oviedo l. et al. (2011). critical foraging habitats of pantropical spotted dolphins (stenella...
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7/28/2019 Oviedo L. et al. (2011). Critical foraging habitats of pantropical spotted dolphins (Stenella attenuata graffmani) in a tropical fjord: Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica. PPT Presentation. S
1/21
Lenin E. Oviedo Correa1,2, David Herra-Miranda2, Juan Diego Pacheco-Polanco2,
Maria Gabriela Silva2 and Leszek Karczmarski1
1. Cetacean Ecology Lab. The Swire Institute of Marine Science, The University of Hong Kong
2. Vida Silvestre Golfo Dulce, Golfo Dulce Costa Rica
Critical Foraging Habitats of Pantropical Spotted
Dolphins (Stenella attenuata graffmani) in a Tropical
Fjord: Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica
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7/28/2019 Oviedo L. et al. (2011). Critical foraging habitats of pantropical spotted dolphins (Stenella attenuata graffmani) in a tropical fjord: Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica. PPT Presentation. S
2/21
Lenin Enrique Oviedo Correa
PhD CandidateCetacean Ecology Lab
The Swire Institute of Marine Science
The University of Hong Kong
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7/28/2019 Oviedo L. et al. (2011). Critical foraging habitats of pantropical spotted dolphins (Stenella attenuata graffmani) in a tropical fjord: Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica. PPT Presentation. S
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Predictable Resources
Resident Communities
Small Areas
Predator Risk Reduced
Scramble Competition: High
Small Group Sizes
Variable Resources
Wide-Ranging Communities
Predator Risk High
Scramble Competition
reduced by
Cooperative Foraging
Large groups
Intermediate Communities
Habitat structure influences the energy acquisition and predation risk
Karczmarski et al 2005; Gowans, Wrsig, Karczmarski 2008
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7/28/2019 Oviedo L. et al. (2011). Critical foraging habitats of pantropical spotted dolphins (Stenella attenuata graffmani) in a tropical fjord: Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica. PPT Presentation. S
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Critical Habitats:Areas with properties that facilitatepopulation ecological fitness
Foraging
ForagingBreeding
LowHigh
Density
m3
m2
m1
1 - m2
1 m1Modified from Hoyt (2011)
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7/28/2019 Oviedo L. et al. (2011). Critical foraging habitats of pantropical spotted dolphins (Stenella attenuata graffmani) in a tropical fjord: Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica. PPT Presentation. S
5/21
The identification of critical habitats for local cetacean fauna
represents the basis of the design and implementation of
Marine Protected Areas.
Dolphin Foraging Habitat Assessment off Osa
Peninsula and Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica
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7/28/2019 Oviedo L. et al. (2011). Critical foraging habitats of pantropical spotted dolphins (Stenella attenuata graffmani) in a tropical fjord: Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica. PPT Presentation. S
6/21
Costa
Rica
Golfo Dulce: Tropical Fjord
Eastern
TropicalPacific
Golfo Dulce DEM by Amaru Marques Artavia
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7/28/2019 Oviedo L. et al. (2011). Critical foraging habitats of pantropical spotted dolphins (Stenella attenuata graffmani) in a tropical fjord: Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica. PPT Presentation. S
7/21
Sightings data were collected opportunistically off Osa
Peninsula (2001-2006, n= 1247) and through systematic
surveys in Golfo Dulce (2005-2011, n= 102).
Oviedo et al (2009) REVMAR
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7/28/2019 Oviedo L. et al. (2011). Critical foraging habitats of pantropical spotted dolphins (Stenella attenuata graffmani) in a tropical fjord: Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica. PPT Presentation. S
8/21
Regional (meso) scale S. a. graffmani
GIS + NNI + Kernel Density Estimate
Sightings data were collected opportunistically off Osa
Peninsula (2001-2006, n= 1247) and through systematic
surveys in Golfo Dulce (2005-2011, n= 102).
Regional (meso) scale S. a. graffmani
GIS + NNI + Kernel Density Estimate
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7/28/2019 Oviedo L. et al. (2011). Critical foraging habitats of pantropical spotted dolphins (Stenella attenuata graffmani) in a tropical fjord: Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica. PPT Presentation. S
9/21
Regional (meso) scale S. a. graffmani Local (fine) scale S. a graffmani
GIS + NNI + Kernel Density Estimate Behavior + Spatiotemporal Patterns
Sightings data were collected opportunistically off Osa
Peninsula (2001-2006, n= 1247) and through systematic
surveys in Golfo Dulce (2005-2011, n= 102).
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7/28/2019 Oviedo L. et al. (2011). Critical foraging habitats of pantropical spotted dolphins (Stenella attenuata graffmani) in a tropical fjord: Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica. PPT Presentation. S
10/21
Objectives:
Identify areas of critical importance to dolphins (application of
behavioral and spatial ecology)
Contribute to an ecosystem based framework that integrates
the current needs of non consumptive use of resources
Regional (meso) scale S. a. graffmani Local (fine) scale S. a graffmani
GIS + NNI + Kernel Density Estimate Behavior + Spatiotemporal Patterns
Sightings data were collected opportunistically off Osa
Peninsula (2001-2006, n= 1247) and through systematic
surveys in Golfo Dulce (2005-2011, n= 102).
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7/28/2019 Oviedo L. et al. (2011). Critical foraging habitats of pantropical spotted dolphins (Stenella attenuata graffmani) in a tropical fjord: Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica. PPT Presentation. S
11/21
Non-random clustered aggregations throughout the study area
Analyses: only records with effort > 3.97 hours
Relative Density
Spatial Pattern of pantropical spotted dolphins
NNI Z score p value PatternOsa 0.35 -44.08 < 0.01 Clustered
Osa Rainy 0.53 -21.36 < 0.01 Clustered
Osa Dry 0.41 -29 < 0.01 Clustered
GD 0.72 -5.43 < 0.01 ClusteredGD Rainy 0.76 -3.31 < 0.01 Clustered
GD Dry 0.72 -3.31 < 0.01 Clustered
Oviedo et al (in rev) Critical foraging habitat of pantropical spotted dolphins in Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica
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7/28/2019 Oviedo L. et al. (2011). Critical foraging habitats of pantropical spotted dolphins (Stenella attenuata graffmani) in a tropical fjord: Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica. PPT Presentation. S
12/21
Osa Peninsula: density and group sizes vary with season(Kruskal Wallis= X2: 6.98; p < 0.05)
Golfo Dulce: density and group sizes stable across the year
(Kruskal Wallis= X2: 0.091; p > 0.05)
DryRainy
Oviedo et al (in rev) Distribution of pantropical spotted dolphins off the Southern Pacific of Costa Rica
Relative Density
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7/28/2019 Oviedo L. et al. (2011). Critical foraging habitats of pantropical spotted dolphins (Stenella attenuata graffmani) in a tropical fjord: Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica. PPT Presentation. S
13/21
Golfo Dulce: homogenous coverage of the inner basin
during group follows
Group Follow and Behavior Sampling
Oviedo et al (in rev) Critical foraging habitat of pantropical spotted dolphins in Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica
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7/28/2019 Oviedo L. et al. (2011). Critical foraging habitats of pantropical spotted dolphins (Stenella attenuata graffmani) in a tropical fjord: Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica. PPT Presentation. S
14/21
Dolphins spend most of their time searching and capturing prey
Group Follow and Behavior Sampling
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Forage Travel Social Rest Mill
%Occurrence
Rainy Dry First Encounter
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7/28/2019 Oviedo L. et al. (2011). Critical foraging habitats of pantropical spotted dolphins (Stenella attenuata graffmani) in a tropical fjord: Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica. PPT Presentation. S
15/21
Group Follow and Behavior Sampling
Non random cluster of foraging dolphins during group follow per
season
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7/28/2019 Oviedo L. et al. (2011). Critical foraging habitats of pantropical spotted dolphins (Stenella attenuata graffmani) in a tropical fjord: Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica. PPT Presentation. S
16/21
Critical Foraging Habitat: Golfo Dulce
Important core (critical) areas where the occurrence of foraging
bouts is intense: Associated with river drainage systems and with
aggregations of most important prey ballyhoo (Hemiramphus sp.)
DryRainy
Oviedo et al (in rev) Critical foraging habitat of pantropical spotted dolphins in Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica
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7/28/2019 Oviedo L. et al. (2011). Critical foraging habitats of pantropical spotted dolphins (Stenella attenuata graffmani) in a tropical fjord: Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica. PPT Presentation. S
17/21
We have identified areas and habitats that are structurally
critical to the sustainability of a population of a semi-pelagic
dolphin within a complex inshore habitat
Critical core areas need for habitat protection
To preserve current spatiotemporal pattern of
animal-habitat relationship
Critical Habitats: Conservation and management
strategies
v
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7/28/2019 Oviedo L. et al. (2011). Critical foraging habitats of pantropical spotted dolphins (Stenella attenuata graffmani) in a tropical fjord: Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica. PPT Presentation. S
18/21
How to conciliate the need for MPAs with non extractive
human activities for social benefits?
Important but non-critical areas might act as bufferzones where humans activities could continue but also
be monitored and managed
Licensing scheme for boats that may enter the areaswith high probability of dolphin encounters
Critical Habitats: Conservation and management
strategies
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7/28/2019 Oviedo L. et al. (2011). Critical foraging habitats of pantropical spotted dolphins (Stenella attenuata graffmani) in a tropical fjord: Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica. PPT Presentation. S
19/21
Foraging is the dominant behavioral state within the activitybudget
The important occurrence of foraging bouts defines the inner
basin of Golfo Dulce as a critical habitat for energy intake
The habitat structure and patterns of aggregation provide an
empirical model of spatial distribution of dolphins with
mechanistic properties:
As foraging is behaviorally flexible response, it identifies therealized niche for pantropical spotted dolphins in the Golfo
Dulce region
In summary
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7/28/2019 Oviedo L. et al. (2011). Critical foraging habitats of pantropical spotted dolphins (Stenella attenuata graffmani) in a tropical fjord: Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica. PPT Presentation. S
20/21
Strengthening the baseline ecological data as means toinform government decision makers
Socio-economic benefits of MPAs in Golfo Dulce:
Resource protection and management
Secure sources of revenue (dolphin watch operations)
Protecting and managing local fish stock for the needs ofboth dolphins and humans
Critical Habitats and Socio-Economic Needs
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7/28/2019 Oviedo L. et al. (2011). Critical foraging habitats of pantropical spotted dolphins (Stenella attenuata graffmani) in a tropical fjord: Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica. PPT Presentation. S
21/21
Muchas Gracias