overview’of’electrical’energy’ storage’requirements’and’...
TRANSCRIPT
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Overview of Electrical Energy Storage Requirements and
Technologies
Prof. G.R. Tynan MAE 119
UC San Diego
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Significant daily and seasonal load variaFons occur
Denholm, 2010 NREL
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Load Following & RegulaFon
Denholm, NREL 2010
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OpFmal (lowest cost) & Reserve Contraint Requirements Impact GeneraFon Dispatch Planning
Denholm, NREL 2010
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Historical uses and needs for energy storage in grid w/ renewables
Denholm, NREL 2010
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Historical uses and needs for energy storage in grid w/ renewables (cont’d)
Denholm, NREL 2010
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Renewable Electrical Energy GeneraFon is Growing
Economist, 2017
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Renewable Electrical Energy GeneraFon is Growing
U.S. DOE EIA
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Annu
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Annual US Wind Energy Produc2on
Wind Energy ~4% of US Demand In 2016
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Diurnal & Seasonal Variability of Wind & Solar ProducFon
Solar
CEC, 2010
Wind
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Similar example of wind variability in Germany
Source: E.On Netz, “Wind Report 2005
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Q: What is impact of increased variable generaFon (VG) on power grid?
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Q: What is impact of increased variable generaFon (VG) on power grid?
A: Increases in Uncertainty in Net Load, Ramp Range
Denholm, NREL 2010
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Q: What is impact of variable generaFon (VG) on power grid?
• Increased need for frequency regulaFon • Increased ramp rate for dispatchable sources • Increased uncertainty in net load (aaer VG is removed)
• Increased ramp range for dispatchable sources
• Net impact: ~5-‐10% increase in energy costs at moderate wind market fracFon (i.e. ~10%)
Denholm, NREL 2010
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Dispatch schedule for low wind market share
Denholm, NREL 2010
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Dispatch schedule for larger wind market share
Denholm, NREL 2010
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Dispatch schedule for larger wind market share
Denholm, NREL 2010
Curtailment Of VG Power
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Evidence that this occurs… producers selling energy below their costs…
Denholm, NREL 2010
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Evidence that this occurs… producers selling energy below their costs…
Denholm, NREL 2010
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More flexible convenFonal system reduces VG curtailment è will permit higher economic VG fracFon
Denholm NREL 2010
ERCOT Study wFh 19GW Wind /11GW Solar; 61GW peak demand
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Storage enables higher economic VG market fracFon
Denholm, NREL 2010
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Storage reduced VG curtailment è VG market fracFon
Denholm, NREL 2010
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Range of Storage Technologies Exist
Denholm, NREL 2010
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Key Elements of Storage Technologies
• Peak power • Total Energy/Operable Time • Response Fme • Round-‐trip efficiency • Cost • Technology readiness
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Storage Technologies
• Capacitors • SuperconducFng Coils • Compressed Air
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Storage Technologies
Energy Storage Report, APS 2007