Overview of Rural

Development in India

Dr Gyanmudra

Professor & Head Centre for Human Resource Development

National Institute of Rural development & Panchayati raj Hyderabad

drgmudra@yahoo.com

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“INDIA LIVES IN ITS VILLAGES”

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RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA

Stage 1- Pre Independence era (1866- 1947)

Stage 2- Post Independence era (1947-1953)

Stage 3- Community Development and Extension Service era (1953 - 1960)

Stage 4- Intensive Agricultural Development era (1960 – till date)

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Of late, rural development has assumed global attention especially among the developing nations.

It has great significance for a country like India where majority of the population, around 65% of

the people, live in rural areas.

The basic objectives of Rural Development Programmes have been alleviation of poverty and

unemployment through creation of basic social and economic infrastructure, provision of training to

rural unemployed youth and providing employment to marginal Farmers/Labourers to

discourage seasonal and permanent migration to urban areas.

Rural Development

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Primary Objective of Rural Development

To Build Infrastructure Public Service Communication

To Improve

Health Education Living Standard

To Generating

Employment Farm & Storage Economical activities

Rural Development

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GREENING RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA

UNDP’s report shows that greening the Government’s rural development schemes will have

positive economic impact because greening will:

contribute to inclusive local growth

improve environmental sustainability

help to make communities more resilient to natural disasters

help to make public expenditure more effective

Greening does more than just improve the environment—it

contributes to better economic growth

SDG & RD

Hon’ble PM, Narendra Modi, during UN SDG Summit, 2015, says

“Much of India’s development agenda is mirrored in the Sustainable Development Goals. Our national plans are ambitious and purposeful; Sustainable development of one-sixth of humanity will be of great consequence to the world and our beautiful planet ”.

Source: http://niti.gov.in/writereaddata/files/Final_VNR_report.pdf NIRD&PR 7

PROGRAMMES WHICH LAUNCH TO ACHIEVE SDGS

PMUY

IAY

PMJDY

MGNREGA

PFGP

DAY-NRLM NIRD&PR 8

Mid Day Meal

Public Distribution

System

Soil Health Card

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National Health Policy 2017

National Rural Health Mission

Mission Indradhanush

Janani Suraksha

Yojana

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan

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Beti Bachao, Beti Padao (Save Girl

Child, Educate the Girl Child)

Maternity Benefit Program

Kishori Shakti Yojana

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PMGSY (For Rural Road)

Make in India

Start-up India

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MAHATMA GANDHI NATIONAL RURAL EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE ACT" (MGNREGA)

Providing wage employment opportunities

Creating sustainable rural livelihoods through regeneration of the natural resource base i.e. augmenting productivity and supporting creation of durable assets

Strengthening rural governance through decentralisation and processes of transparency and accountability NIRD&PR 13

DAY-NRLM

To reduce poverty by enabling the poor households to access gainful self- employment and skilled wage employment opportunities resulting in appreciable improvement in their livelihoods on a sustainable basis, through building strong and sustainable grassroots institutions of the poor

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SANSAAD ADARSH GRAM YOJANA (SAGY)

To generate models of local level development and effective local governance which can motivate and inspire neighboring Gram Panchayats to learn and adapt

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HOLISTIC DEVELOPMENT THROUGH SAGY

Personal Human

Social Economic

Personal Values Cleanliness Cultural Heritage Behavior Change

Livelihoods Skills Financial Inclusion Basic amenities/ Services

Volunteerism Social Values Social Justice Good Governance

Education Health Nutrition Social Security

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DIN DAYAL UPADHYA-GRAMIN KAUSHAL YOJANA (DDU-GKY)

Transform rural poor youth into an economically independent and globally relevant workforce". It aims to target youth, under the age group of 15–35 years.

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MoRD

Divisions

NIRDPR

Other Ministries MEA

State Govt.

SIRD

SIRD SIRD

ETC ETC

ETC

Universities

Block

Panchayat

Training District Admin.

Networking

Training Support

Research Support

Pedagogy

Curricula

Action Research

Organization of Training Study-Cources

Conferences, Seminars and Lectures

Incorporate new Methodology

Training and Action Research Analyse Specific Problems

Aid and Advice to MoRD

Publications

Library & Information Services

Collaborate with other Institutions

Offer Fellowships and Prizes

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NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND PANCHAYATI RAJ

(NIRD&PR)

NIRD&PR, an autonomous organisation under the Union Ministry of Rural Development, is a premier national centre of excellence in rural development and Panchayati Raj.

Recognized internationally as one of the UN-ESCAP Centres of Excellence,

The institute builds capacities of rural development functionaries, elected representatives of PRIs, bankers, NGOs and other stakeholders through inter-related activities of training, research and consultancy

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School of Development Studies & Social Justice

Centre for Agrarian Studies

Centre for Equity and Social Development

Centre for Gender Studies and Development

Centre for Human Resource Development

Centre for PG Studies & Distance Education

School of Local Governance

Centre for Decentralized Planning

Centre for Panchayati Raj

Centre for Social Audit

School For Public Policy and Good Governance

Centre for Corporate Social Responsibility, Public

Private Partnership and Peoples Action

Centre for Good Governance and Policy

Analysis

Centre for Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation

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School of Rural Livelihood and Infrastructure

Centre for Entrepreneurship Development

Centre for Financial Inclusion and Entrepreneurship

Centre for Livelihoods

Centre for Rural Infrastructure

Centre for Skills and Job

Centre for Wage Employment

School of Science, Technology and

Knowledge System

Centre for Geo-informatics Applications in RD

Centre for Innovations and Appropriate Technologies

School of Sustainable Development

Centre for Climate Change and Disaster Management

Centre for Natural Resource Management

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Professional Support Centre (NIRD&PR)

Centre for Development,

Documentation and

Communication

Centre for Information,

Communication and Technology

Centre for Research &

Training Coordination &

Networking

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PROJECT SUPPORT BY NIRDPR

DDU-GKY

• Din Dayal Upadhya-Gramin Kaushal Yojana

NRLM

• National Rural Livelihood Mission

MGNREGA

• Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act

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PROJECT SUPPORT BY NIRDPR

SAGY • Sansaad Adarsh Gram Yojana

UBA • Unnat Bharat Abhiyan

PFGP • Mission Atyodaya

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CONVERGENCE

Why Convergence ?

Plethora of Schemes.

No. of Agencies

Lack of Access to Information

Lack of Systematic Tools

Personality Based Approach

Planning for Schemes and not for Activities NIRD&PR 25

CONVERGENCE OF INSTITUTIONS

Village Org.

(CBOs,NGOs)

PRI Federation (SHG)

Water Users Association VSS GRAM

PANCHAYAT

Mothers Committee Village

Edn Committee

GKS

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MISSION ANTYODAYA

Mission Antyodaya is a convergence framework for measurable effective outcomes on parameters that

transform lives and livelihoods. Real Difference comes about through Convergence as it alone simultaneously

addresses multi dimensions of poverty.

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MISSION ANTYODAYA

The central objective of Mission Antyodaya is to bring one crore rural households out of poverty and make 50,000 GPs/5,000 clusters poverty free by 2020

in the first phase of Mission Antyodaya.

It’s evident from study conducted by IRMA that convergence is reducing poverty and raising

incomes.

The Government of India has advice all ministries and departments to work hand in hand to reach

Complete Poverty Free Status.

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TARGET OF MISSION ANTYODAYA

50,000 Gram Panchayats Conserving

Water – Drought

Proof

45 lakh households

covered under Skills – DDU-GKY &

RSETI

55 lakh covered through

individual livelihood

support

5 lakh Producer

Groups – 4-5 Crore

women in SHGs

Markets, value chains,

non-farm livelihoods for SHGs.

All eligible habitations connected

by all-weather

road.

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ROLE OF NIRD&PR

Being the apex institute it has

humungous expertise in training

and capacity building for rural

development.

Since January, 2017, NIRD&PR have

engaged its research team in testing the

various of format for collecting

information for Mission Antyodaya

Program.

Till July, 2017 the teams have visited 3 GPs and carried out

pilot survey for collecting

information on various indicators.

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The training program for functionaries associated with the survey was

conducted by NIRD&PR. The training was organize in a cascade mode

NIRD&PR had imparted training to 130 plus professionals. These includes National and States Resource Persons, who will conduct same training in the respective states.

Each SRLM has been instructed to identify a team of 6 - 8 resource persons from each district covered under Mission Antyodaya. These resource persons may preferably be chosen from the persons engaged earlier in Intensive Participatory Planning Exercise (IPPE-II).

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MODERN ERA OF DEVELOPMENT

NGO movement

Microfinance Movement

(MFI)

Self-help Groups (SHG)

Rural Banking

Rural Insurance

Foreign Donors

Rural Common Minimum Program

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DATA ON RURAL INDIA

Population in % (Census 2011)

Rural 68.84

Urban 31.16

SC 18.5

ST 11.3

Gram Panchayats 2,62,677

Average Household Size (0.0) 4.5

sex ratio (females per 1000 males) 957

number of female headed HHs

(per 1000 HHs)

115

Literacy Rate (per 1000 persons) 636 NIRD&PR 33

Per 1000 distribution of population by Age-Groups (NSSO 2011-12)

Age-group (years) Male Female

0-4 87 89

5-9 112 104

10-14 125 111

15-19 108 94

20-24 81 84

25-29 72 82

30-34 67 79

35-39 71 82

40-44 64 61

45-49 58 53

50-54 41 40

55-59 34 36

60 & above 80 84

all 1000 1000 NIRD&PR 34

HDI OF INDIA, AN INCREASING TREND

1990=.428

1995=.460

2000 =.494

2005=.536

2010=.580

2015= .624

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2020

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

HDI (Human Development Report, 2016)

• Adolescents (aged 10-19) and youth (aged 15-24)

comprise 365 million, about 30% of India’s population – they will shape the future of the nation

• Despite India’s commitments and although current cohorts of youth are healthier and better educated than ever before, vulnerabilities persist, and evidence suggests that many young people are not making a healthy transition to adulthood

Source: Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India 2011

Rationale and objectives

% reporting three or more symptoms (GHQ12*)

%

*GHQ 12: WHO questionnaire (Goldberg 1990): 12 items including inability to concentrate, sleeplessness, loss of confidence, depression etc. Source: **IIPS and Population Council 2010; GBD 2010

• 1 in 7 young men and women reported responses indicative of mental health disorders

• Small studies in various settings using different indicators reiterate mental health concerns

%

12

2

6

22

0

10

20

30

Prevalence ofpsychiatric

disorders, Bangalore(Ages4-16)

Srinath et al. 2005

MaleSuicidal

behaviour,GOA

(Ages 16-24)

Pillai et al. 2008

FemaleSuicidal

behaviour,GOA

(Ages 16-24)

Pillai et al. 2008

Severepsychiatricconditions,

5 states(Ages 15-24)

Reddy &Chandrashekher 1998

Mental health problems among youth

14

10

16 14

9

16

0

10

20

30

Total Urban Rural

Male(15-24) Female(15-24)

Worker-Population Ratio (WPR) (per 1000)

according to usual status (ps+ss)

NSSO 2011-12

Male 543

Female 248

Total 399

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The number of persons/person-days employed per thousand persons/ person-days is

referred to as work force participation rates (WFPR) or worker-population ratio

(WPR).

INDIA- THE ROAD AHEAD Reducing poverty remains India’s greatest challenge

Rural development is essential to raise the incomes of the poor

Dramatic improvements in infrastructure and the investment climate are required

Basic services, such as improved health and education, need to reach all India's citizens

HIV/AIDS has the potential to upset much of the India’s recent progress

Environmental sustainability needs to be ensured NIRD&PR 39

YOUR PARTICIPATION

I volunteer Rural Connect

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THANKS

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