Topic 1: Overview of

WWII

March 22nd and March 23

Agenda - Mon. 3/20 & Tues. 3/21

● Unit 9 Test (with Units 3 & 4 SOL Review Questions)○ Multiple choice and short answer

● After the test:○ Pick up Unit 10 (World War II) Preview Reading + Questions

○ If you don’t finish this in class, then it is homework… due next class!

Warm-Up - Wed. 3/22 & Thurs. 3/23

Respond to this question:

Some people have described President Trump’s foreign policy as an “America First” policy (this is what the President calls it as well). “America First” was also the name of the group that wanted an isolationist foreign policy in the 1930s. Why do you think people today would be in favor of this? Is it the same as in the 30s?

***Also turn in homework to front table!

What do you know about World War II?● Bombing

● Pearl harbor

● Airplanes

● Tanks

● We win again

● Nazism

● Blitz

● Concentration camps

● Kamikazes

● League of Nations

● UN

● Stalin

● Communism

● Mussolini

● Aryan supremacy

● Tojo

● Night of Broken Glass

● Ethiopia

● Belgium

● Poland

● A-Bomb

● France :/

● Bombing raids on London

● D-Day

● Hitler

● Victory from Japan Day

● N & H

● Nuclear

● Machine guns

● Soviets

Agenda - Wed. 3/22 & Thurs. 3/23● Briefly talk about homework● Go through the “Big Themes” of WWII● World War II Overview Notes

○ Why are we isolationist until Pearl Harbor?

● Lindbergh speech on World War II

Big Ideas

#1 - How does the concept of “ideology” help explain the causes & course of WWII?

#2 - To what degree was “race” a driving factor in shaping the origins & course of WWII?

#3 - During WWII, victory went to those nations that showed the greatest ability to adapt & innovate.

#4 - WWII was 4 different wars that merge together into one global conflict.1) Japan versus China

2) Japan versus United States

3) Germany versus Poland, Britain, France

4) Russia versus Germany

#5 - Significance of Battle of the Atlantic and the Battle in the Pacific

#6 - How was the US transformed by experience in WWII?

Quick Preview- Look over the “Path to War” Organizer to see the policies prior to the start of

World War II

1) Hoover & Isolationism● Oppose economic sanctions against aggressor countries because that would

mean military involvement● Japan attacks Manchuria and creates puppet-state (Manchukuo) for natural

resources○ US doesn’t recognize Manchukuo

2) FDR and “Good Neighbor Policy”- Nonintervention approach in Latin America

- Will need these country’s cooperation when Italy and Germany pose as threats

- Economic Diplomacy- Recognize the Soviet Union for trade reasons (even though they are communist) b/c we are in a

Great Depression and we need a boost to our economy

- Gradual removal in Philippines

- Reduce tariffs (remember the Hawley-Smoot Tarriff??!!) to boost trade

3) Events Abroad with Dictators● Stalin

○ Communism

● Mussolini○ Fascism (extreme nationalism and militarism)

● Hitler○ Nazism (extreme Aryan Race nationalism and military aggression)

● Japan ○ Nationalists and militarists → conflict with China/Manchuria for resources

Stalin ● Russia● “Man of Steel”● Goals:

○ Agriculture

○ Industrial (5 Year Plan)

● Overall → collectively owned farms/government-owned farms● Eventual rule by working class● Totalitarian Government - complete control over citizens

Mussolini● Italy & Fascism ● Extreme nationalism ● Militaristic expansionism ● Charismatic leader● Private property with strong government

controls● Anti-Communist

Japan● Tried to establish an empire in the

Pacific○ Became a colonial war with China

to gain imperial control of East Asia

● Wanted access to China for:○ Natural resources○ Modernize government and

society○ Establish trading posts on China’s

coasts

● Japan has a military solution for

problems/economic crisis in 1930s

● Gains access to Manchuria for

capital market

But then there is conflict with the

US...

● Struggle over resources (oil)

● Naval conflict & control over

the seas

● The US supplies oil for Japan○ But US initiates oil embargo

b/c Japan failed to follow League of Nations

● Eventually Japan will retaliate

in 1941 at Pearl Harbor

4) United States & Isolationism● Policy of isolationism ● Congressional Committee - argue that WWI was only about helping out greedy

bankers and arms dealings (we only entered for economic reasons)● Neutrality Acts beginning in 1935

○ Outlawing arms sales to nations at war

● Neutrality will break down… (Cash and Carry; Lend-Lease)○ Impossible to remain completely neutral

○ US continued to send arms/supplies to China when Japan invaded Manchuria

● FDR took a stand against isolationism (quarantine) but US public opinion remained strongly isolationist...

5) Aaaand… the final events right before war● Great Britain and France adopt policy of appeasement (allow Hitler/others to

make small aggressive moves)1. Ethiopia2. Rhineland3. China4. Sudetenland

**In the meantime… the US begins to build up arms and naval budget in 1938! (but we are still “neutral”)

Hitler ● Germany● Named Chancellor of Germany in

1933● Creates a totalitarian Nazi

Government● Demands “lebensraum” or living

space for German people● Mein Kampf & Anti-Semitism ● Clip - 9:13 to end

Lebensraum - “living space”● Ignores Treaty of Versailles and

re-arms Germany● Annexes Austria in 1938● Then occupies the Sudetenland and

the following year all of Czechoslovakia

● Munich Pact - 9:50-13:00

Nazi-Soviet Pact - August 1939● Germany signs non-aggression pact

with the Soviet Union● Meant to keep Great Britain from

entering a war/declaring war on Germany

● What Germany and USSR agree on:○ Not invading each other’s country

○ They will invade/split Poland among

themselves

● Eventually this pact does not last○ Part of WWII is a war on ideology →

Nazism versus Communism

Warm-Up - Fri. 3/24 & Mon. 3/27● Pick up Study Guide and Map Activity at front table● Begin working on map activity (follow the key!)

Agenda - Fri. 3/24 & Mon. 3/27● Map Activity● Finish Overview of WWII Notes● Stages of US Isolationism Activity

German Invasion of Poland● September 1, 1939● German blitzkrieg overruns Poland

○ Blitzkrieg = “Lightning War”

● Quick German victory● Britain and France declare war on

Germany○ 2 Days later… September 3rd, 1939

Soviets’ Turn...● The Soviets invade Poland and the Baltic countries from the east

Fall of France● May 1940● Hitler’s army reaches France’s northern coast in

10 days and France surrenders

Miracle at Dunkirk● Spring 1940● Allied forces pushed to the

beaches at Dunkirk● French & British troops rescued

by 850 British ships

Germany takes France, Norway, Denmark

Germany prepares to invade Britain with bombing raids

1. What countries were still democratic in 1940?

2. Which country was most responsible for the dismantling of democracies by dictatorships?

3. How do you think England felt about the spread of dictatorships?

Battle of Britain● Summer of 1940 - May 1941● German Luftwaffe makes nightly

bomb raids over Great Britain● New Technologies:

○ Enigma - German code breaking machine

○ Radar - used by British Royal Air Force

(RAF) to see when German bombers were

approaching/where they were headed

● British RAF able to hold off Germany and prove Hitler can be stopped

● Battle of Britain Clip - 33:30-38:00

“Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few.”

- Prime

Minister Winston Churchill

But where is a WWII picture of the third poster?

Keep Calm and Carry On?http://www.keepcalmandcarryon.com/history/

Operation Barbarossa● June 1941● Germany breaks non-aggression pact and invades the Soviet Union● Soviet Union uses Scorched Earth Policy and holds back Germany at Leningrad● Germany tries to move on to Moscow and Stalingrad

What is happening in the picture?

What is the lesson(s) for Stalin in the future?

1. Notice Details: Describe the cartoon. What images do you see? What text do you see?

2. Think big picture: What is the historical context of the cartoon? (What’s going on at the time?)

3. Analyze Point-of-View: What is the artist’s message on the subject? How can you tell?

4. Analyze audience: Who is the artist trying to convince?

At first, the US stayed officially neutral and isolationist.

- 1935-1936: Neutrality Acts- 1939: Cash and Carry Policy

● US helps Great Britain more and more. Even though the US is officially isolationist, Roosevelt wants the US to enter the war.

● When Britain can’t pay for materials anymore, Roosevelt pushes through the Lend-Lease Act in 1941

● The US “loans” Britain war ships and supplies in exchange for military bases in the Caribbean (Bermuda)

● Roosevelt says it is like “lending a garden hose to a next-door neighbor whose house was on fire.”

Pearl Harbor● December 7, 1941● Japanese surprise attack

on the US in retaliation for cutting off their oil supply

● 19 American ships sunk or damaged

● More than 2,300 Americans killed and the US enters the war

“Yesterday December 7th, 1941 - a date which will live in infamy…” - FDR

The “Sides”