overview why is aggregate materials visual acceptance of... · ± when material is being used in...
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Visual Acceptance of
Aggregate Materials
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Overview
• Why this discussion…
• Why is “visual acceptance” used…
• When it is employed…
• Things to look for…
• Procedures to follow when questionable materials are encountered
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Visual Acceptance Discussion
• A practice that is employed by KYTC
• Industry and KYTC personnel to be
introduced to the same materials
• Educate people on the procedures and
decision-making process
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Why is Visual Acceptance Used?
Aggregates should be inspected at points of
production, handling, storage, and use
• Visual Inspection
– Small quantity jobs
– Larger size aggregates that are more difficult to
test
– To maintain a level of confidence
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When is Visual Acceptance
Employed?
– When material is being used in small
quantities on a project
– Small quantities are based on the material
and the application of the material being
used
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Definitions
• Small Quantity Value is based on individual
tests. If planned quantity is one-tenth or
less of test frequency then material may be
accepted visually for that property
• Quantity Overage Acceptance. Quantities
exceeding the Engineer’s original estimate by
10% or less require no further testing and
may be accepted visually
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Most Common Applications
• Base stone (traditional)– Crushed stone base (CSB)
– Dense graded aggregate (DGA)
• Traffic bound base– DGA, 610s, or 710s (at Engineer’s discretion)
• Erosion control– Channel Lining Class IA, II, III, and IV
– Cyclopean Rip Rap
• Coarse Aggregate– Drainage Blankets (No. 57, No. 2)
– Pipe Bedding (No. 9-M, No. 8)
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Most Common Aggregates
Visually Accepted
Material Test Small Quantity
DGA Quality 5000 Tons
DGA Grad/Delet 200 Tons
CSB Quality 5000 Tons
CSB Grad/Delet 200 Tons
Chan Lining Quality Any amount
Chan Lining Grad/Delet Any amount
*Grad - Gradation * Delet- Deleterious Group
*Chan - Channel
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Most Common Aggregates
Visually Accepted (Cont.)
Material Test Small Quantity
Cyclo. Rip Rap Quality Any amount
Cyclo. Rip Rap Gradation Any amount
Pipe Bedding Quality Any amount
Pipe Bedding Grad/SE 200 Tons
Trf Bound Base Quality 5000 Tons
Trf Bound Base Grad/Delet 200 Tons
* Trf – Traffic * Delet- Deleterious
* SE – Sand Equivalent
* Cyclo – Cyclopean * Grad - Gradation
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Suspect Material Process
• Inspector suspects out-of-spec aggregate
• If necessary, lead inspector is consulted
• If necessary, Resident Engineer is consulted
• If necessary, District Materials Engineer is
consulted
• If desired, Aggregate Section in Frankfort is
consulted
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Things to Look for…
• Size
– Must have a general knowledge of size
• No. 57: 1” x ¼”
• No. 8: 3/8” x 1/8”
• DGA is well-graded 1” x Dust
• CSB is 2” x Dust
– Less allowable fines than DGA
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Aggregate Products
Base Stone ASTM No. 57 ASTM No. 8
ASTM No. 10 (Screenings) Manufactured Sand Natural Sand
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Rip Rap
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Channel Lining
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No. 2 Coarse Aggregate
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CSB & DGA
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Things to Look for…
• Segregation
– Separation of material by particle size
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Segregation
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Degradation
• Breakdown of material after it’s been
stockpiled
– Results in finer gradation
– Can expose deleterious material
– Caused from weathering, mechanical
breakdown
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Contamination
• Any foreign material
– Aggregate
– Dirt
– Chemical
– Dust
– Spillage
– Merging piles
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Contamination
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