Overview of summer 2015 end of year examination

IGCSE Global CITIZENSHIP

This section will be based on two different sources.

You must read these sources carefully and then answer the questions for each source

Section B and C

SOURCE BASED QUESTIONREAD THE SOURCE AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS. THIS IS A REALLY GOOD WAY TO REVISE FOR YOUR EXAMINATION

Read Source A.Social networking played a major role in the Arab Spring of 2011. Internet censorshipand surveillance remain in place in some countries. Search engines produce resultssaying “Sorry: the page you requested does not exist”.The internet is becoming more central to the lives of citizens. It can affect the identity oflocal and national communities. However, citizens have little control over the power ofthe companies which provide their access to the internet.According to Rebecca MacKinnon, who writes about internet censorship, Chineseinternet regulation shows how a regime can not only survive but thrive in the internetage with the help of domestic and global companies.In countries which have democratic systems there are attempts to control access toinformation on the internet. During the urban riots in the UK in 2011, the governmentconsidered shutting down social networks and BlackBerry’s instant-messaging service.Taking such action might have restricted the civil rights of UK citizens.One of MacKinnon’s ideas is that companies like Facebook, Google, Apple and Amazonhave the kinds of power that were previously only held by governments.Facebook took down a page used by Egyptian activists to coordinate protests on thegrounds that they had broken the company’s rules by not using their real names. Buton the other hand, political and other potentially controversial views are expressed andwidely read on Facebook. This can encourage freedom of speech.(Source: adapted from www.guardian.co.uk, 26 Febuary 2012John Naughton © Guardian News and Media Ltd. (2011))

(a) According to Source A, what is an advantage of social networking for individualcitizens?(1)A It can lead to censorshipB It helps to support powerful regimesC It enables political views to be expressed and be widely readD It has helped internet service providers become very powerful

(b) According to Source A, what is a disadvantage of social networking forindividual citizens?(1)A Internet access is widely availableB Citizens have little control over companies which provide their access tothe internetC The internet becomes more central to the lives of citizensD It encourages freedom of speechExplain the role of the internet in changing the identity of local communities.(4)

In this section you will have to write an essay.You will be given the option of two questions.

The first question will be based on Key Question 1 and the second on Key Question 2. You must answer only ONE question.

Remember the IMC ruleMake sure you address all the bullet points in

the question.

Section D

Key Question 1 – How do Communities Develop

Revision Quiz

What is Social Identity?Social Identity is made up of the following:

GenderRace or EthnicitySexualityReligion or faithAgeClassDisability

How do we define discrimination?

To treat anyone less favourably due to any aspect of their ‘social identity’ is classes as discrimination

What is the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)?UDHR signed in 1948 by representatives of 58

countries.Response to atrocities of Second World WarDesigned to safeguard and protect human

rights in every country around the world.HOWEVER – it does not have the force of law

(it is NOT enforced legally) therefore it is used as standard to which the UN would like all countries to work towards

Article 1: “All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience, and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.”

What is the European Convention of Human Rights?

Passed in 1963 by Council of Europe Includes 44 members (including all EU

members) who agree to uphold human rights.Unlike UDHR the convention it is legally

binding and infringements can be taken to European Court of Human Rights

What is the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child? 

In 1989, the world's leaders officially recognised the human rights of all children and young people under 18 by signing the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.

The Convention says that every child has:The right to a childhood (including protection from harm)The right to be educated (including all girls and boys

completing primary school)The right to be healthy (including having clean water,

nutritious food and medical care)The right to be treated fairly (including changing laws and

practices that are unfair on children)The right to be heard (including considering children's

views) It's the most complete statement of children’s rights ever

produced and is the most widely-ratified international human rights treaty in history.

What is Multiculturalism?

A community made up of people from many different cultural backgrounds/differences who maintain their distinct identities

What is Integration?

An integrated community is one in which a dominant

culture takes precedence

What is the main Difference between multicultural societies and Integrated societies?

Multicultural societies encourage

differences, and integrated societies

don’t maintain

What is the main reason for Diversity in any country?

Migration is the main reason for a country becoming diverse

What is Migration?

Human migration is movement

of humans from one place to another,

sometimes over long distances or in large

groups

Why do people Migrate?

For a better ‘prosperous’ living

Like the ‘host’ countryBenefit from the liberal rights available

Escape persecution

What are the benefits of Migration to the host country?European migrants made a net contribution

of £20bn to UK public finances between 2000 and 2011

Fill the jobs market, jobs which local people do not want to do. Specifically in trades such as construction, cleaning, working as waiters/waitresses etc.

Diversity, cultural awarenessKnowledge from other countriesCulture i.e. food, language, dress, etc

What are the disadvantages of Migration to the host country? Issues concerning: housing, schooling, Over crowdingjobsbenefits etc

What does it mean to ‘seek Asylum’, or the term ‘Asylum Seeker’?

A person fleeing his/her country due to a threat to life or persecution,

applies to live in another country for safety is considered ‘seeking

asylum’.

The person who has his application granted is then considered a

‘refugee’

What is Culture? Culture is a pattern of behaviour. This pattern of behaviour can be among

large groups of people, small groups of people, or even individuals.

Can concern anything from languages, to types of food (staple food), to dress. etc

How can sports Unite and Divide?

Unite: Bring people together from many different walks of life due to support of/ playing for a common team

Divide: Discriminate against certain races of people – as has been the case in football. Organizations like ‘Kick racism out of football’ try to stop this discrimination.

Where does racism come from?

IgnorancePassed down from parentsNegative Media portrayals Stereotyping

Key Question 2: Does Democracy Work?Revision

Democracy

• The word come from the Greek words • demos meaning ‘the people’.• Kratos meaning ‘rule’

• Therefore Democracy means ‘Rule for the people by the people’

There are different forms of Democracy:

• Direct - People make decisions for themselves

• Representative democracy - Politicians

make these decisions on our behalf.

Types of Democracy

Definition of Democracy

“A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them.”

(Kid.net au)

“Parliamentary democracy, democratic form of government in which the party ( or coalition of parties) with the greatest representation in the parliament forms the government It’s leader becoming the prime minister . The parties in the minority serve in opposition to the majority and have a duty to challenge it regularly.”

(britannica.com)

A government ruled by a king, queen,

emperor or empress.

Monarchy

A country ruled by a single leader.

The leader has not been elected and may

use force to keep control.

Dictatorship

Government by a single person having

unlimited power; despotism

(domination through threat of punishment

and violence).

Autocracy

The government owns property such as

businesses and farms and provides its people's

healthcare, education and welfare.

Communism

A situation where there is no

government.

Anarchy

A government in which a few people such as a dominant clan or clique have

power.

Oligarchy

The Main UK Political Parties

Political Parties

• The Conservative Party is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom that adheres to the philosophies of conservatism.

• It believes in the maintenance of traditional institutions and supports.

• Some conservatives seek to preserve things as they are, emphasizing stability and continuity

• It is the largest political party in the UK, and is currently the largest single party in the House of Commons with 306 seats.

• It governs in coalition with the Liberal Democrats, with party leader  David Cameron as Prime Minister.

• The Conservative Party emerged in 1834 out of the old Tory Party, which dates to 1678.

• Official colour is Blue

• Leader is  David Cameron, the Prime Minister

Political Parties

• The Liberal Democrats are a social liberal political party in the United Kingdom.

• Formed in 1988 by a merger of the Liberal Party and the Social Democratic Party.

• The Liberal Democrats support social liberalism, constitutional and electoral reform, progressive taxation and civil liberties

• At the 2010 general election, 57 Liberal Democrat MPs were elected, making them the third largest party in the House of Commons,

• The Liberal Democrats formed a coalition government with the Conservatives, with Clegg becoming Deputy Prime Minister and other Liberal Democrats taking up government positions

• The Liberal Democrats have been led by Nick Clegg since  2007.

Political Parties

• The Labour Party is a centre-left democratic socialist political party in the United Kingdom.

• The Labour Party was last in government between 1997 and 2010 under Tony Blair and Gordon Brown.

• This party won 258 seats in the 2010 general election.

• The Labour Party is a member of the Socialist International.

• social justice • strong community and strong values • reward for hard work • decency • rights matched by responsibilities

• The Party's current leader is Ed Miliband MP

Political Parties

• The Green Party is a formally organized political party based on the principles of Green politics, which is founded in many countries.

• These principles usually include social justice, reliance on grassroots democracy, nonviolence, and an emphasis on environmentalism. "Greens" believe that the exercise of these principles leads to world health.

• They were founded in 1980 

• Caroline Lucas and the voters of Brighton Pavilion constituency made history on 6 May 2010 when she was elected as the UK's first Green MP, taking the seat from Labour.

What is an election?

In UK democracy people are given the opportunity

to elect representatives in three governments:

Central Government

Local Government

European Parliament

Their job is to talk for us, and fight for the things we want changed or kept as they

are.

3 Elections for 3 Governments!

Central government.

It looks after national matters, such as health, defence, foreign policy and the environment.

is responsible for the welfare of all citizens and protects the most vulnerable in our society

Every 4 years people vote

Representatives are called councillors.

Many councils elect a Mayor, who chairs (keeps order) of the council.

Local Government

Local government ( council) is responsible for:

Roads and TransportEducationHousingPolicingThe Fire ServiceWaste Disposal/Street Cleaning

European Parliament

Elections are every 5 years.

There are 785 Members of the European Parliament (MEPs)

Responsible for maintaining peaceful political and economic relations in Europe

How does voting work?

What is a constituency?

What are the 3 parts of parliament?

What is the difference between parliament and government?

Government

What is MP short for? and what does an MP do?

Who are the suffragettes and why are they important?

Should 16 year olds be allowed to vote?

1. CITIZEN PARTICIPATION2. EQUALITY3. POLITICAL TOLERANCE4. ACCOUNTABILITY5. TRANSPARENCY6. REGULAR FREE AND FAIR ELECTIONS7. ECONOMIC FREEDOM8. CONTROL OF THE ABUSE OF POWER9. BILL OF RIGHTS10. ACCEPTING THE RESULTS OF ELECTIONS11. HUMAN RIGHTS12. MULTI PARTY SYSTEM13. RULE OF LAW

Central Principles of Democracy

1. An understanding of how citizens can influence decision-making through the democratic process;

2. An understanding that participation in elections by those opposed to democracy should be allowed by law, but the success of such candidates is undesirable for the well-being of society if it would lead to the end of democracy;

3. An appreciation that living under the rule of law protects individual citizens and is essential for their well-being and safety;

4. An understanding that bodies such as the police and the army can be held to account to the people, through the democratic organs of government;

5. An understanding that the freedom to hold other faiths and beliefs is protected in law, and an acceptance that other people having different faiths or beliefs to oneself (or having none) should not be the cause of prejudicial or discriminatory behaviour;

6. Understanding of the problems of identifying and combatting discrimination (based on protected characteristics as listed in the Equality Act 2010).

7. Attempts to promote systems that undermine the principles comprising these fundamental British values would be inconsistent with this part of the standard.

Current Understanding of ‘British Values’