Minnesota Pollution Control AgencyMarch 2, 2011

John Seltz

• Background

• Periodic wood use survey

• Initiation of effort to “Improve air quality”

• A few other things

BackgroundBackground• Minnesota has trees in the NE 2/3 of the state

• Minnesota is cold in winter

• Minnesota is home to several OWB manufacturers

• The state (and locals) has been concerned with overall wood smoke levels - but at a low level since wood use appeared to be decreasing

• The advent of OWBs 10 years ago changed things

• Over 50% of wood complaints are about OWBs which constitute a much smaller fraction of wood burning appliances

• An OWB may emit more PM2.5 than many of the permitted sources in the state.

• We have the same problems as other cold wooded midwestern states

• We haven’t developed a good response yet

RESIDENTIAL FUELWOOD ASSESSMENT

STATE OF MINNESOTA

2007 – 2008 Heating Season

Sponsors:

Northern Research Station Division of Forestry

Forest Inventory and Analysis

Assessment of Residential Fuelwood CombustionAssessment of Residential Fuelwood Combustion5 Survey Regions – 1500 households5 Survey Regions – 1500 households

Wood Use vs. Energy CostsWood Use vs. Energy Costs

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Residential Biomass Fuel Burned During 2007-2008 Heating Season

Metro

Greater MN

0.00E+00

5.00E-08

1.00E-07

1.50E-07

2.00E-07

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3.00E-07

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Metro Aspen-Birch CentralHardwoods

Northern Pine Prairie

PM2.

5 Em

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er A

rea

(Ton

s/m

2)PM2.5 Emissions from Residential Wood Combustion Appliances by

Region of the State in Tons/meter squared (2008 Emission Inventory; 2007-2008 Survey Data)

OutdoorWoodBurnDevice

OutdoorHydronicHeater

IndoorFurnace:NonCert

Woodstove:Pellet

Woodstove:Cat

Woodstove:NonCat

Woodstove:NonCert

FireplaceInserts:Cat

FireplaceInsert:NonCat

FireplaceInserts:NotCert

Fireplace

Backyard recreational fires

EPA certified wood stoves (catalyzed)

Fireplaces

““Improve Air Quality” Strategic ObjectiveImprove Air Quality” Strategic Objective

• High level agency strategy started 2 years ago and now a focus of agency efforts

• Target reductions in statewide risk from air toxics by developing strategies to reduce emissions and concentrations of identified risk drivers by end of 2010

• Reduce man-made (combustion) emissions of PM2.5 and precursors (NOx and SO2) to PM2.5

• Not directly tied to AQ standard violations

11

Modeled inhalation cancer risk

• all pollutants

• all sources:pointarea mobile

• Process:

• Identify pollutants

• Identify sources of these pollutants

• Internal team prioritize sources according to chosen criteria (emissions, risk, feasibility of control, etc.)

Pollutants affecting many people – likely the most Pollutants affecting many people – likely the most important air pollutants affecting human healthimportant air pollutants affecting human health

• Acrolein• Diesel PM • Dioxins/Furans• Formaldehyde• PAHs• PM2.5

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Charbroil-CommercialCook

3% PrescribedBurn4%

Other Area6%

OpenBurn-ClearBrushLeaf

5%

BurnBarrels8%

Residential Wood

Combustion28%

Other Primarily Nonroad Mobile

Exhaust5%

Locomotive2%

Const&Mining-distillate

3%

Recreational Eqpt/Boats

4%

AgTractors7%

Heavy Duty Diesel Vehicle (most 8a&8b)

4%

Industrial Coal2%

ElectricCoal4%

KraftPulpRecovery Furnace

4%Other Point Src

11%

MN Statewide 2005 Direct PM2.5 Emissions (Excluding Most Non-Combustion Sources)

Total = 41,600 tons

Area

Point

Nonroad Mobile

Onroad Mobile

Receptor Modeling Source ApportionmentReceptor Modeling Source Apportionment

Revised 10/2010 16

Source Selection ProcessSource Selection ProcessUsed group ranking process considering

• Health impacts

• Cobenefits

• Ease of implementation

• Actions (regulatory or otherwise) that will likely impact pollutant levels

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Residential Wood Combustion

PM2.5Dioxins/Furans (TEF)

PAHs (BaP) Acrolein VOCs

28 4 54 12 11

% of total statewide emissions from this source

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Sources with potentially high health impacts that emit several Sources with potentially high health impacts that emit several pollutants of concern pollutants of concern

Diesel (mobile) •Semi-trailers, delivery trucks, buses, etc •Construction & mining equipment

Gasoline light duty vehicles & trucks

Residential Wood Combustion

Residential garbage & land clearing debris

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion (distillate oil / IC engines)

•Commercial/Institutional•Industrial

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Next StepsNext Steps

• Develop additional technical details

• Investigate partnerships

• Adjust advisory structure

• Develop and implement reduction strategies

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Other MPCA ActionsOther MPCA Actions• Website

• Advice to locals – many cities have adopted OWB and backyard fire restrictions

• Very limited enforcement from MPCA

• Hopeful that EPA will adopt regs to close the barn door on dirty OWBs – if not we may act

• Working with LADCO to better assess OWB impacts and develop tools to help us and locals address existing problems

ENDEND

Health impacts• Source affects a large number of people• Effects could be severe • Source could disproportionately impact more

vulnerable populations• Could result in very high exposure concentrations at

some receptors

Ranking CriteriaRanking Criteria

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Ranking CriteriaRanking Criteria

Cobenefits

• Addressing this source for the priority pollutants (6 kaizen pollutants, precursors & ozone) could benefit climate change or reduce energy use

• Source emits significant amounts of multiple priority pollutants (6 Kaizen pollutants, precursors & ozone)

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Ranking CriteriaRanking Criteria

Implementation • Controls and/or mitigations are available & feasible • MPCA has primary authority/responsibility• Programs / staff already in place• Willing partners may exist

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Ranking CriteriaRanking CriteriaLikelihood of future reductions

• Sources are not likely to be addressed through future regulation or existing or future programs

—existing sources

—new sources

Residential garbage burning (& land clearing debris)

PM2.5 Dioxins/Furans (TEF) PAHs (BaP) Formaldehyde

13 67 22 5

% of total statewide emissions from this source

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Link to RWC Fuel use SurveyLink to RWC Fuel use Survey• http://files.dnr.state.mn.us/forestry/um/residentialfu

elwoodassessment07_08.pdf