overview of results. overview of results (1) changes in physical fitness and motor abilities with...
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5. Overview of Results
(1) Changes in physical fitness and motor abilities with increased age (Fig. 1-1 to 1-8)
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Fig. 1-1 Changes in Grip Strength with increased age
Note: The graph has been smoothed using a three-point moving average.
Three assessed items—Grip Strength (muscle strength), Sit Up (muscle strength and muscle endurance) andSit & Reach (flexibility)—are carried out with subjects between the ages of 6 and 79, while other threeitems—Side Step (agility), 20m Shuttle Run (whole-body endurance) and Standing Long Jump (muscle power)are tested with subjects aged 6 to 64.
Figures 1-1 to 1-8 show changes with increasing age in the categories of Grip Strength, Sit Up, Sit &Reach, Side Step, 20m Shuttle Run, Standing Long Jump and New Physical Fitness Test Total Scores.
Although there are differences among the assessed items, the overall tendency for both males andfemales is for increased fitness levels from the age of 6, with male peaking at 17 years old andfemale peaking at 14 years old. After age of 20, a tendency of decline in fitness levels in bothmales and females can be seen. Grip Strength (muscle strength) peaks with males aged 35–39 andfemales aged 40–44.
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Fig. 1-2 Changes in Sit Up with increased age
Note: Same note as for Fig. 1-1.
Fig. 1-3 Changes in Sit & Reach with increased age
Note: Same note as for Fig. 1-1.
Fig. 1-4 Changes in Side Step with increased age
Note: Same note as for Fig. 1-1.
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Fig. 1-5 Changes in 20m Shuttle Run with increased age
Note: Same note as for Fig. 1-1.
Fig. 1-6 Changes in Standing Long Jump with increased age
Note: Same note as for Fig. 1-1.
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Fig. 1-7 Changes in the New Physical Fitness Test Total Scores with increased age (males)
Note 1. The graph has been smoothed using a three-point moving average.
2. Total scores are based on the Test Scoring Table of New Physical Fitness Test Implementation Requirements.
3．Scoring criteria are differentiated by age range (6–11, 12–19, 20–64, 65–79).
Fig. 1-8 Changes in the New Physical Fitness Test Total Scores with increased age (females)
Note: Same note as for Fig. 1-7.
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(2) Change over time in physical fitness and motor abilities
① Youth (6–19 years old) (Fig. 2-1 to 2-20)
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Fig. 2-1 Change over time for Grip Strength (males) Fig. 2-2 Change over time for Grip Strength (females)
Note: The graph has been smoothed using a three-point moving average. Note: Same note as for Fig. 2-1.
Figures 2.1 to 2.20 show basic motor abilities for which long-term annual changes can becompared, such as Grip Strength and running abilities (50m Run, Endurance Run), jumpingabilities (Standing Long Jump) and throwing abilities (Softball Throw, Handball Throw).Changes over time for Sit Up, Sit & Reach, Side Step，20m Shuttle Run and the New PhysicalFitness Test Total Scores are shown in figures 2-11 to 2-20.
Over the long term, Grip Strength and assessed items for running, jumping and throwingabilities remain at a low level when compared with the high levels of fitness seen aroundthe late 1980s, with the exception of 50m Run for both male junior high school studentsand male high school students.
Looking at the 18 years following the start of the New Physical Fitness Test, a decline in GripStrength and Softball Throw in males can be seen. However, results for Endurance Run, Standing LongJump and Handball Throw remained flat or increased with the exception of some age groups.
Additionally, almost all age groups showed an increase in the performance of Sit Up, Sit & Reach,Side Step, 20m Shuttle Run and 50m Run.
Looking at the 18 years following the start of the New Physical Fitness Test in terms of the changeover time in the total scores, almost all age groups showed a gradual improvement.
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Fig. 2-3 Change over time for 50m Run (males) Fig. 2-4 Change over time for 50m Run (females)
Note: Same note as for Fig. 2-1. Note: Same note as for Fig. 2-1.
Fig. 2-5 Change over time for Endurance Run (1500m, males) Fig. 2-6 Change over time for Endurance Run (1000m, females)
Note: Same note as for Fig. 2-1. Note: Same note as for Fig. 2-1.
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Fig. 2-7 Change over time for Standing Long Jump (males) Fig. 2-8 Change over time for Standing Long Jump (females)
Note: Same note as for Fig. 2-1. Note: Same note as for Fig. 2-1.
Fig. 2-9 Change over time for Softball Throw Fig. 2-10 Change over time for Hnadball Throw
Note: Same note as for Fig. 2-1. Note: Same note as for Fig. 2-1.
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Fig. 2-11 Change over time for Sit Up (males) Fig. 2-12 Change over time for Sit Up (females)
Note: Same note as for Fig. 2-1. Note: Same note as for Fig. 2-1.
Note: Same note as for Fig. 2-1. Note: Same note as for Fig. 2-1.
Fig. 2-13 Change over time for Sit & Reach (males) Fig. 2-14 Change over time for Sit & Reach (females)
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Fig. 2-15 Change over time for Side Step (males) Fig. 2-16 Change over time for Side Step (females)
Note: Same note as for Fig. 2-1. Note: Same note as for Fig. 2-1.
Fig. 2-17 Change over time for 20m Shuttle Run (males) Fig. 2-18 Change over time for 20m Shuttle Run (females)
Note: Same note as for Fig. 2-1. Note: Same note as for Fig. 2-1.
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Fig. 2-19 Change over time in the New Physical Fig. 2-20 Change over time in the New Physical
Fitness Test Total Scores (males) Fitness Test Total Scores (females)
Note 1. The graph has been smoothed using a three-point moving average. Note: Same note as for Fig. 2-19.
2．Total scores are based on the Test Scoring Table in the New Physical Fitness Test Implementation Requirements.
3．Scoring criteria are differentiated by age range (6–11 and 12–19).
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② Adults (20–64 years old) (Fig. 3-1 to 3-9)
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Fig. 3-1 Change over time for Grip Strength Fig. 3-2 Change over time for Side Step
Note: The graph has been smoothed using a three-point moving average. Note: The graph has been smoothed using a three-point moving average.
In terms of change over time for the total scores in the 18 years following the start ofthe New Physical Fitness Test, females in their 30s showed a decline in total scores,while males in their 20s and, males and females aged 50 or over show a gradual increase inscores.
For adults, figures 3-1 to 3-4 show changes over time for test items for which long-termchanges are comparable: Grip Strength, Side Step and Fast Walk. Change over time for SitUp, Sit & Reach, 20m Shuttle Run, Standing Long Jump and the New Physical Fitness TestTotal Scores are shown in figures 3-5 to 3-9.
Over the long-term, Fast Walk shows no fixed trends for each age group, but Side Stepshows an increased performance.
Looking at the 18 years following the start of the New Physical Fitness Test, the men's20m Shuttle Run shows improved performance. For Fast Walk, little change can be seen ineach age group. For Side Step, a gradual improvement is seen, except for women in their30s. Most age groups show improved results for Sit Up, but Sit & Reach performancedeclined. For Grip Strength and Standing Long Jump, the 20–40 age group showed decline,but the 50–60 age group shows improved performance.
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45-49 y.o.Females 55-59 y.o.Females
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Fig. 3-3 Change over time for Fast Walk (men’s 1500m) Fig. 3-4 Change over time for Fast Walk (women’s 1000m)
Note: Same note as for Fig. 3-1. Note: Same note as for Fig. 3-1.
Fig. 3-5 Change over time for Sit Up Fig. 3-6 Change over time for Sit & Reach
Note: Same note as for Fig. 3-1. Note: Same note as for Fig. 3-1.
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Fig. 3-7 Change over time for 20m Shuttle Run Fig. 3-8 Change over time for Standing Long Jump
Note: Same note as for Fig. 3-1. Note: Same note as for Fig. 3-1.
Fig. 3-9 Change over time in the New Physical Fitness Test Total Scores
2．Total scores are based on the Test Scoring Table in the New Physical Fitness Test Implementation Requirements.
3．Scoring criteria are differentiated by gender.
Note 1. The graph has been smoothed using a three-point moving average.
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45-49 y.o.Males 55-59 y.o.Males
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③ Seniors (65-79 years old) (Fig. 4-1 to 4-7)
Fig. 4-1 Change over time for Grip Strength Fig. 4-2 Change over time for Sit Up
Note: The graph has been smoothed using a three-point moving average. Note: Same note as for Fig. 4-1.
Fig. 4-3 Change over time for Sit & Reach Fig. 4-4 Change over time for Eyes Open One Leg Stand
Note: Same note as for Fig. 4-1. Note: Same note as for Fig. 4-1.
For seniors, the change over time for Grip Strength, Sit Up, Sit & Reach, Eyes Open OneLeg Stand, 10m Obstacle Walk, 6 Minute Walk and in the 18 years since the start of the NewPhysical Fitness Test are shown in figures 4-1 to 4.7. Improved results can been seen foralmost all assessed items and the total scores.
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Fig. 4-5 Change over time for 10m Obstacle Walk Fig. 4-6 Change over time for 6 Minute Walk
Note: Same note as for Fig. 4-1. Note: Same note as for Fig. 4-1.
Fig. 4-7 Change over time in New Physical Fitness Test Total Scores
Note 1. The graph has been smoothed using a three-point moving average.
2．Total scores are based on the Test Scoring Table in the New Physical Fitness Test Implementation Requirements.
3．Scoring criteria are differentiated by gender.
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70-74 y.o.Females 75-79 y.o.Females
－15－