ozone layer depletionibenvironmental.weebly.com/.../notes_ozone_depletion.pdf · 2019-11-11 ·...
TRANSCRIPT
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Ozone layer Depletion
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TheAtmosphere• Thisisourprotectiveblanketofgasses.
– 78%Nitrogen(N2)– 21%Oxygen(O2)– Proportionallysmallamountsofcarbondioxide,watervaporandothertracesubstances
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AtmosphericGases
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TheAtmosphere-Layers• Troposphere– Layerinwhichwelive– Mostweatheroccurshere
• Cloudsformherecontributingtothealbedoeffect
– 90%ofthegassesarehere– 78%nitrogen,21%oxygen– Temperaturedecreaseswithaltitudeuntilthenextlayerisreached
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• Stratosphere– 6-31milesinaltitude– Calm– Airtrafficduetolackofweather
– Temperatureincreaseswithaltitude
– Ozonelayer(oxygenisconvertedtoO3bylightningand/orsunlight)
– 99%ofultravioletradiation(especiallyUV-B)isabsorbedbythestratosphere
TheAtmosphere-Layers
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OzoneLayer• Presentinthestratosphere• AbsorbsUVradiation(99%)• Comprisedofahighconcentrationof03molecules.– Oxygenexistsin3formsintheatmosphere:O3,O2,andO.
– OzoneisbeingcontinuouslyformedanddecomposedduetotheenergyfromUVrays.O3+UVàO2+OàO3
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Ozone• OzoneisO3• Naturallyoccurringinthestratosphere.• TheabsorptionofenergyfromUVrayscausestheformationanddeformationofO3.
• Withoutanthropogenicinputsthesystemisinequilibrium
O3O2+O
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OzoneStratosphericOzone• Naturallyoccurring.• BeneficialtolifeonEarth
• Createsaprotectivelayerthatabsorbs99%ofUVradiationinsunlight
TroposphericOzone• Alsocalledground-levelozone
• Anthropogenic• DoesNOTmigratetotheatmosphere
• SecondaryAirpollutant• Respiratoryirritant,eyeirritant,damagesplants
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DestructionofAtmosphericOzone
• ThegroupofmoleculesthatareinthiscategoryareoftenreferredtoasODS(OzoneDepletingSubstances)
• Anthropogenicsources:– CFCs– Halocarbons/Halons
• Usedinfireretardants• Foam-blowinginsulation
• 1chlorinecandestroy100,000ozonemolecules
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CFCs• Chlorofluorocarbon• TrademarknameisFreon• CFCshavestablestructureswhichallowthemtomigratethroughthetroposphere
• TheyarebrokendownwhenexposedtostrongUVradiation
• Usedin– Refridgerants– Propellants/aerosols– Gasblownplastics(Styrofoam)– Pesticides– Flameretardants
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CCl3F+UVàCl+CCl2F
Cl+O3àClO+O2
ClO+0àCl+O2
Repeatedmanytimes
SummaryofCFCReactions
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VideoofOzoneDepletion
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V7eDjqJ7vsY
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Thinningozone
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EffectsofThinningOzoneLayer
EnvironmentalEffects• GreaterUVradiation
damagesphotosyntheticorganisms(especiallyphytoplankton)decreasingprimaryproductivity
• Sunburnsanimals• Cataracts/blindnessin
animals
HumanHealthEffects• Sunburn/skincancer• Cataracts(eyedamage)• Wrinkles• Decreasedimmune
response
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PollutionManagement
• Recyclingrefrigerants• Findingalternativestogas-blownplastics,halogenatedpesticides,propellantsandaerosols
• Developingnon-propellantalternatives
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MontrealProtocol• Internationaltreatytoprotecttheozonelayerbyphasingoutmaterialsbelievedtocausethedepletionofstratosphericozone
• HasbeenVERYsuccessful.Ozonelayerisshowingsignsofrecovery
• BansCFCsandhalons• Includesseveralgroupsofsubstances,allofthemincludingchlorineorbromine.