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Overview1. Why Signalling2. Design Philosophy – Legacy & Future3. IR Signalling Asset Profile4. Impact of Signalling5. New Equipments used in IR Signalling

5.1 Electronic Interlocking (EI)5.2 Train Protection Warning System (TPWS)5.3 Train Collision avoiding System (TCAS)5.4 Centralized Traffic Control (CTC) &

Train Management System (TMS)5.5 Single Section Digital axle Counter (SSDAC) &

Multi Section Digital Axle Counter (MSDAC)5.6 Automatic Block Signalling5.7 Mobile Train Radio System

WhyRailwaySignalling

• More Trains on Same Track

• Higher Speeds

• Simultaneous Parallel Moves in Yard with Isolation

• Operations under Inclement Weather Conditions

• Efficient & Flexible Train Operations

• On line Monitoring for Passenger Information, Train

Control & Management,

• High Level of Safety

Railway Signalling is the Solution

“A Symbol of Trust”

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• Fail Safe Design

• Low Traffic density

• Low Investment

• Man power Constraints.

5

Legacy System Design Philosophy of Indian Railway

S&T FOR SAFETY IN TRAIN OPERATIONS WITH LINE CAPACITY GENERATION

Very Few Slow TrainsTelegraph Morse Key the firstSignal for Train Operations in

the 19th Century

Very Large Number of Fast TrainsAdvanced Signalling Applications for Train

Mangement System in the 21st Century6

FUTURE DESIGN PRINCIPLE• Fault Tolerant System design with redundancy have

advantages of

• High density traffic support

• Reliable thereby less manual intervention and safertrain operation

• Man Power constraints

State of the art Signalling and Telecommunication systems being

used by advanced world Railways to realize Safety and Capacityenhancements compared with Signaling and Communicationsystems adopted on IR (As per WHITE PAPER presented in FEB2015).

GLOBAL BENCHMARK IN SIGNALLING

Signalling & TelecomElements

Indian Railways State- of - art / Railways abroad(Global benchmark)

Interlocking systems

• Relay based (72%)• EI based (12%)• Mechanical Lever frames

(16%)

• Electronic Interlocking (EI)

Block Workingsystems

• Absolute block• Automatic block signalling

(2623 Rkm)

• Track circuit block with Automatic Signalling.

• Communication Based Train Control (CBTC) for Rapid Mass Transit.

GLOBAL BENCHMARK IN SIGNALLINGSignalling &

TelecomElements

Indian Railways State- of - art / Railways abroad(Global benchmark)

Train protectionsystems

• AWS ( 328 Rkm)• ETCS L1(250 Rkm)• Trials with TCAS

Automatic Train Protection:-USA (PTC) : All main line tracks involvingpassenger & commuter railroad and linescarrying toxic materials – implement byDec’15.

Europe (ETCS) : mandated due tointeroperability for conventional & highspeed trains.

Signals andMovementAuthority

Line side Color Light LEDSignals, No cab signaling.

• Line side Signals• Cab signaling (USA: Speed > 80 mph,

Japan: Speed > 150 kmph-Europe: ETCS L2; Japan: ATACS;China: CTC; Australia: ATMS;USA: ITCS

Command &Control systems

• Distributed, voice commands from train controller

• TMS at Mumbai suburban

Centralized & Integrated control withautomated tools.

GLOBAL BENCHMARK IN SIGNALLINGSignalling &

TelecomElements

Indian Railways State- of - art / Railways abroad(Global benchmark)

Mobile Train RadioCommunication(MTRC)

Unsecured, Short rangecommunication system deployed.

Secure, fail-safe and reliable mobilecommunication system with Save-our-Souls (SoS) features.

Train detectionsystems

• DC track circuits• Axle counters• AFTC

• DC track circuits (Relay based Fail Safe)• Axle counters• AFTC SIL-4

Points operatingequipment

• High thrust point m/c,• Clamp lock being used

• Multiple sleeper machines,• Clamp lock on high speed routes

Level crossingscontrol

Mostly manual control, warningis from a fixed distance

Mostly automatic control, warning isfrom fixed distance

• Special Railway Safety Fund (SRSF) was introduced in Oct’2001for Replacement of Old and over-aged Signalling System.

• Signalling System replaced by Electrical/Electronic Interlockingand Track Circuiting under SRSF.

Item Replacement under SRSF

Replacement of arrears of over aged signalling asset (Stations)

1438

Track Circuiting at Stations (Locations)

5295

Special Railway Safety Fund

Overview of Signalling Assets on IRITEM/Year 2002 2012 2013 2014 2015 *%

Interlocked Stns 5403 6108 6189 6189 6293 16MACLS Stns 3112 5391 5517 5658 5772 85PI Stations 2224 4079 4160 4200 4195 89RRI Stns 183 257 265 276 280 53EI Stns 14 535 614 735 842 5914PI/RRI/EI Stns 2437 4871 5039 5211 5317 118Interlocked Gates (Nos.) 6441 9983 10364 10493 10513 63TC (Locations) 11200 29201 29940 30509 31073 177BPAC (Block Sections) 192 3410 3895 4175 4585 2288LED Lit Stations 62 4814 5131 5449 5599 8931Data logger (Stations) 459 4773 5020 5292 5460 1090Automatic Block Sigg (RKms) 1336 2286 2435 2623 2715 103

Intermediate Block Sigg (Block Sections)

140 397 426 449 475 239

(As on 31st March)* % increase w.r.t. 2002

Growth of Signalling

Impact of Signalling

Accidents Trend

181

90

84

53

46

130

69

20

540

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

LevelCrossingAccidents

Collision

5 812

1723

32

47

52

26

30

42

5 711

1519

2328

31

45

54 56

63

78

98

105

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

PI/EI/RRI

BPAC

TC

LC gateInterlocking

‘00 stn

‘000

locations

’00 nos

13

‘00 Block

sections

Modern Equipments used in Indian Railway Signalling

Electronic Interlocking

MECHANICAL SIGNALLING INTERLOCKING SYSTEM

RELAY SIGNALLING INTERLOCKING SYSTEM

ELECTRONIC INTERLOCKING

Relay Room Dhanbad RRI

Electronic Interlocking VDU (Thanjavur Jn.)

Arsikere Junction

TRAIN PROTECTION WARNING SYSTEM(TPWS)

LEUInterlocking

Eurobalises

TPWS

Track occupancy detection

v

s

v = v(s)

On Board Train Protection Systems deployed on IR - TPWS

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ETCS L1( TPWS) on Hazrat Nizamuddin-Agra section of NR/NCR.

• Route Kms: 200 • Locos covered: 35 (WAP 7)•No. of Signals: 501•No. of Balises : 654• Name of Firm: M/s Ansaldo• Cost of contract : ` 51 Crores• Status: Commercial Trials in progress on

nominated trains on HNZM-AGRA section

Onboard Loco eqpt22

ETCS L1 (TPWS) on Chennai – Gummidipundi section of Southern Rly

• Route Kms: 50

• EMUs provided : 41

•No. of Signals: 149

•No. of Balises: 320

• Name of Firm: M/s Ansaldo

•Commissioned in May 2008

Interlocking

BaliseLine side

Electronic Unit23

ETCS L1( TPWS) on Dum Dum – Kavi Subhash section of Kolkata Metro

• Route Kms: 25• EMUs covered: 27• No. of Signals: 94• No. of Balises : 280• Name of Firm: M/s Siemens• Cost of contract : ` 31 Crores• Status: AC rakes commissioned in Feb, 2014 and Non-

AC rakes commissioned in August, 2014.

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TRAIN COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEM(TCAS)

System configuration

9

Radio

Communication

Radio

Communication

Radio

Communication

Loco

TCAS

Loco

TCAS

Station

TCAS

RFID READER

RFID READER

GNSS/

GPS

Train Collision Avoidance System

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Salient Features -• Prevention of SPAD• User friendly Cab signalling• Speed Supervision and Indicate Movement Authority• Multi-vendor interoperability – free from monopoly• Communication based signalling

• Indigenously Developed System

Additional Features

• Collision Prevention• SoS from Loco and Station• Blowing horn while approaching Level Crossing Gate or

gang working.

TCAS

Technologies used in TCAS

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UHF Radio

CommunicationLoco

TCASLoco

TCAS

Station

TCAS

RFID READER

RFID READER

RFID Ant.

Vital Computer

DMIAuto Brake Unit

RFID Tag

Radio Tx/ RX

UHF Radio Ant.

GPS Rec.

GPS Ant.

Radio Rec.

Radio Ant.

Central Unit

Inputs from Interlocking

Station Unit

Tachometer

Loco Unit

• RFID tags @ ~1 kminterval installed ontrack for TrackIdentification &resetting ofaccumulated Odometryerror.

• Loco informs itsposition, speed etcthrough UHF Radio

• Signalling relatedinformation is availablewith tracksideequipment which istransferred to Loco onfull duplex UHF Radio.

• Detection ofemergency situationby both - Stn & Loco

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TCAS – Locomotive Equipment

Centralized Traffic Control (CTC) &

Train Management System (TMS)

Centralized Traffic Control (CTC) & Train Management System (TMS)

Manual System of Train Operations and Control did not matchthe highly intensive information exchange requirements of SafeOperation.

CTC Controls and Monitors all Train Movements in a definedsection with any number of stations/cabins/sidings – No DistanceLimitation.

Mobile Communication for Operations, Safey & Maintenance -Vital Segment.

Centralized Remote Control of Signals for Efficient TrainOperations.

Effective in regulating trains by monitoring their movements,taking timely decision for diversion of trains, induction /withdrawal / reversal of rakes and Emergencies.

Provides Interfaces for On Line Data Logging for PredictiveMaintenance & Drives for Train Arrival/Departure Information forPassengers.

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CENTRALIZED TRAFFIC CONTROL (CTC)

TMS helps in real-time monitoring of trains in the control room.The arrival status of local trains is displayed on indicators installedon platforms in the form of a countdown (in minutes) to the train’sarrival on the platform accompanied by automatic announcementson platforms.

Train Management System (TMS)

TMS SCREEN in Mumbai Expected Arrival In Minutes (EAIM)

SINGLE SECTION DIGITAL AXLE COUNTER (SSDAC)

&

MULTI SECTION DIGITAL AXLE COUNTER (MSDAC)

SINGLE SECTION DIGITAL AXLE COUNTER

MULTI SECTION DIGITAL AXLE COUNTER

AUTOMATIC BLOCK SIGNALLING

AUTOMATIC SIGNALLING

MOBILE TRAIN RADIO COMMUNICATION

(MTRC)

MOBILE TRAIN RADIO COMMUNICATION

• Discrete Signalling Systems are being replaced withModern Signalling system such as Electrical/ElectronicInterlocking, Block Proving Axle counter, TrackCircuiting, Automatic Signalling, LED Signal etc. toimprove Reliability of Signalling Assets andOperational efficiency and Safety of Train Operationon Indian Railways

• Corporate Safety plan 2015-20 is being finalized.

• Modernisation of Signalling System a continuousProcess and have been carried out under CorporateSafety Plan and Indian Railway Modernisation Plan.

CONCLUSION

Modernization of Signalling is essential for

• Increasing Line Capacity

• Higher Train Speeds.

• S&T leverages state-of-art technology for deployment of cost

effective fault tolerant systems to enhance safety, reliability and

efficiency in train operations

• Through put using redundancy in design

• Real time monitoring & control

• Automatic block clearance

• Mobile communication

• Extensive deployment of information technology.

Role of Signalling: