overview of ibuki,

16
Vienna, Austria, 9 June 2009 -1- Overview of IBUKI, Overview of IBUKI, the Greenhouse Gases the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite Observing Satellite (GOSAT) (GOSAT) Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency

Upload: others

Post on 02-Dec-2021

1 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Overview of IBUKI,

Vienna, Austria, 9 June 2009 -1-

Overview of IBUKI,Overview of IBUKI,the Greenhouse Gases the Greenhouse Gases

Observing Satellite Observing Satellite (GOSAT)(GOSAT)

Japan Aerospace Exploration AgencyJapan Aerospace Exploration Agency

������������������������

Page 2: Overview of IBUKI,

Vienna, Austria, 9 June 2009 -2-

Background

Global warming:Very serious problem for human beingsCause of extreme weather events� Heavy rain, Typhoon, Heat wave, Drought …

Rising sea level� Melting Arctic ice, Tuvalu …

Ecosystem changesFood and water shortage�etc…

In 2005, the ‘Kyoto Protocol’ came into effect.

In 2007, the 4th Assessment Report was issued by the IPCC.

“Most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic GHG concentrations.”

Page 3: Overview of IBUKI,

Vienna, Austria, 9 June 2009 -3-

Background

To understand the mechanism of global warmingTo promote countermeasures against global warming

To understand the mechanism of global warmingTo promote countermeasures against global warming

Need to monitor the global distribution of greenhouse gases concentration

Need to monitor the global distribution of greenhouse gases concentration

CO2 and CH4 are the primary contributors to greenhouse effect.(According to the 4th Assessment Report of IPCC, almost 80% of temperature gain is being caused by effects from these gases)

Page 4: Overview of IBUKI,

Vienna, Austria, 9 June 2009 -4-

Background

� 286 ground stations in the world (as of May. 2009)

� The number of stations is limited, and they are distributed unevenly around the world.

WDCGG: World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases

������ � �� ��

� Over 56,000 points every 3 days� Global and frequent observation

with single instrument

� � �� � � �� � � �.jpg

Page 5: Overview of IBUKI,

Vienna, Austria, 9 June 2009 -5-

The GOSAT was launched by the H-IIA Launch Vehicle No.15 at 3:54 a.m. on January 23, 2009(UT) from the Tanegashima Space Center, and the separation of the GOSAT was confirmed at 16 minutes after lift-off.

Launch of GOSAT

� Fairing Separation

� Separation of GOSAT (H-IIA second stage, PAF, and 7 small satellites)

�The photographs taken by the CMOS camera on the GOSAT

Solar Array deployment

Launch

Page 6: Overview of IBUKI,

Vienna, Austria, 9 June 2009 -6-

GOSAT full-scale modelat EXPO2005 (Aichi, Japan)�

GOSAT:The Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite.A satellite to monitor global distribution of Greenhouse Gases (GHG);

Carbon dioxide and Methaneat 100-1000km spatial scale with relative accuracy of 0.3-1% (1-4ppm) for CO2 and 0.6-2% (10-34ppb) for CH4

A joint project of JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency),MOE (Ministry of the Environment) and NIES (National Institute for Environmental Studies).

Overview of IBUKI (GOSAT)

The picture of GOSAT flight The picture of GOSAT flight model taken at the launch sitemodel taken at the launch site

Page 7: Overview of IBUKI,

Vienna, Austria, 9 June 2009 -7-

Main:TANSO-FTS(Fourier Transform Spectrometer)

Sub:TANSO-CAI(Cloud and Aerosol Imager)

TANSO=Thermal And Near infrared

Sensor for carbon Observation

Main Specifications

Size Main body 2.0m x 1.8m x 3.7m(Wing Span 13.7m)

Mass Total 1,750 kg

Power Total 3.8 kW (EOL)

Life Span 5 years

Orbit Altitude 666km

Inclination 98deg

Recurrent Period

3 days

Launch Vehicle H-IIA

Date January 23, 2009

Page 8: Overview of IBUKI,

Vienna, Austria, 9 June 2009 -8-

Page 9: Overview of IBUKI,

Vienna, Austria, 9 June 2009 -9-

Cross TrackCross Track

FootprintFTS IFOV: 10.5 km(IFOV: Instantaneous field of View)

Along TrackAlong Track

Normally 160km(variable from 88 - 280 km)

GOSATCross-track

pattern

Distance bet. points

(at 30deg in latitude)

Exposure(sec)

1 790 km 4x33 260 km 4x35 160 km 47 110 km 29 88 km 1

Observation pattern

FTS normally scans 5 points of FTS normally scans 5 points of Cross Track direction.Cross Track direction.

Page 10: Overview of IBUKI,

Vienna, Austria, 9 June 2009 -10-

This figure shows the detectable region of TANSO-FTS.

Observation bands of TANSO-FTS

0.0E+00

2.0E-06

4.0E-06

6.0E-06

8.0E-06

1.0E-05

1.2E-05

1.4E-05

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000

Spe

ctra

l Rad

ianc

e�W

/str/

cm2 /c

m-1�

Wavenumber (cm-1)

0.E+00

5.E-08

1.E-07

2.E-07

2.E-07

3.E-07

3.E-07

4.E-07

4.E-07

5.E-07

5.E-07

5800 6000 6200 6400

Band 2

0.E+00

1.E-07

2.E-07

3.E-07

4.E-07

5.E-07

6.E-07

12900 13000 13100 13200

Band 1

0.E+00

5.E-08

1.E-07

2.E-07

2.E-07

3.E-07

3.E-07

4.E-07

4800 4900 5000 5100 5200

Band 3

Band 4 CO2CH4CO2

O3

CH4

CO2

O2

700

Page 11: Overview of IBUKI,

Vienna, Austria, 9 June 2009 -11-

Spectral data of April 8, 2009 Over the Australia, Looking west.

Flight data of TANSO-FTS

����������

0.0E+00

1.0E-07

2.0E-07

3.0E-07

4.0E-07

5.0E-07

6.0E-07

���� �� �� � ��� � � �� � � �� � � �� � ��Wavenumber (cm-1)

Spe

ctra

l Rad

ian

ce (

W/c

m2 /s

tr/c

m-1

)

band 2Pband 2S���

���

L1B data of Band2

���

Page 12: Overview of IBUKI,

Vienna, Austria, 9 June 2009 -12-

Longitude [degree]

Latit

ude

[deg

ree]

First analysis of Carbon dioxide column averaged density (preliminary)(Observation data from April 20 to April 28)

�The hemispheric gradient with larger values over the North Hemisphere is consistent with other measurements.

�Derived CO2 values are generally lower than model predictions, because of using uncalibrated radiance spectrum data.

Page 13: Overview of IBUKI,

Vienna, Austria, 9 June 2009 -13-

Longitude [degree]

Latit

ude

[deg

ree]

First analysis of Methane column averaged density����(preliminary) (Observation data from April 20 to April 28)

�The hemispheric gradient with larger values over the North Hemisphere is consistent with other measurements.

�Derived CH4 values are generally lower than model predictions, because of using uncalibrated radiance spectrum data.

Page 14: Overview of IBUKI,

Vienna, Austria, 9 June 2009 -14-

Satellite operation plan and Data distribution plan

The distribution of the data taken by IBUKI

- was previously started on 23 April 2009, to the researchers approved and registered

who are studying calibration, validation and algorithm.

- will be started at 23 Oct. 2009 and 23 January 2010, to general users.

Launch(23 Jan. 2009)

Critical Operation Phase

Initial Check-out Operation Phase

Initial Calibration and Validation Operation Phase

Steady Observation Operation phase

�����������

� � � � � � ����� �

� � � � � � � � � � �

� �� � �� �

� �� �� ���� � �� � �

����

Present

3 months after the launch

6 months after the launch

9 months after the launch

12 months after the launch

������ ����� � � �� � �

��� � � � ����� �

� � � � � � � � � � �

� �� � �� �� �� �� ���

� � �� � �����

(5 years after the launch)

Page 15: Overview of IBUKI,

Vienna, Austria, 9 June 2009 -15-

GOSAT contributions to IPCC and COP

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

COP

IPCC

EachResearch organization

Data from Ground stations

Data obtained by IBUKI

��������������� �������� �������

� ������ �� � � � � ���� ����� ���� �� ����

�� �� �

� ������������

�����������

� �����������

������� ���

�����������

� �����������

�����

�� ��

����

����������������

����� ��������������

��� ��

����������������

����������������

� �� ����������

�����

������������

� ��!����������

������

� ��"��

����

� ��#

����

� ��$���������� ��%����������

�& '����

()���

!�& '����

()���

�����&

�����

�� ��

������*���)�)�

'+)�����&�+���������

���&��������������*��+�

�&��������������������&�

��������, �-./

�� � � � �� ��� � � �� �� � �� � � � � ! �" �� � � � �� ��� � � �� �� � �� � � � � ! �"

#$ �% �& $ $ '( )� * +, $ #- � � � $ �

� � , . /0 12 3

45 67 89 :

;< = >? @ AB CB

% $ �% ! �& $ $ '( )� * +, $ #D � �E , FD � �E , /G HI J

: ;K @ AB CB

L � � $ � � , � .& $ � � ! �B �MB #N O �P � �, + +, $

-� � , .RQ �� E , #

) . � ( � /S TI J

UV = 8W X : ; <

= > ? @ A B CB #Y O �P � ( , ) � +, $

D� � , .RQ �� E , %

) . � ( � /S TI J

UV = 8W X : ; <

= > ? @ A B CB #Z .E � & � O �[ ( � ( � �\ B "

N �� P � A � $ / 4] ^ @ A B CB #_ , P $ ( $ � , P /` ab c

de : ; K @ AB CB

Y �f � �E .E *, �E ) �B g � % F , P $ ( � $ � , P /` ab c

de : ; K @ AB CB

Z � & �E P E � � � � ! h � � �B � � % # P � LQ ij � O �[ ( � ( � �\ B "

_ � E f � �E . � � � \ B � k % % P � LQ l ij � O �[ ( � ( � �\ B "

# F � ), E � �m ) +n % L P � D Q j # o Lp % �& $ $ 'E , . * +, $

# # � � O $ �P * * � * +, $ % - P � D Q B \ # p # �& $ $ 'E , . * +, $

#% * �� q *, �E ) �B g � % D P � D Q � � � # p # , . & � � � ! h� � �B � �

# L * �� qQ P f E . � *, �E ) �B g �

rst u s vw xyz {| s }~ s � �~ � � s � } � �� rst u s vw xyz {| s } ~ s � �~ � � s � } � ��

� � � �� � u � � w �� � }� � x ��� �w � w } �w � � � � }�

� � � �� �� � u �t � � �w � � }w ~ � w } � �w �s � � x � �� �w� w ~ w� �� �

r s ��� �

� � � { u � r� � �s }� x � w } �w � �s �� � � s ~ | �w � �� � w ~ w� �� �

� { � � � �� z �� � u �t � z � }� � �� ~ �� �s �� �s �� � �� z � � � { �

� � � � u �t � �� �� � � � � y { {� �  u r� � �s }� x � w �s }� � � �� ~ � } v{ � v � � � � r � { � � � { �¡ � � � u �t � ��¢ � � � � � y { {� £¤ � s v v� � v y } ~ � � � � �w �s � {| � � w{ � � v �w ~ � � y { { �

� { �

� ¡ � y { {� £� r � { � ¥ � y { { � { �

�¢ y r u � � u �t � y } ~ � � � � �w �s � r � � w � ��� xu� � �w �� � �� ~

� � ~ ~ ��

� � { y �   � u¦ �t � � s � � s } � w� x � � { � �w } � � � �� � } vy } v �~ � � �� x� w ~ w� �� � � { y �  

� � ~ � �� x �� � � y§ { �� � u � y } ~ � � � � �§ �w � �w { �� s } �� | x� � w � �� } � w

¨ £ � ¤ � u ¡ ¥ u§ y

�   u u� ©§ x� } � � y } ~ � � � � �w �s �u w �w s �s xs � �

� w � � � } �

�ª u y �   � �t � � � wv �w ~ �

� � u � y �� � � u �t �t � u w �w s �s xs � ��� x �w ~ w� �� �y } ~ � � � � �w «¬ ­® ¯° ± ²� | � }

� � § � u r� � �s }� x � w } �w � �s �� � � s ~ | �w � �� � w ~ w� �� �

� { �

� � �¦ u   �¤ � v � u �

� � �¦ u   �¤ � v � £ u �

� � �� z �� � u �t �

ª

r� � �s }� x¦ w � �� �s �� �s �� s �r � � w � ��� x u s vw x � }��s � � � � s ~ | �w � �� { � �w } � w ~ � } v� w s | � � ~ ��� x� x � � vz � }� � �� ~ � � � { � � ¥y } ~ � � � � �w s �� � � s ~ | �w � �� § � � ~ �� ~

u w �w s �s xs � ��� xy }~ � � � � �w s � � �w� } �³ w �~ � � � s �� s } }´ u w �w s �s xs � ��� x� w ~ w� �� �y }~ � � � � �w s � � �w ¦ s �w�u w �w s �s xs � ��� x � v � � } �~ � �� � �s }�¦ u � �´� } v u s vw x� } vz � ��� �s �|�� }� v �� } � w } � �w �s � � x �� � �wu s vw x x � }� � } v � }� x� ~ �~

Météo-France/Centre Nationalde RecherchesMétéorologiques

� ¨

� � � �   � � {� � �

¢

�� }� v�� �� } � w

� w � � � } �¥¦ s �w�� � � }�

�¦

� r� u � � u �

£ � ¤   � �

u y �   � �t � � � � �w~ �

¤ � v xw � � w } � �w �s � � x ��� �w§ �w v �� � �s }� } v� w ~ w� �� � ¥ u w �  � � � � w

�t {t z w | � � � � w } � s �� s � � w �� w ¥ r� � �s }� x  � w� } ��� } v r  � � ¥ � w s | � � ~ ��� x� x � � v� { �

� w } �w � �s � � x ��� �w { � ~ �w �� w ~ w� �� � �µ ¶· ¸ �´ r� � �s }� xy } ~ � � � � �w �s � £ } ³ � �s } � w } �� x{ � � v �w ~ «¹ º» ¼® ¯° ± ´� } v � �s } � �w �� w ~ w� �� � � w } �w ��s � � xs �� x � �� }� w � ½¾ ® ¯¿À Á �

²� | � }

Global warming prediction using global climate models

Comparison with atmospheric transport models����TRANSCOM)

�������������������� ���

����������

��������������������������������������������

��������������������������������������������

���������+��������&��

� ���������������+�)�

���������0�, �-.

���+�������*��&���)����*�

�����*������1 ������2�����

�0�'34 5'�����

'�)����&��������&�����&��

��������� ���������������+�)�

���������0�'34 5'���+�0

6��������&�!�& '����()���

Page 16: Overview of IBUKI,

Vienna, Austria, 9 June 2009 -16-

Conclusion

GOSAT was launched on 23 January 2009.

The initial check out was completed on 10 April.

It was confirmed that all function of the mission instruments, TANSO-FTS and TANSO-CAI work normally together with the satellite bus.

The initial calibration and validation phase has started and will continue until around the end of July.

The distribution of the GOSAT data was started on 23 April 2009 to the registered researchers and it will be extended to general users from 23 October and 23 January 2010 respectively.

The press release about the first analysis result of the carbon dioxide and methane was issued on 28 May 2009.