ovor080218 end of waste criteria for compost

8/6/2019 Ovor080218 End of Waste Criteria for Compost

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Document description

1. Title of publication

Belgian point of view regarding the end-of-waste criteria for compost

2. Responsable Publisher 3. Number of pages

Henny De Baets, OVAM, Stationsstraat 110, 2800 Mechelen 32

4. Legal deposit number 5. Number of tables and figures

D/2008/5024/16 2 tables and 3 figures

6. Publication series 7. Date of publication

Februari 2008

8. Key words

Biomass, composting, digestion, separate collection, end-of-waste criteria

9. Summary

In the present draft of the Frameworkdirective for Waste, European Commission has introduced a proposal todevelop end-of-waste criteria for some wastestreams such as aggregates, metal scrap and compost. Regarding tocompost, Belgium/OVAM has always been in favour for a Biowaste directive, also stimulating separate collection ofbiowaste. This document gives an overview of our arguments and vision, and also gives an overview of the courantsituation in Flanders.

10. Supervision

Mieke De Schoenmakere, Vlaco vzw

11. Contact

Mieke De Schoenmakere (015/284.344)

12. Other publications about the same subject

The use of data from this document is allowed with acknowledgement.

The document is published on the OVAM-website: www.ovam.be


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Belgian point of view regarding theend-of-waste criteria for compost


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Table of contents

1 Introduction on the Belgian situation _________________________ 4

2 Belgian point of view regarding the end-of-waste criteria for compost5

3 Overview of the Flemish situation ____________________________ 7

3.1 The Historical background and legislation of composting in Flanders7

3.2 Separate collection, composting plants, compost use and marketing:

some figures ____________________________________________________ 7

3.3 Quality assurance of compost _______________________________ 11

3.4 Other legislation concerning compost_________________________ 17

4 Conclusions_____________________________________________ 18

5 Annexes________________________________________________ 19

5.1 Secondary raw materials ___________________________________ 19

5.2 Appendix 4.2.1. of the VLAREA _____________________________ 23

5.3 PARAMETERS___________________________________________ 24

5.4 PARAMETERS___________________________________________ 24


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In Belgium waste legislation is a competence of the Regions. Belgium has threeregions: Flanders, Brussels and Wallonia.

Looking to e.g. the density of the population and industrial activities there is quite adifference between the regions, which has a significant influence on the possibilityto organise e.g. separate collection of biological waste. This is reflected in thecurrent situation: for example, the Brussels region which is urban area, has noseparate collection of vegetable-, fruit- and garden waste.

This document gives an extensive overview of the situation in Flanders and ismade in the Flemish region by OVAM (Public waste agency of Flanders) in closecooperation with Vlaco (Flemish compost organisation).

The point of view on the end-of-waste criteria for compost although, is the Belgianpoint of view and is supported by the three regions.

1 Introduction on the Belgian situation


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Across Europe biowaste accounts for approximately 30 to 40% of municipal solidwaste and is the largest household fraction. On a quantitative basis this equates tomore than 100 million tonnes per year. Currently, this important soil resource isoften wasted and landfilled together with municipal waste.

Compost and fermentation residues derived from separately collected biowasteplay an important role in the balance of organic matter in soils. Many areas inEurope have a low and in parts alarmingly low organic matter content. According toestimates, 45% of all soils in Europe are already affected by a negative balance oforganic matter. In compensation for this deficit, biocompost and fermentationresidues are especially suited. It can be expected that due to climate change andthe resulting increase in extreme weather conditions, in combination with a growthin intensive plant production with decreasing animal husbandry, there will be a

higher demand for organic matter.

Through the separate collection of biowaste and its application as compost inagriculture, mineral fertilizers can be subsituted by 8% to 10%. Thus not only non-renewable resources for plant nutrients (for example phosphorous) are saved, butalso peat from upland moors.

Moreover, the separate collection of biowaste and its composting or fermentationserves as applied climate protection. With good reason the EU Landfill Directive1999/31/EC demands the gradual EU-wide diversion of biodegradable waste fromlandfills by 65%. In conventional landfills, biowaste is responsable for the formationof climate-relevant methane gas. In Europe, landfills, are a major source ofmethane emissions. With the extension of the separate collection of biowaste, an

effective contribution to the reduction of methane emissions from landfills cantherefore be achieved, thus supporting climate protection. The reduction oflandfilling biodegradable waste by 65% in Europe 15 (EU 15) alone could save 74million tonnes of CO2-equivalent gasses. Apart from that, there is a considerablereduction of CO2-emissions due to the replacement of mineral fertilizers whichneed to be produced in energy intensive processes based on fossil fuels.

In March 2007, the workshop in Sevilla obviously showed that the EC no longerhad the intention in coming back to the idea of working on a stand-alone BiowasteDirective.

However, we are convinced that there are many reasons why only a stand-aloneBiowaste Directive combined with clear standards is the good solution concerningthe management of biowaste.

It must be emphasized that the EP has strongly pleaded for the adoption of alegislative act in his vote in first reading in the revision of the waste frameworkdirective and his resolution about the thematic strategy on soil protection.Commisioner Dimas himself has not closed the door to such an approach duringthe debate that was held on the ENVI Council on June 28th 2007.

Member States and their administrations need a legal framework as a backup forinitiatives in order to implement a sound management of biowaste and adding tosoil protection.

Please find below an overview and a description of the current situation in Flandersand how biological waste is managed.

2 Belgian point of view regarding theend-of-waste criteria for compost


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A combination of separate collection of biowaste, quality-assurance-systems anddefined standards leads to an exellent result: compost of excellent quality whichhelps us to deal with matters as obtaining the goals of the landfill directive.


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3.1 The historical background and legislation ofcomposting in Flanders

In the Flemish Region in the last two decades, the Public Waste Agency (OVAM)has given very active attention with regards to biowaste treatment, composting andsustainable use of compost. The Flemish waste management philosophy is builtupon the principle of the Lansink ladder: prevention > recuperation > wastetreatment for recycling > incineration > landfill. Separate collection has been infocus in Flanders from the early nineties. It is nowadays still important, but thefocus has shifted towards prevention since the late 1990s. Flanders was one of thefirst EC member states to imply the landfill directive strategically. Whereas in thebeginning compost was produced from mixed residual waste, with poor market

opportunities and severe quality shortfall (chemical, physical, microbiological),gradually the quality of the produced compost has improved, not only due to pre-and post-treatment but rather because of strict acceptation rules. In the beginning,the product standards for compost as described in the VLAREA (FlemishRegulation on Waste Prevention and Management) (cfr. Annex 1) were rarely met.Separate collection initiatives in the Flemish Region have been very successfulsince then. In the early nineties, the municipalities and inter-municipal wasteassociations were obliged to implement the separate collection from households foreither green waste or VFG waste (vegetable, fruit and garden waste). In that time,sorting analyses showed that about half of the residual waste consisted of anorganic-biological fraction. Together with the setting up of systems for separatecollection, the treatment plants were built in the early nineties. Further investmentsand efforts in separate collection and treatment of biowaste, driven by legislative

rather than sheer economical aspects, resulted in new experiences andsatisfactory results. Nowadays the composting plants in Flanders produce highquality compost in all cases fit as a soil improver and growing medium, inagriculture, horticulture, private households, landscaping,

A key factor in the Flemish waste legislation is the non-dilution principle:composting plants can not be used as a solution for getting rid of pollutedsubstances: only biowaste that fulfils the end product standards can be acceptedas an input material. Furthermore the treatment of (bio)waste should not divert theproblems to other environmental compartments. Closing the cycle for biowaste alsoimplies proper use of the end product and a decent control system.

3.2 Separate collection, composting plants,compost use and marketing: some figures

In the Flemish waste legislation, different types of biowaste are described:

a) green waste: separately collected compostable organic waste from privategardens, sport pitches, landscaping, parks, verge grass cutting,

Green waste is obtained by door-to-door collection from households, orcarried by civilians to municipal recycling parks, from where it istransported towards green composting plants. Green waste from

landscaping, public parks, sport pitches, verge cutting, is presented atthe gate of professional green waste composting plants. The input in greenwaste composting plants is limited to green waste by waste legislation.

3 Overview of the Flemish situation


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b) VFG waste: separately collected Vegetable, Fruit and Garden waste fromprivate households. In specific regions in the Flemish region, the door-to-door collection of VFG waste is carried out. There is a limitative list ofinputs that are allowed to be a fraction of this VFG waste: the compostablefraction of catering waste from plant origin (potatoe peelings, vegetableand fruit leftovers, nut shells, coffee filters and content, ), small and softgarden waste (e.g. chopped prunings from shrubs and hedges, grass,leafs, weeds, ) as well as ornamental plants and sawdust. Not allowedare timber wood, unchopped wood, bones and animal (by-)products,nappies, soil, fat and oil, stove ashes, coal, plastics, metal, cans,

c) industrial organic waste including industrial sludge: originating fromindustrial (food and feed), agricultural or scientific processes that can be of

plant or animal origin. Expelled from professional composting plants for theproduction of fertilisers or soil improvers are sewage sludge, sludge fromdrinking water production, septic sludge,

These several types of waste (separate collection as a prerequisite) are clearlyrelated to the definition of different compost types: green compost, VFG-compostand OBA-compost (compost produced with other inputs e.g. industrial biowaste ormanure). However, the process of composting as an activity, meaning theautothermic and thermophilic biological decomposition in the presence of oxygenunder controlled conditions, plays also an important role in the definition of the endproduct. Unstable and immature product resulting from an incomplete or sub-optimal treatment process is not likely to be defined under the definition ofcompost. Therefore clear supervision of the treatment process (both internally and

externally) and product testing is necessary.

Compost cannot be produced from mixed municipal waste, even when proper post-treatment techniques should be available.

Separate collection and treatment of both green waste and VFG waste have knowna considerable growth since the introduction of separate collection in Flanders(Figure 1). In 2006 approximately 500.000 tonnes of green waste has beencollected and treated into green compost. The collection and treatment of VFGwaste was about 320.000 tonnes in 2006. The historical stocks of green wastefrom the past have also been straightened out. Since 2002, for the production ofVFG-compost, a maximum of 25% co-treatment of industrial biowaste with VFG-waste is allowed when it is not causing negative involvement on the compost

quality.


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0

100.000

200.000

300.000

400.000

500.000

600.000

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

collection VFG waste

collection green waste

treatment of VFG waste

treatment of green waste

treatment of industrial biowaste

Figure 1: History of separate collection and biowaste treatment in Flanders

In total in 2006, an amount of over 330.000 tonnes of compost was produced inFlanders. As far as the market of this compost is concerned (see Figure 2), over94% of this compost is destined for local use (6% export). As supported by thewaste legislation, local re-use is preferable. Only relatively small amounts ofcompost are used on agricultural soil (9%) which is mainly caused by theimplementation of a strict nutrient regulation as an outcome of the NitratesDirective. Quite some compost finds its way back to the households as it is used inprivate gardens.


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13%

8%

20%

9%8%

34%

6% 2%landscaping

public green

private garden

agriculture

potting soil

wholesale

export

other

Figure 2: Marketing of Flemish compost from treated biowaste in 2006

In 2006 in the Flemish region, 35 professional composting plants accounted for thecompost production with an average treatment capacity of 16.792 tonnes/year of

green waste and 39.817 tonnes/year of VFG waste respectively. These treatmentplants are more or less equally distributed over the surface of the Flemish region(Figure 3). About 8 other plants are producing OBA-compost or other types offertiliser or soil improver based on other input than separately collected biowaste,of which some are digestion plants.


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Figure 3: The professional composting plants in the Flemish region, 2006

Most of the 26 green composting plants are open windrow composting systems.The period of composting exceeds 3 months, with a minimum of 4 turnings perbatch. The 9 VFG-composting plants treat the VFG-waste in closed tunnels orhalls, at least during the period of intensive biological decomposition. Maturing cantake place in covered or uncovered rows.

The last 3 years, there is an increase in the construction of treatment plants forbiothermic drying and anaerobic digestion. These plants are mainly focused on thetreatment of manure, as a result of the Flemish Manure Decree which forces thetreatment of animal manure for export of nutrients from the Flemish region.Biowaste is in many cases co-treated with animal manure.

3.3 Quality assurance of compost

From the point of view that the production of compost (resulting from thecommitment of separate collection and obligation for treatment) should go hand inhand with the reasoned use of compost, the Flemish Public Waste Agencysupported the initiation of VLACO, the Flemish Compost Association, anindependent non-profit membership organisation bringing together thestakeholders with activities related to prevention, collection and treatment ofbiowaste (OVAM, compost producers, municipalities and inter-municipalities). Thetwo main work domains of VLACO NPO are compost quality assurance and compostmarketing.

Since its start-up in 1992, VLACO NPO has considered quality as a key issue. Aquality assurance system (QAS) has been put in place, which is obligatory for all


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professional composting and digestion plants in Flanders. This QAS is based onthe principles of integral chain management. The QAS takes into account allaspects of the composting chain, from the acceptance of biowaste, the quality ofthe treatment process, end product quality up to customer support for a reasoneduse. The outcome of the QAS on treatment plant level is one or several productcertificates, showing that the compost is produced according to the criteria set up inthe certification scheme and the waste legislation. Without the control certificate,treated biowaste cannot be used as a secondary material. Control of compliancewith this certification scheme is done through means of regular audits and productsampling.

The choice for setting up a certification scheme not only based on product analysisbut over viewing the whole process from input to output is supported by risk

minimalisation. Infinite sampling and analysis of compost is practically andeconomically impossible. Moreover, in a suboptimal treatment process, the productstandards (which are rather strict in Flanders) will be met with more difficulty.Therefore, in the QAS monitored by VLACO, control certificates are granted totreatment plants when the treatment complies with the control points, and theproduct analyses show that the end product tests are in conformity with the productstandards. A parameter that has a direct impact on the product quality is thebiowaste fraction being treated. In the Flemish waste regulation, the origin of thisbiowaste fraction is clearly defined as the separately collected organic fraction ofhousehold waste (VFG waste) and green waste. Regular sorting analyses are doneby the waste management associations and composting plants to ensure theintrinsic quality of the input material. There are intensive promotion and informationcampaigns in Flanders about recycling and separate collection of biowaste,

ensuring the basis for a high compost quality. The main drivers for the successfulcompost story in Flanders are not of pure economical origin, but integrate socialand environmental aspects as well.

The most important aspects of the VLACO quality assurance system are:

(a) a strict acceptance protocol(b) process management according to ISO-principles(c) quality monitoring of the end product(d) reasoned use of the end products

(a) a strict acceptance protocol

Treatment plants must have procedures describing the acceptance of inputs forgreen waste composting or VFG waste composting. Only separately collectedbiowaste is allowed to be used as an input. Regular sorting analyses must becarried out. Treatment contracts exists between all professional biowaste treatmentplants and the municipalities or inter-municipalities, which guarantees the intrinsicquality of the input material. Through visual control at the gate and regular sortingtests of the biowaste being presented, treatment plants ensure an input stream ofcontinuous high quality. In case of non-conformity with the acceptance criteria, thebiowaste is refused, and the cause of incompliance has to be dealt with. Thequality of separately collected biowaste from households, if insufficient, can beadequately improved through sensitizing and information campaigns. Theacceptance of a fraction of industrial biowaste from food industries is only possible

when regular analyses on agricultural and environmental parameters are carriedout.


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(b) process management according to ISO-principles

VLACO VZW has set up a QAS for professional treatment plants of biowasteaccording to the principles of the ISO 9000 certification standard and integral chainmanagement. The whole chain of biowaste treatment, from input quality over thetreatment process and quality assessment of the end products is monitored usingan integral quality management system, set in place on every treatment plant.Experience showed that a quality assessment only based on end product testing isinsufficient. Non-conformities are reported and countered with adequate measuresensuring a progressive improvement of the quality of the production. Registration ofthe key aspects (dates, batch numbers, type and quality of input material, processparameters e.g. temperature, management actions e.g. turning, sieving, ) leadsto an auto control system that allows tracking and tracing of the products. During

the important step of hygienisation of the biowaste, temperature and managementare to be over watched very closely. Through regular auditing by VLACO, theimplementation of the quality aspects by the composting plants are over looked.

Moreover, other legislation on regional, federal or European level (e.g. the AnimalBy-products Regulation 1774/2002, the intended EPPO-guidelines for treatment ofbiowaste of plant origin) also suggest the importance of a well-founded QAS ontreatment plant level together with adequate and sufficient product testing.

The outcome of the system audits together with continued product testing can leadto a control certificate, approving that the products are in accordance with thequality requirements.

(c) quality monitoring of the end product

The VLAREA-legislation for use of treated biowaste as a secondary material(fertiliser or soil improver) sets up limit values for the most important environmentalparameters, both organic (PAH, PCB, volatile compounds, ) and inorganic(heavy metals) (see Annex 1). The VLACO QAS is based on limit values that areeven stricter than these values, and carries along parameters indicating theagronomic importance of the end products (nutrients, soil organic matter) as wellas the physical and biological quality aspects (impurities, viable seeds, stability). Intable 1, the quality standards for green compost are shown, in table 2 thestandards for VFG compost. Nutrient composition is tested and to be declared tothe user, not regulated.

The necessary samples are taken by VLACO and offered for analysis in accreditedlaboratories using recognised methods. The amount of samples necessary pertreatment plant is calculated on the basis of biowaste input. When several producttypes are produced at the same location, the sampling and analysis protocol iscarried out by VLACO on all product types. The outcome of 1 analysis is alwayscompared to the product standards, but the decision about certification is based ona progressive set of sample results, with quality objectives that are stricter than theproduct standards. By reviewing several product analysis results on a continuoustime scale, the certification body (VLACO NPO) is able to observe temporal productincompliance. This can be related to non-conform process parameters which mustbe solved in a plan of action. Solitary product analysis reports are insufficientsources of information for assessing a compost production plant. Compost is notonly a product, but the result of a controlled and sustainable biological treatmentprocess of separately collected biowaste.


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Besides the analyses carried out by VLACO NPO, the treatment plants arethemselves obliged to take product samples for internal quality assurance.

(d) reasoned use of the end products

Not only the composition of the end product is a possible risk from point of view ofenvironmental or public health matters, also the unreasoned use could pose aproblem, e.g. excessive application rates with undesired side effects such asphytotoxicity, nutrient overshoot or imbalance, Therefore, the VLACO NPO QASimposes the professional composting plants to inform the consumers about the useof the product(s), in all possible applications. This is done by an information leafletmentioning the composition, usual application rates, application manner, hygienic

safety,

The integration of quality assurance measures all along the production chain ofcompost, with strong emphasis on product input, regular product testing andreasoned use of product output, enhances the possibility to assure environmentaland public health safety. This is guaranteed through the issuing of controlcertificates for the different products by VLACO.


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Table 1 : Vlaco-standards for green compost

QO*

Percentile Standard Unit

GENERAL PARAMETERS

Entrance through a 40 mm sieve - - >99 %

Dry matter >50 20 >45 weight %

Organic matter >16 20 >14 weight %

pH (water) - - 6,5 - 9,5 -

HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATION

Arsenic


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Table 2 : Vlaco-standards for VFG compost

QO*

Percentile Standard Unit

GENERAL PARAMETERS

Entrance through a 40 mm sieve - - >99 %

Dry matter >50 20 >45 weight %

Organic matter >16 20 >14 weight %

pH (water) - - 6,5 - 9,5 -

HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATION

Arsenic


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3.4 Other legislation concerning compostBecause of the agricultural value of compost and digestate, the end products of abiological treatment process of biowaste are subject to the Belgian Federal lawembedded in a Royal Decree concerning the trade of fertilisers, soil improvers andsubstrates. The product standards are similar to those set up in the VLACO QAS,and the control elements (testing procedures, product parameters, terms of use,) in both legislations are smoothly tuned to each other. The sampling andanalysis protocol carried out in the VLACO QAS is used as a background forcompliance with federal law on fertilisers. For compost and digestion residue, aderogation needs to be obtained from the Belgian Federal Public Service Health,Food Chain Safety and Environment, which is impossible without the controlcertificate granted by VLACO.

In execution of the European Nitrates Directive, the Flemish Communitypromulgated a decree limiting the use of nutrients in Flemish agriculture (FlemishManure Decree = Decree concerning the protection of water against the pollutionby nitrates from agricultural sources). According to this decree, compost anddigestion residue from aerobic or anaerobic treatment of separately collectedbiowaste (without co-treatment of animal manure) is considered as an organicfertiliser as it contains nitrogen and phosphorus. The application dose allowed inagriculture is hereby limited, all the more because of the excessive production ofanimal manure in the Flemish region, which creates a competition for deposition onthe available surface. Because of beneficial effects of the use of compost againstprevention of soil erosion (through enrichment with stable organic carbon), anannual extra compost application is allowed in some situations. High competitionbetween animal manure and compost due to this decree is the main reason of thepoor marketing potential of compost on agricultural land in Flanders.

The Animal By-Products Regulation EC 1774/2002 is determining whenever animalby-products are involved. As far as the green composting plants are involved, theco-treatment of biowaste of animal origin is prohibited (see definition of greenwaste) by regional waste law (VLAREA). Besides, the majority of the VFGcomposting plants are not recognised for the treatment of animal by-products. Thisis because some inter-municipalities have explicitly excluded animal by-productsby using the definition of VFG waste (vegetable, fruit and garden waste withexclusion of catering waste), and is in some cases affirmed by the environmentalpermit not allowing the treatment of biowaste of animal origin. Only few biowastetreatment plants in Flanders have actually chosen for a recognition according to theEC 1774/2002, allowing to treat animal by-products through composting oranaerobic digestion.


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The positive experience with biological treatment of biowaste in Flandersthroughout the years learns that biowaste treatment for re-use and compostproduction are in fact one and the same. The production of high quality compostusing biowaste cannot be guaranteed on the basis of pure product sampling tests,without having information about the production circumstances. This wouldespecially become a problem when different types of compost with varying qualitylevels would be produced. When cutting the link between waste treatment andcompost production, some biowaste of unsuitable origin threatens to becomeallowed as it would pose compliance with the product standards through dilutionwith co-treated material. Dilution is not the solution for pollution is a slogan thatclearly reflects the point of view of the Flemish waste legislation: biowaste as aninput for biological treatment must meet the same standards as the end product(compost or digestion residue). History showed that the quality of compost could be

improved just by mastering the input list of biowaste, especially by sensitizingpublic households and/or private companies for a proper separate collection ofbiowaste. Throughout the years, a solid confidence has grown between producersand consumers of compost, based on information exchange, knowledge abouttreatment processes and input materials, confidence in the existing certificationschemes,

When letting treated biowaste go as a product (transformed into a compost ordigestion residue) the social corner-stone of sustainable waste treatment is lost.Moreover, in a global market, compost locally produced is able to travel around theworld. This is only an acceptable case when several conditions are met, e.g.transport towards regions with soil organic matter shortage, global benchmarking ofcompost quality assurance (based on both product and process control), The

strength of compost is not only determined by the direct beneficial product effects(slow nutrient release, soil physical improvement) but also by the indirectbackground of sustainable product recycling.

We can conclude that there are several reasons why a separate biowaste directivewould create added value to existing Community and national legislation:

- High quality compost cannot be reached by product standards alone. Thechain as a whole needs to be managed. If not, we risk that low standardcompost will be placed on the market, creating uneven competition andjeopardising local collection and treatment schemes. A biowaste directive thatlays down common standards for the chain as a whole is necessary forcreating this level playing field.

- The Flemish case has shown that composting of biowaste has contributedconsiderably to lowering the amount of biodegradable waste going to landfills.A biowaste directive will contribute to the reduction targets that have been laiddown in the Landfill Directive.

- Composting is a treatment option that is as important as incineration as analternative option. And the environmental risk of low standard composting canbe as high as of low standard incineration. Therefore it would be natural thatthe incineration directive has its counterpart in a biowaste directive.

- A biowaste directive will help achieve the European Unions goals in tacklingclimate change.

4 Conclusions


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5.1 Secondary raw materialsThe VLAREA (Flemish Regulation on Waste Prevention and Management)contains a list of waste materials that may be used as secondary raw materialsprovided that they suffice with regard tot the conditions determined in appendix4.2.1. (specific for the use as fertiliser of soli-improving substance).

A waste material loses the status of waste material and becomes a secondary rawmaterial from the time of it meeting the set conditions.

Appendix 4.1.LIST OF WASTE MATERIALS COMING INTO CONSIDERATION FOR USE AS ASECONDARY RAW MATERIALS

Section 1.Use in or as a fertiliser or soil-improving substance

NAME OFTHE WASTE MATERIAL

SOURCE ANDDESCRIPTION

CONDITIONSRELATING TOCOMPOSITIONAND/OR USE

"Earth foam" from sugarrefining plants

sugar refining plant -obtained during the refiningof sugar, mainly consistingof calcium carbonate,

organic substances andwater

article 4.2.1.1

Lime ash residual ash from lime burning, with calcium oxideas main component andpossibly also calciumhydroxide and calciumcarbonate

article 4.2.1.1

Calcium sulphate obtained with the production of phosphoric and/or citricacid, and which contains

hydrated calcium sulphate

article 4.2.1.1 -certificate for usecompulsory

Harvested mushroomcompost

mushroom farms - organicmedium remaining after thecultivation of fieldmushrooms

article 4.2.1.1

Tree bark compost licensed establishment for the composting of barkwaste obtained by removingbark from trees

article 4.2.1.1

Vinasse, vinasse extract, kali

vinasse and chicory vinasse

yeast production plant -

syrupy residue resultingfrom digested treacle,extract obtained from

article 4.2.1.1

5 Annexes


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vinasse by the addition ofammonium sulphate orobtained during theproduction of inulin

Fish meal, animal meal,feather meal, bone meal,wool, fish solubles,substances obtained duringhide processing, galalith inpowder form, horn meal,leather flour, blood meal orother substances of animal

origin to be permitted

accredited or registeredprocessing plant for animalwaste materials includingblood

article 4.2.1.1 -certificate for usecompulsory - animalwaste regulations

Dried cocoa, tobacco andcoffee waste

natural stimulants industry -obtained with the processingof cocoa beans, coffeebeans and tobacco and withthe preparation oftheobromine from cocoawaste through the additionof calcium

article 4.2.1.1

Deposited double salt ofpotassium sulphate and

calcium sulphate (if thisinvolves the addition of amagnesium salt , add "withmagnesium salt")

industrial citric acidproduction - obtained from

rinsing citric acid

article 4.2.1.1 -certificate for use

compulsory

Oil cake meal extraction of vegetable oils -obtained when extracting oilby pressing oil-bearingseeds

article 4.2.1.1

Malt shoots malthouse article 4.2.1.1

Treated sewage sludge see article 1.1.1, 2, 52 articles 4.2.1.1 and

4.2.1.2 - certificate foruse compulsory

Calcium-containing sludge water treatment - obtainedduring the preparation ofdrinking water or processwater from raw water


Vegetable, fruit and gardenwaste and vegetationcompost

licensed establishment forthe composting orfermentation of vegetable,fruit and garden waste withat most 25% of organic

biological industrial waste orof organic waste originatingfrom gardens and parks,

article 4.2.1.1 - disposeof a test certificategranted by the non-profit organisationVLACO (1) or subject to

a similar quality control(2)


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public or otherwise, andverges

Compost or digestate oforganic biological industrialwastes

licensed establishment forthe composting orfermentation of organicbiological industrial wastes,possibly in combination withanimal manure

article 4.2.1.1 - disposeof a test certificategranted by the non-profit organisationVLACO (1) or subject toa similar quality control(2)

Filter cake Foodstuffs industry -obtained from the filtration of

food products on inorganicfilter mediums(diatomaceous earth, perlite,bleaching earth, Y)

article 4.2.1.1

Hydrolysed protein forfertiliser

aroma production - obtainedfrom the hydrolysis ofproteins

article 4.2.1.1

Sludge from natural stoneprocessing

produced during the sawing,grinding, polishing andsmoothing of calciferousnatural stone

article 4.2.1.1

Fermentation filter cake Fermentation industry -obtained with fermentation


Potassium mother liquor methionine production -liquid substance in whichpotassium is present aspotassium carbonate andpotassium bicarbonate

article 4.2.1.1

Solution containingammonium chloride

glycine production -obtained from the

preparation of the aminoacid glycine

article 4.2.1.1

Ground steel slag steel industry - calciumsilicophosphates originatingfrom the treatment of castiron

article 4.2.1.1

Dried and ground inorganiccalcium-containing foodremains

originating from a licensedprocessing plant forseparately collectedeggshells, crustaceans, Y


Flax dust, cereal dust flax industry, cereal industry article 4.2.1.1

Manure originating from animals notconsidered to be livestock

article 4.2.1.1


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according to the ManureDecree, and not from testanimals

Sterilised and dried mixtureof sewage sludge, animalwaste and animal manure

accredited or registeredprocessing plant for animalwaste materials includingblood

articles 4.2.1.1 and4.2.1.2 - certificate foruse compulsory -animal wasteregulations

1. Vlaamse CompostOrganisatie v.z.w. - Flemish compost organisation (non-profitassociation).2. Certification and inspection carried out by an institution having the requiredcompetence for the material concerned. At least the same control procedures andthe same guarantees as with a VLACO inspection must be present. The controlprocedure bears on both the internal quality control (acceptance policy, registrationof all deliveries and removals, quality control) and the external control of this by anaccredited independent institution. The "same guarantees" is understood to meanthat the operator of the recovery installation must have the necessary licences toensure compliance with all relevant regulations concerning environmentalprotection and agricultural quality.


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5.2 Appendix 4.2.1. of the VLAREA

CONDITIONS RELATING TO COMPOSITION AND USEAS FERTILISER OR SOIL-IMPROVING SUBSTANCE

Appendix 4.2.1.A.

1. COMPOSITION CONDITIONS MAXIMUM LEVELS OFPOLLUTANTS

METALS (1)

1.1. PARAMETERS TOTAL CONCENTRATION (2) (mg/kg dry substance)

Arsenic (As) 150

Cadmium (Cd) 6

Chromium (Cr) 250

Copper (Cu) 375

Mercury (Hg) 5

Lead (Pb) 300

Nickel (Ni) 50

Zinc (Zn) 900

1. the concentration applies for the metal and its compounds expressed in metal2. determination of the metal concentration according to WFC method 2/II/A.3,included in the Compendium for Sampling and Analysis.

1.1.1. MONOCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS

1.1. PARAMETERS TOTAL CONCENTRATION (3) (mg/kgdry substance)

Benzene 1,1

Ethylbenzene 1,1

Styrene 1,1

Toluene 1,1

Xylene 1,1

3. determination of the concentration of organic pollutants according to the methodincluded in part 3 of the Compendium for Sampling and Analysis (WFC).


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2.1.1. POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS

PARAMETERS TOTAL CONCENTRATION (3) (mg/kg dry substance)

Benzo(a)anthracene 0,68

Benzo(a)pyrene 1,1

Benzo(ghi)perylene 1,1

Benzo(b)fluoranthene 2,3

Benzo(k)fluoranthene 2,3

Chrysene 1,7

Phenanthrene 0,9

Fluoranthene 2,3

Indeno(1,2,3cd)pyrene 1,1

Naphthalene 2,3

3. determination of the concentration of organic pollutants according to the methodincluded in part 3 of the Compendium for Sampling and Analysis.

3.1.1. OTHER ORGANIC SUBSTANCES

PARAMETERS TOTAL CONCENTRATION (3) (mg/kg dry substance)

Monochlorobenzene 0,23

Dichlorobenzene 0,23

Trichlorobenzene 0,23

Tetrachlorobenzene 0,23

Pentachlorobenzene 0,23

Hexachlorobenzene 0,23

1,2-dichloroethane 0,23

Dichloromethane 0,23

Trichloromethane 0,23

Trichloroethene 0,23


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Tetrachloromethane 0,23

Tetrachloroethene 0,23

Vinylchloride 0,23

1,1,1-trichloroethane 0.23

1,1,2 -trichloroethane 0.23

1,1-dichloroethane 0.23

Cis+trans-1,2-dichloroethane 0.23

Hexane 5.5

Heptane 5.5

Octane 5.5

Extractable organohalogen compounds(EOX)

20

Mineral oil 560

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB as S 7congeners)

0.8

3. determination of the concentration of organic pollutants according to the methodincluded in part 3 of the Compendium for Sampling and Analysis/LI>

Appendix 4.2.1.B

GEBRUIKSVOORWAARDEN

CONDITIONS FOR USE MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE SOIL DOSAGE

METALS (1)

1.5. PARAMETERS SOIL DOSAGES (g/ha/year) (2)

Arsenic (As) 300

Cadmium (Cd) 12

Chromium (Cr) 500

Copper (Cu) 750

Mercury (Hg) 10

lead (Pb) 600


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nickel (Ni) 100

Zinc (Zn) 1.800

1. the concentration applies for the metal and its compounds expressed in metal.2. determination of the metal concentration according to WFC method 2/II/A.3,included in the Compendium for Sampling and Analysis.

5.1.1. MONOCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS


Benzene 2,2

Ethylbenzene 2,2

Styrene 2,2

Toluene 2,2

Xylene 2,2


6.1.1. POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS


Benzo(a)anthracene 1,36

Benzo(a)pyrene 2,2

Benzo(ghi)perylene 2,2

Benzo(b)fluoranthene 4,6

Benzo(k)fluoranthene 4,6

Chrysene 3,4

Phenanthrene 1,8

Fluoranthene 4,6

Indeno(1,2,3cd)pyrene 2,2

Naphthalene 4,6



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7.1.1. OTHER ORGANIC SUBSTANCES


Monochlorobenzene 0,46

Dichlorobenzene 0,46

Trichlorobenzene 0,46

Tetrachlorobenzene 0.46

Pentachlorobenzene 0.46

Hexachlorobenzene 0.46

1.2 dichloroethane 0,46

Dichloromethane 0,46

Trichloromethane 0,46

Trichloroethene 0,46

Tetrachloromethane 0,46

Tetrachloroethene 0,46

Vinylchloride 0,46

1,1,1-trichloroethane 0.46

1,1,2 -trichloroethane 0.46

1,1-dichloroethane 0.46

Cis+trans-1,2-dichloroethane 0.46

Hexane 11

Heptane 11

Octane 11

Extractable organohalogen compounds(EOX)

40

Mineral oil 1120

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB as S 7congeners)

1.6

3. determination of the concentration of organic pollutants according to the method

included in part 3 of the Compendium for Sampling and Analysis.


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Appendix 4.2.1.C

SPECIFIC CONDITIONS FOR THE USE OF TREATED SLUDGE AS FERTILISER

OR SOIL-IMPROVING SUBSTANCE

1. TREATED SEWAGE SLUDGE

Treated sludge must have undergone at least one of the following treatments to beclassified as treated purification sludge:

* mesophilic anaerobic fermentation under the following conditions:

-temperature: 35C;

- average renewal time: 15 days;

* liquid storage at ambient temperature in a batch, without addition or extractionduring the 3-month storage period;

* The sludge must at least reach a factor 100 reduction for Escherichia coli;

* aerobic stabilisation (with a minimum dissolved oxygen concentration of over 1ppm):

- simultaneous, i.e. in the same basins as the waste water treatmentitself, with a sludge load < or = 0.06 kg BOD/kg sludge/day or avolume load < or = 0.25 kg BOD/m3/day;

-separately, i.e. in a separate basin for this purpose, with a hydraulicrenewal time of 10 days;

* addition of lime to obtain a homogenous mixture of lime and sludge. The mixturereaches pH > 12 immediately after the addition of lime and is to maintain the pHvalue of at least 12 over a 24-hour period;

* thermal drying to guarantee a sludge particle temperature over 80C with areduction of water content to less than 10%;

Other treatment methods may be approved by OVAM if it can be shown that theresult obtained by means of such treatment is at least equivalent to the result of thetreatment methods specified above. The relevant process parameters must bemeasured at least daily and continually if at all practical continually. Themeasurement data shall be kept available for inspection by the supervisory officials

2. SAMPLING OF TREATED SLUDGE

Treated sludge must be sampled after processing, but before delivery to the user,and should be representative of the sludge production.

3. ANALYSIS OF TREATED SLUDGE

As a general rule treated sludge must be analysed at least every six months. If

changes occur in the quality of the processed waste water, the frequency of theseanalyses must be doubled.


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Without prejudice to the parameters summarised in appendix 4.2.1.B the followingparameters are to be analysed:

* dry substance;* degree of acidity;* organic substance;* nitrogen;* diphosphorus pentoxide.

The analysis is to take place according to methods included in the Compendium forSampling and Analysis.

4. SOIL SAMPLING

The representative soil samples for analysis should normally be made up by mixingtogether 25 core samples taken over an area not exceeding 5 hectares which isfarmed for the same purpose.

The samples must be taken to a depth of 25 cm unless the depth of the surface soilis less than that value; however, the sampling depth in the latter case must not beless than 10 cm.

5. SOIL ANALYSIS

Soil samples from utilised agricultural areas are analysed for acidity, diphosphorus

pentoxide and the parameters summarised in VLAREBO. The analysis is to takeplace according to methods included in the Compendium for Sampling andAnalysis.

Appendix 4.2.1.D

METALS (1) MAXIMUM CONCENTRATION IN REFERENCE SOIL (2) (mg/kg drysubstance)

Arsenic (As) 22

Cadmium (Cd) 0.9

Chromium (Cr) 46

Copper (Cu) 49

Mercury (Hg) 1,3

Lead (Pb) 56

Nickel (Ni) 18

Zinc (Zn) 162


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1. the concentration applies for the metal and its compounds expressed in metal.The determination of the metal concentration is to be performed according to WFCmethod 2/II/A.3. included in the Compendium for Sampling and Analysis.

2. Reference soil contains a level of 10% clay for the mineral components and alevel of 2% organic material for the air-dry soil.

The maximum values for treated sludge to be used as soil depend on themeasured concentrations of clay and organic material in representative samples ofthe waste. The conversion of the maximum values takes place on the basis of theformula below:

CONVERSION FORMULA

M (x,y) = M (10,2) + (x-10)* B + (y-2)*C

where:

M maximum value with a clay level of x% or 10% and a level of organicmaterial of y% or 2%;

x level of clay in the sample of the waste;

y level of organic material in the sample of the waste;

M (10,2) maximum value in reference soil, i.e. with 10% clay and 2% organicmaterial (table of numeric values in appendix 4.2.1.D);

B en C coefficients dependent on the metal in question, as specified in thetable below.

1.9. METALS 1.10. B 1.11. C

Arsenic 0,5 0

Cadmium 0,03 0,05

Chromium 0,6 0

Copper 0,3 0

Mercury 0,0046 0

Lead 0,3 2,3

Nickel 0,2 0,3

Zinc 1,1 2,3

The formula above may only be used in the following conditions:

* the measured clay content level must be between 1% and 50%;* the measured organic materials content level must be between 1% and

20%.


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If the measured clay content level is below 1%, the calculation must be performedwith a presumed clay content level equal to 1%. If the measured clay content levelis over 50%, the calculation must be performed with a presumed clay content levelequal to 50%.

If the measured organic materials content level is below 1%, the calculation mustbe performed with a presumed organic materials content level equal to 1%. If themeasured organic materials content level is over 20%, the calculation must beperformed with a presumed organic materials content level equal to 20%.

ovor080218 end of waste criteria for compost

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