p admin system pre-spanish 01

7/29/2019 P Admin System Pre-Spanish 01

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PRE-SPANISHPERIOD

Administrative System


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Barangays

Datus Maharlikas Alipin

"The village chief or datu was theadministrative leader of the

community.


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He was not an absolute ruler.

First, the scope of his authority was limitedby a traditional body of customs and

procedures.

Second, although his position had becomehereditary, it was originally attained by theexhibition of greater prowess and valor,traits useful to the community's survival..


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Since the original basis for leadership washis superior personal attributes, he could bereplaced if, for some reason weakened.

This was a possibility especially in largercommunities where there were severalkinship groups, each with its own chief.


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Spanish Period



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The Spanish East Indies were ruled as aterritory of theViceroyalty of New Spainand administered from Mexico City,Mexico from 1565 to 1821.

Administered directly from Madrid, Spainfrom 1821 until the end of the Spanish

American War in 1898, except for thebriefBritish occupation of the Philippinesfrom 1762 to 1764.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_East_Indieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_New_Spainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexicohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madridhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_occupation_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_occupation_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madridhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexicohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_New_Spainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_East_Indies


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Spanish colonization and settlement beganwith the arrival ofMiguel Lpez de Legazpi'sexpedition in 1565 who established the firstpermanent settlement of San Miguel on theisland ofCebu.

They established new towns and thus began

an era ofSpanish colonization that lasted formore than three centuries.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_colonizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel_L%C3%B3pez_de_Legazpihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cebuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cebuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel_L%C3%B3pez_de_Legazpihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel_L%C3%B3pez_de_Legazpihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel_L%C3%B3pez_de_Legazpihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel_L%C3%B3pez_de_Legazpihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel_L%C3%B3pez_de_Legazpihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_colonization


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The fragmented nature of the islands made iteasy for Spanish colonization. The Spanishthen attempted to bring political unificationto the Philippine archipelago via the

conquest of the various states but they wereunable to subjugate the sultanates ofMindanao and the tribes and highlandplutocracy of the Ifugao of Northern Luzon.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanaohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanaohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanates


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At the lower levels of administration, the Spanish builton traditional village organization by co-opting localleaders. This system of indirect rule helped create anindigenous upper class, called the principalia, who hadlocal wealth, high status, and other privileges.

This perpetuated an oligarchic system of local control.Among the most significant changes under Spanish rulewas that the indigenous idea of communal use andownership of land was replaced with the concept of

private ownership and the conferring of titles onmembers of the principalia.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_classhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principaliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligarchyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligarchyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principaliahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_class


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American Regime



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U.S. administration of the Philippines wasalways declared to be temporary and aimed todevelop institutions that would permit andencourage the eventual establishment of a freeand democratic government.

Therefore, U.S. officials concentrated on thecreation of such practical supports fordemocratic government as public education,

public infrastructure, and a sound legal system.


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The first legislative assembly was elected in1907, and a bicameral legislature, largelyunder Filipino control, was established.

A civil service was formed and was graduallytaken over by the Filipinos, who had effectivelygained control by the end of World War I.


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In 1935, under the terms of the Tydings-McDuffie Act, the Philippines became a self-governing commonwealth.

Manuel Quezon was elected president of thenew government, which was designed toprepare the country for independence aftera 10-year transition period.


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On July 4, 1946, the Philippine Islandsbecame the independent Republic of thePhilippines, in accordance with the terms ofthe Tydings-McDuffie Act.


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p admin system pre-spanish 01

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