZzLVM

    OZLIFNGL CSLST ov

    lJQFI ov VZHNFZ zL ALP;L ;MGJ6[ wJFZF VFZP8LPVF. V[S8 V\TU"TGL TFPZ)q#qZ_!# GL VZHLYL DF\UJFDF\ VFJ[,4 E[NJF0 N1F[ JZ DCFN[J D\lNZYL AF8,LAMI BFT[ VFJ[, Nl1F6 U]HZFT JLH S\5GL VMlO; ;]WLGF Z__ O]8GF Z:TFG]\ Z__5 YL VFH ;]WL YI[, l0DM,[XGGL DFlCTL VF5JF AFAT D]N'F G\Ps!f YL E[NJF0 N1F[ JZ DCFN[J D\lNZYL AF8,L AMI BFT[ VFJ[, Nl1F6 U]HZFT lJH S\5GL ;]WLGF lJ:TFZDF\ H[ l0DM,[XG YI[, K[ T[DF\ S[8,F DSFGM4 N]SFGM VG[ VMlO;M CTLm S[8[UZL 5|DF6[ T[GL IFNL VF5Mm D]N'F G\PsZf YL p5ZMST lJ:TFZDF\ H[ l0DM,[XG YI[, K[ T[ V;ZU|:TM DF\YL DCFGUZ5Fl,SFV[ S[8,F ,MSMG[ J{S

  • - 57 -

    YI[, K[ T[ V;ZU|:TM DF\YL S[8,F V;ZU|:TMG[ VFH ;]WL J{S

  • - 58 -

    V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL VG[ SFI"5F,S .HG[Z ;FpYhMGspWGFf ;]ZT DCFGUZ5Fl,SF

    ;FPZPov GM0, VMlO;ZzL4 VFZP8LPVF.P DwI:Y ;[,P GPZP ov HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZLVM VG[ GFIA .HG[ZzLVM szL VXMSP V[;P 58[,4 zL JFIPV[DP58[,4 zL

    JLP0LPRMWZLf4 ;FpYhMG spWGFf 5|lTPPPP HF6 TYF C]SDGF VD, DF8[P GPZP ov zL VlG, ALP58[, sZ[S0" S,FS"zL4 VFZP8LP VF.P;[, ;FpYhMGspWGFf4 zL 5FZ[B sZ[S0" S,FS"zL4

    VFZP8LP VF.P;[, ;FpYhMGspWGFf4 5|lTPPPPPHF6 DF8[P GPZP ov VZHNFZzL ALP;LP;MGJ6[4 5|lTPPPPPHF6 ;F~P

    V5L, VZHLG\P ov ;FPhMG q5|PVq54 TFP5q$qZ_!#

    VZHNFZ o zL C[D\T V[GPN[;F. ;FDFJF/F o HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZLVM VG[ GFIA .HG[ZzLVM

    HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ VFSFZ6L VG[ J;],FT VlWSFZLzL HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ N]SFGWFZF lGZL1FSzL HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA VFZMuI VlWSFZLzL

    OZLIFNGL CSLST ov

    lJQFI ov VZHNFZzL C[D\T V[GPN[;F. wJFZF VFZP8LPVF. V[S8 V\TU"TGL TFPZ!q!qZ_!# GL VZHLYL DF\UJFDF\ VFJ[,4 ;]PDPG 5Fl,SFGF CNJF/F lJ:TFZDF\ ;]ZT XC[ZL lJSF; ;tTF D\0/ s;]0Ff V[ H[ lJ:TFZ ZC[9F6 hMG TZLS[ HFC[Z SZJFDF\ VFJ[, CMIP VFJF ZC[9F6 hMG JF/F lJ:TFZDF\ SM.56 SZNFTF lD,STM ZC[9F6DF\ G SZL SM. 56 5|SFZGF SFZBFGF RF,] SZ[ TM VF SFZBFGF RF,] SZTF 5C[,F ;]PDPGP5FPGF SlDxGZzL 5F;[ B.P.M.C V[S8 S,D 5|SZ6 !ZG]\ lD,STGF lJGLIDM slGIDMfGL 5[8F S,D !_ D]HA 5ZJFGUL ,[JFGL OZHLIFT CMI K[P T[D KTF HM SlDxGZzLGL 5ZJFGUL JUZ SFZBFGF RF,] SZ[ TM VF SFZBFGF A\W SZFJJFGL HJFANFZL XC[Z lJSF;4 8FpG %,FGL\U VFZMuI4 U]DF:TF4 VFSFZ6L OFIZ lJEFUDF\YL SMGL VFJ[ K[P T[GL DFlCTL VF5JF AFATP

    ;\NE" ovs!f VZHNFZGL TFPZ!q!qZ_!# GF ZMHGL D}/ VZHLP sZf VZHNFZGL Z5q#qZ_!# GF ZMHGL 5|YD V5L, VZHLP H[ V+[ TAlN,

    Y. TFPZq$qZ_!# GF ZMH D/[,P s#f V5L, VZHL ;\NE[" HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZLVMG[ 5}T"TF SZJF DF8[ V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL wJFZF DMS,JFDF\ VFJ[, TFP!*q$qZ_!# GF ZMHGM 5+P

    s$f HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ VFSFZ6L VG[ J;],FT VlWSFZL wJFZF VZHNFZG[ 5F9JJFDF\ VFJ[, TFP(qZqZ_!# GF ZMHGM 5+P

    VZHNFZzL C[D\T V[GPN[;F. wJFZF VFZP8LPVF. V[S8 V\TU"TGL TFPZ!q!qZ_!# GL VZHLYL

    DF\UJFDF\ VFJ[,4 ;]PDPG 5Fl,SFGF CNJF/F lJ:TFZDF\ ;]ZT XC[ZL lJSF; ;tTF D\0/ s;]0Ff V[ H[ lJ:TFZ ZC[9F6

    hMG TZLS[ HFC[Z SZJFDF\ VFJ[, CMIP VFJF ZC[9F6 hMG JF/F lJ:TFZDF\ SM.56 SZNFTF lD,STM ZC[9F6DF\ G

    SZL SM. 56 5|SFZGF SFZBFGF RF,] SZ[ TM VF SFZBFGF RF,] SZTF 5C[,F ;]PDPGP5FPGF SlDxGZzL 5F;[

    B.P.M.C V[S8 S,D 5|SZ6 !ZG]\ lD,STGF lJGLIDM slGIDMfGL 5[8F S,D !_ D]HA 5ZJFGUL ,[JFGL

    OZHLIFT CMI K[P T[D KTF HM SlDxGZzLGL 5ZJFGUL JUZ SFZBFGF RF,] SZ[ TM VF SFZBFGF A\W SZFJJFGL

    HJFANFZL XC[Z lJSF;4 8FpG %,FGL\U VFZMuI4 U]DF:TF4 VFSFZ6L OFIZ lJEFUDF\YL SMGL VFJ[ K[P T[GL DFlCTL

  • - 59 -

    VF5JF AFAT[ D/[, lG6"IYL GFZFH Y. TFPZ5q#qZ_!#GF ZMH 5|YD V5L, VZHL SZJFDF\ VFJ[,P H[ V+[

    TAlN, Y. TFPZq$qZ_!# GF ZMH D/[,P

    VZHNFZzLGL V5L, VZHLGF\ VG];\WFG[ D}/ VZHLGL GS,4 VF5[, DFlCTLGL GM\W4 lJEFU ;lCT

    GS,4 VF5JF HMU 5}ZS DFlCTLGL lJUTM4 lJ,\AqlJ;\UTTFq.gSFZ CMI TM T[GL :5Q8TF;C 5CM\RTL SZJF TYF

    V5L,GF D}NF V\U[ 56 T[DGM 51F ZH] SZJF 5+ G\PZZ4 TFP!*q$qZ_!# YL HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZLVM VG[

    GFIA .HG[ZM TYF HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ VFSFZ6L VG[ J;],FT VlWSFZL TYF HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[

    N]SFGWFZF lGZL1FS TYF HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA VFZMuI VlWSFZL4 ;FpYhMG spWGFfG[[ 5+ 5F9JJFDF\

    VFJ[,P

    VZHNFZGL D}/ VZHLGF ;\NE"[DF\ HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ VFSFZ6L VG[ J;],FT VlWSFZL4

    ;FpYhMG spWGFf wJFZF 5+ G\P;FPhMGqVS6sVFZP8LPVF.fq(&!4 TFP(qZqZ_!# GF ZMHYL DFlCTL 5}ZL

    5F0JFDF\ VFJ[, CMI T[J] H6FI K[P

    V5L, VZHLGF ;\NE"DF\ V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL VG[ SFI"5F,S .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFfGF 5+

    G\P;FPhMGq8[Sq!_Z4 TFP!&q$qZ_!# YL VZHNFZG[ TFPZ$q$qZ_!# GF ZMH V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL VG[ SFI"5F,S

    .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFf ;D1F ~A~DF\ ;]GFJ6L DF8[ AM,FJ[,FP H[ AFAT[ VZHNFZLzL C[D\T VG[PN[;F. TYF

    HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZLVM VG[ GFIA .HG[ZM TYF HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ VFSFZ6L VG[ J;],FT VlWSFZL

    TYF HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ N]SFGWFZF lGZL1FS TYF HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA VFZMuI VlWSFZL

    CFHZ ZC[, CTFP T[VMG[ ~A~DF\ ;F\E/JFDF\ VFjIF CTFP T[VMG[ wIFG 5}J"S ;F\E/TF VZHNFZ wJFZF H6FJ[, S[

    HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ VFSFZ6L VG[ J;],FT VlWSFZL wJFZF DFlCTL 5]ZL 50FI[, K[P 5Z\T] HFC[Z DFlCTL

    VlWSFZLVM VG[ GFIA .HG[ZM TYF HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ N]SFGWFZF lGZL1FS TYF HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL

    VG[ GFIA VFZMuI VlWSFZL wJFZF DFlCTL 5]ZL 50FI[, GYLP TM T[ 5]ZL 5F0JF H6FJ[,P

    C]SD ov

    VZHNFZGL D}/ VZHL4 V5L, VZHL T[DH p5,aW CSLST wIFG[ ,[TF GLR[ D]HAGM C]SD SZL V5L,GM

    lGSF, SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

    VZHNFZGL TFPZ!q!qZ_!# GL VZHLYL DF\U[, DFlCTLGL ,FUT lJUTM HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[

    VFSFZ6L VG[ J;],FT VlWSFZL wJFZF 5]ZL 50FI[, CMI JW] SX] SZJFG] \ ZC[T] GYLP 5Z\T] DF\U[, DFlCTLGL ,FUT

    lJUTM HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZLVM VG[ GFIA .HG[ZM TYF HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ N]SFGWFZF lGZL1FS TYF

    HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA VFZMuI VlWSFZL wJFZF 5]ZL 50FI[, G CMI4 VFZP8LPVF.PV[S8GL

    S,Dv*s&f C[9/ lJGF D}

  • - 60 -

    GPZP ov HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZLVM VG[ GFIA .HG[ZzLVMszL JFIPV[DP58[,4 zL JLP0LPRF{WZL4 zL VXMS V[;P58[,4 zL V[RPALPl,\AF;LIFf4 ;FpYhMG spWGFf 5|lTPPP HF6 TYF C]SDGF VD, DF8[P

    GPZP ov HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ VFSFZ6L VG[ J;],FT VlWSFZLzL szL V[PHLPlJwJF\;f4 ;FpYhMG spWGFf 5|lTPPPP HF6 TYF C]SDGF VD, DF8[P

    GPZP ov HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ N]SFGWFZF lGZL1FSzL szL ALPS[P5JFZf4 ;FpYhMG spWGFf 5|lTPPPP HF6 TYF C]SDGF VD, DF8[P

    GPZP ov HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA VFZMuI VlWSFZLzL szL 0F" lNG[XEF. 58[,f4 ;FpYhMG spWGFf 5|lTPPPP HF6 TYF C]SDGF VD, DF8[P

    GPZP ov zL VlG, ALP58[, sZ[S0" S,FS"zL4 VFZP8LP VF.P;[, ;FpYhMGspWGFf4 zL 5FZ[B sZ[S0" S,FS"zL4 VFZP8LP VF.P;[, ;FpYhMGspWGFf4 5|lTPPPPPHF6 DF8[P

    GPZP ov VZHNFZzL C[D\T V[GPN[;F.4 5|lTPPPPPHF6 ;F~P

    V5L, VZHLG\P ov ;FPhMG q5|PVq(4 TFP5q$qZ_!#

    VZHNFZ o zL lJH[g ;LP 58[,

    ;FDFJF/F o HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ VFSFZ6L VG[ J;],FT VlWSFZLzL

    OZLIFNGL CSLST ov

    lJQFI ov VZHNFZzL zL lJH[g ;LP 58[, wJFZF VFZP8LPVF. V[S8 V\TU"TGL TFP!ZqZqZ_!# GL VZHLYL DF\UJFDF\ VFJ[,4 UFD ADZM,L GF ;J[" G\P Z*(4 UFI+LGUZGF %,M8 G\P #_ YL #5 GL SAHF Z;LNM HIFZYL p5,aW K[ tIFZYL VtIFZ ;]WL H[GF 56 GFD R-FJJFDF\ VFJ[, K[P T[JL AWL H SAHF Z;LN AFATP

    ;\NE" ovs!f VZHNFZGL TFP!ZqZqZ_!# GF ZMHGL D}/ VZHLP sZf VZHNFZGL TFPZq$qZ_!# GF ZMHGL 5|YD V5L, VZHLP H[ V+[

    TAlN, Y. TFP5q$qZ_!# GF ZMH D/[,P s#f V5L, VZHL ;\NE[" HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZLG[ 5}T"TF SZJF DF8[ V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL wJFZF DMS,JFDF\ VFJ[, TFP!*q$qZ_!# GF ZMHGM 5+P

    VZHNFZzL zL lJH[g ;LP 58[, wJFZF VFZP8LPVF. V[S8 V\TU"TGL TFP!ZqZqZ_!# GL VZHLYL

    DF\UJFDF\ VFJ[,4 UFD ADZM,L GF ;J[" G\P Z*(4 UFI+LGUZGF %,M8 G\P #_ YL #5 GL SAHF Z;LNM HIFZYL

    p5,aW K[ tIFZYL VtIFZ ;]WL H[GF 56 GFD R-FJJFDF\ VFJ[, K[P T[JL AWL H SAHF Z;LN AFAT[ D/[, lG6"IYL

    GFZFH Y. TFPZq$qZ_!ZGF ZMH 5|YD V5L, VZHL SZJFDF\ VFJ[,P H[ V+[ TAlN, Y. TFP5q$qZ_!# GF ZMH

    D/[,P

    VZHNFZzLGL V5L, VZHLGF\ VG];\WFG[ D}/ VZHLGL GS,4 VF5[, DFlCTLGL GM\W4 lJEFU ;lCT

    GS,4 VF5JF HMU 5}ZS DFlCTLGL lJUTM4 lJ,\AqlJ;\UTTFq.gSFZ CMI TM T[GL :5Q8TF;C 5CM\RTL SZJF TYF

    V5L,GF D}NF V\U[ 56 T[DGM 51F ZH] SZJF 5+ G\PZ54 TFP!*q$qZ_!# YL HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[[

    VFSFZ6L VG[ J;],FT VlWSFZL4 ;FpYhMG spWGFfG[[ 5+ 5F9JJFDF\ VFJ[,P H[GF VG];\WFG[ HFC[Z DFlCTL

    VlWSFZL TZOYL SM. lJUT V+[ 5}ZL 50FI[, CMI T[J] H6FT] GYL4 TYF VFZP8LPVF. V[S8GL S,D (4) S[ !!

    C[9/ .gSFZ S[ V5JFNG\] SFZ6 H6FJ[, GYLP

    V5L, VZHLGF ;\NE"DF\ V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL VG[ SFI"5F,S .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFfGF 5+

    G\P;FPhMGq8[Sq!_&4 TFP!&q$qZ_!# YL VZHNFZG[ TFPZ$q$qZ_!# GF ZMH V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL VG[ SFI"5F,S

  • - 61 -

    .HG[Z4 ;FpYhMG spWGFf ;D1F ~A~DF\ ;]GFJ6L DF8[ AM,FJ[,FP H[ AFAT[ VZHNFZLzL lJH[g ;LP58[, CFHZ

    ZC[, G CTFP 5Z\T] HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ VFSFZ6L VG[ J;],FT VlWSFZL CFHZ ZC[, CTFP

    vo C]SD ov

    VZHNFZGL D}/ VZHL4 V5L, VZHL T[DH p5,aW CSLST wIFG[ ,[TF GLR[ D]HAGM C]SD SZL V5L,GM

    lGSF, SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

    VZHNFZGL TFP!ZqZqZ_!# GL VZHLYL DF\U[, DFlCTLGL lJUT HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ VFSFZ6L

    VG[ J;],FT VlWSFZL wJFZF 5}ZL 50FI[, G CMI4 VFZP8LPVF.PV[S8GL S,Dv*s&f C[9/ lJGF D}

  • - 62 -

    V5L, VZHLG\P ov ;FPhMG q5|PVq&4 TFP&q$qZ_!#

    VZHNFZ o zL V~6 V[;P5F9S ;FDFJF/F o HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[ZzL

    OZLIFNGL CSLST ov

    lJQFI ov VZHNFZzL V~6 V[;P5F9S wJFZF VFZP8LPVF. V[S8 V\TU"TGL TFP!#q#qZ_!# GL VZHLYL DF\UJFDF\ VFJ[,4 D]N'F G\Ps!f YL S0MNZF U|FD 5\RFIT lJ:TFZDF\ VFJTF lG,D CM8,GL 5FK/ VFJ[, S[GF, 5F;[ VFJ[, ;tID4 lXJD4 ;]\NZD VG[ ZFDN[J Z[;L0g;L GFDGL ;M;FI8LGF HuIFV[ *q!Z VG[ (vV GL V[8[:8[0 GS, ;FY[ p5ZMST ;M;FI8LG[ ;ZSFZ wJFZF VF5JFDF\ VFJ[, lJSF; 5ZJFGUL VG[ AF\WSFD DF8[ VF5[, D\H]ZL %,FGGL GS, TYF ZHFlR9'LGL V[8[:8[0 GS,M VF5XM TYF HM p5ZMST ;M;FI8L U[ZSFIN[;Z AGFJ[, CMI TM VF5GL SR[ZL wJFZF p5ZMST U[ZSFIN[;Z ;M;FI8LDF\ YI[, AF\WSFD lJ~wW H[ SF\. 56 SFI"JFCL SZ[, CMI T[GL ;\5}6" DFlCTL VF5XMP D]N'F G\PsZf YL S0MNZF BFT[ VFJ[, ;\HLJGL CMl:58,GL AFH]DF\ S[GF,GL 5F;[ lT~5TL Z[;L0[g;LG[ VF5GL SR[ZL wJFZF VF5[, lJSF; 5ZJFGUL VG[ AF\WSFD AFAT[ VF5[, ZHFlR9'LGL GS, ;FY[ ,[ VFp8 %,FGGL V[8[:8[0 GS, VF5XM TYF CF, p5ZMST lT~5lT ;M;FI8LDF\ S[8,]\ AF\WSFD YI[, K[ T[GL .g:5[SXGGL DFlCTL VF5XMP D]N'F G\Ps#f YL RMIF";L TF,]SFGF N[JW BFT[ VFJ[, a,MS G\PZ*4 XLZ0LWFD ;M;FI8LDF\ YI[, U[ZSFIN[;Z AF\WSFD AFAT[ VF5[, GM8L;GF VG];\WFG[ VF5zL wJFZF H[ S\. 56 SFI"JFCL SZJFDF\ VFJ[, CMI T[GL ;\5}6" DFlCTL VF5XMP D]N'F G\Ps$f YL RMIF";L TF,]SFGF N[JWGF a,MS G\PZ( zLNX"G ;M;FI8LDF\ YI[, U[ZSFIN[;Z AF\WSFD AFAT[ VF5[, GM8L; AFAT[ VF5GL SR[ZL wJFZF H[ S. 56 SFI"JFCL SZJFDF\ VFJ[, CMI T[GL ;\5}6" DFlCTL VF5XMP D]N'F G\Ps5f YL JZ[,L U|FD 5\RFITDF\ VFJTF JZ[,L BF0L 5F;[ VFJ[, ;F\.NX"G ;M;FI8LG[ ;ZSFZzL wJFZF VF5[, lJSF; 5ZJFGUL TYF AF\WSFD DF8[GL ZHFlR9'L TYF %,FGGL V[8[:8[0 GS, ;FY[ CF, p5ZMST ;M;FI8LDF\ S[8,]\ AF\WSFD YI[, K[ T[GF .g:5[SXGGL ;\5}6" lJUTJFZ DFlCTL VF5XMP D]N'F G\Ps&f YL RMIF";L TF,]SFGF UE[6LGF a,MS G\P$Z* DF\ zL lXJ ;F. Z[;L0[g;L4 lJv! GFDGL ;M;FI8LDF\ %,M8 5F0L J[RJFDF\ VFJL ZCI]\ CMI p5ZMST ;M;FI8LG[ ;ZSFZzL wJFZF VF5[, lJSF; 5ZJFGULGL GS, VF5XM TYF p5ZMST HuIFGL *q!Z VG[ (vV G[ V[8[:8[0 GS, VF5XM TYF p5ZMST HDLG CF, SIF C[T]DF\ J5ZFI ZCL K[ T[GL ;\5}6" DFlCTL VF5XMP D]N'F G\Ps*f YL RMIF";L TF,]SFGF UE[6LGF a,MS G\PZZ_ DF\ zL lXJ;F. Z[;L0[g;L4 lJvZ4 GF GFD[ %,M8 5F0L A]SL\U SZJFDF\ VFJL ZCI]\

  • - 63 -

    CMI H[YL p5ZMST ;M;FI8LG[ ;ZSFZzL wJFZF VF5[, lJSF; 5ZJFGULGL GS, VF5XM TYF p5ZMST HDLG CF, SIF C[T] DF8[ J5ZFI ZCL K[ TYF HDLGGF *q!Z VG[ (vV GL V[8[:8[0 GS, VF5JF AFATP

    ;\NE" ovs!f VZHNFZGL TFP!#q#qZ_!# GF ZMHGL D}/ VZHLP H[ V+[ TAlN, Y. TFP#_q#qZ_!# TYF $q$qZ_!# GF ZMH D/[,P

    sZf VZHNFZGL TFP&q$qZ_!# GF ZMHGL 5|YD V5L, VZHLP s#f V5L, VZHL ;\NE[" HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZLG[ 5}T"TF SZJF DF8[ V[5[,[8 VlWSFZL wJFZF DMS,JFDF\ VFJ[, TFP!*q$qZ_!# GF ZMHGM 5+P

    s$f HFC[Z DFlCTL VlWSFZL VG[ GFIA .HG[Z wJFZF VZHNFZG[ 5F9JJFDF\ VFJ[, TFP$q$qZ_!# GF ZMHGM 5+P

    VZHNFZzL V~6 V[;P5F9S wJFZF VFZP8LPVF. V[S8 V\TU"TGL TFP!#q#qZ_!# GL VZHLYL

    DF\UJFDF\ VFJ[,4 D]N'F G\Ps!f YL S0MNZF U|FD 5\RFIT lJ:TFZDF\ VFJTF lG,D CM8,GL 5FK/ VFJ[, S[GF, 5F;[

    VFJ[, ;tID4 lXJD4 ;]\NZD VG[ ZFDN[J Z[;L0g;L GFDGL ;M;FI8LGF HuIFV[ *q!Z VG[ (vV GL V[8[:8[0 GS,

    ;FY[ p5ZMST ;M;FI8LG[ ;ZSFZ wJFZF VF5JFDF\ VFJ[, lJSF; 5ZJFGUL VG[ AF\WSFD DF8[ VF5[, D\H]ZL %,FGGL

    GS, TYF ZHFlR9'LGL V[8[:8[0 GS,M VF5XM TYF HM p5ZMST ;M;FI8L U[ZSFIN[;Z AGFJ[, CMI TM VF5GL SR[ZL

    wJFZF p5ZMST U[ZSFIN[;Z ;M;FI8LDF\ YI[, AF\WSFD lJ~wW H[ SF\. 56 SFI"JFCL SZ[, CMI T[GL ;\5}6" DFlCTL

    VF5XMP D]N'F G\PsZf YL S0MNZF BFT[ VFJ[, ;\HLJGL CMl:58,GL AFH]DF\ S[GF,GL 5F;[ lT~5TL Z[;L0[g;LG[ VF5GL

    SR[ZL wJFZF VF5[, lJSF; 5ZJFGUL VG[ AF\WSFD AFAT[ VF5[, ZHFlR9'LGL GS, ;FY[ ,[ VFp8 %,FGGL V[8[:8[0

    GS, VF5XM TYF CF, p5ZMST lT~5lT ;M;FI8LDF\ S[8,]\ AF\WSFD YI[, K[ T[GL .g:5[SXGGL DFlCTL VF5XMP D]N'F

    G\Ps#f YL RMIF";L TF,]SFGF N[JW BFT[ VFJ[, a,MS G\PZ*4 XLZ0LWFD ;M;FI8LDF\ YI[, U[ZSFIN[;Z AF\WSFD

    AFAT[ VF5[, GM8L;GF VG];\WFG[ VF5zL wJFZF H[ S\. 56 SFI"JFCL SZJFDF\ VFJ[, CMI T[GL ;\5}6" DFlCTL

    VF5XMP D]N'F G\Ps$f YL RMIF";L TF,]SFGF N[JWGF a,MS G\PZ( zLNX"G ;M;FI8LDF\ YI[, U[ZSFIN[;Z AF\WSFD

    AFAT[ VF5[, GM8L; AFAT[ VF5GL SR[ZL wJFZF H[ S. 56 SFI"JFCL SZJFDF\ VFJ[, CMI T[GL ;\5}6" DFlCTL

    VF5XMP D]N'F G\Ps5f YL JZ[,L U|FD 5\RFITDF\ VFJTF JZ[,L BF0L 5F;[ VFJ[, ;F\.NX"G ;M;FI8LG[ ;ZSFZzL

    wJFZF VF5[, lJSF; 5ZJFGUL TYF AF\WSFD DF8[GL ZHFlR9'L TYF %,FGGL V[8[:8[0 GS, ;FY[ CF, p5ZMST

    ;M;FI8LDF\ S[8,]\ AF\WSFD YI[, K[ T[GF .g:5[SXGGL ;\5}6" lJUTJFZ DFlCTL VF5XMP D]N'F G\Ps&f YL RMIF";L

    TF,]SFGF UE[6LGF a,MS G\P$Z* DF\ zL lXJ ;F. Z[;L0[g;L4 lJv! GFDGL ;M;FI8LDF\ %,M8 5F0L J[RJFDF\ VFJL

    ZCI]\ CMI p5ZMST ;M;FI8LG[ ;ZSFZzL wJFZF VF5[, lJSF; 5ZJFGULGL GS, VF5XM TYF p5ZMST HuIFGL

    *q!Z VG[ (vV G[ V[8[:8[0 GS, VF5XM TYF p5ZMST HD