Overview of Hazardous waste Management

Submitted to : Miss JYOTI RANI ASST. Professor CEEES, DCRUST

By : Karan Kr. Gulshan M.Tech(ESEM) 2nd year

• “ Hazardous waste” means any waste by reason of its

physical, chemical, reactive, toxic, flammable,

• explosive or corrosive characteristics

• causes danger or is likely to cause danger to health or environment, whether alone or when

in contact with other wastes or substances

Definition of Hazardous WastesIn India, according to Hazardous waste Management & Handling Rules (MOEF Notification dated 20th May 2003-Part 2).

“Any substance, whether in solid, liquid or gaseous form, which has no foreseeable use and which by reasons of any physical, chemical, reactive, toxic, flammable, explosive, corrosive, radioactive or infectious characteristics causes danger or is likely to cause danger to health or environment, whether alone or when in contact with other wastes or environment, and should be considered as such when generated, handled, stored, transported, treated and disposed of”.

The Basel Convention defines hazardous wastes as follows : "Wastes" are substances or objects which are disposed of or are intended to

be disposed of or are required to be disposed of by the provisions of national law.

SOURCES: Inorganic &organic chemicals Petroleum refineries Iron & steel Non ferrous metals Leather tanning Metal finishing Pharmaceuticals Pesticides Paints and Dyes Fertilizers Asbestos Caustic soda Inorganic chemicals & general engineering

Regardless of concentration limit, classified as hazardous wastes if the waste exhibits any of the following characteristics

E1 Flammable• Flammable wastes with flash point 65.6 °C or below.• Solid at STP capable of causing fire through friction, moisture

changes or spontaneous chemical changes• Oxidizer

E2 Explosive• Wastes which may explode under the effect of flame heat and

photochemical conditions. • Any other waste of explosive materials included in the Indian

Explosive Act.• Unstable• Reactive with water• Capable of detonation

E3 Corrosive• Wastes which may be corrosive, by chemical

action will cause severe damage when in contact with living tissue.

• pH < 2 or pH > 12.5

E4 Toxic• Wastes containing or contaminated with

established toxic and or eco-toxic constituents.• EPA definition• Carcinogenicity, Mutagenicity and Endocrine

disruptivity• Wastes contaminated or containing established

carcinogens, mutagens and endocrine disruptors.

• Classification of Hazardous Wastes

• Wastes can be classified under the following categories:-

• Explosive • Corrosive • Oxidizing • Flammable • Infectious • Irritant • Toxic • Toxic for reproduction • Harmful • Mutagenic• Exotoxic • Carcinogenic

Waste Generation Rates By Industry

Chemical Products Electronics

Petroleum & Coal Products Primary Metals

Transportation Equipment All Other Industries

70%

25%

Inorganic Liquid Organic Liquid Sludge

INDIAN SCENARIO OF HW • In India, there are 36,165 nos. of hazardous waste

generating industries, generating 62,32,507 Metric Tonnes of hazardous wastes every year. The category-wise classification of this quantity is as follows. • Land Fillable HW – 27,28,326 MTA ( Metric Tonnes/Annum) • Incinerable HW - 4,15,794 MTA • Recyclable HW - 30,88,387 MTA It is obvious that the recyclable portion of HW is in the range of 49.55 % and is more than other two categories. The land disposable portion and incinerable portion are in the tune of 43.78 % and 6.67 % respectively.

• Gujarat, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh are the top three HW generating States. The relative contributions by these States are 28.76 %, 25.16 % and 8.93 % respectively. Thereafter, Chhattisgarh (4.74 %), Rajasthan (4.38 %), West Bengal (4.17 %) and Tamil Nadu (4.15 %) are found as major generators of HW. These seven States are together generating 80.29 % of country’s total HW.

Rules & Conventions

The Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and Trans boundary Movement) Rules,2009,

Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989 The Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and Trans boundary

Movement) Rules,2003 The Plastics(Manufacture, Usage and Waste Management) Rules,2009 The Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and Trans boundary

Movement) Rules,2008 The Batteries (Management and Handling) Rules, 2001 The Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000. The Recycled Plastics Manufacture and Usage Rules, 1999 Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement)

Rules, 2016 Basel Convention on Transboundary movement of hazardous wastes

Basel Convention

• Basel convention is an international environment agreement on “control of trans boundary movement and disposal of hazardous waste” which was drafed on 22nd March, 1989.

• Basel BAN On 31st Dec, 1997 a “total ban” on the trans boundary movement was decided rather than “control” or the “partial transboundary movement” of hazardous waste from OECD (Organisation for Economic Corporation and Development) to non OECD.

• Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Waste and their Disposal

• The convention is ratified by 35 countries, it entered into force on 5th May, 1992. The main principle of the convention is to regulate the Transboundary movement of hazardous wastes with prior informed consent of the importing country and to ensure environmentally sound management of hazardous wastes. The convention seeks to prohibited the export of hazardous wastes without the consent of the importing country.

RULES & REGULATIONS OF HW:Aim at providing controlSpecify the responsibilitiesRegulations governing generators of HW 1.preparation for transport 2.manifest requirements 3.record keeping & reportingRegulations governing transporters of HW 1.notification prior to transport 2.manifest requirements

TRANSPORTATION & STORAGE OF HW: The CRADLE TO GRAVE conceptHW generated at source requires movement

by trucks to further.Requires serious care & attention while

movingHW to be properly packed & labelled for

transport to ensure safe handlingStorage facilities are used to store waste

temporarily before treatment & disposal.

HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY:OBJECTIVES:1. Waste minimization2. Detoxification & neutralization of waste by

treatments3. Destruction of combustible waste by

incineration4. Solidification of sludge & ash from steps from

2 & 35. Disposal of residues in landfills.

1.Waste minimization: helps in resource conservation, economic

efficiency & environmental protection.The strategies include— source reduction, recycling and waste exchange

2. TREATMENT METHODS:PhysicalChemical and biological treament

Physical treatment :• Involves variety of seperation techniques• Whenever a waste containing liquid & solid

must be treated.• Physical processes are• Screening, sedimentation, centrifugation,

flotation, adsorption, stripping and RO.

Chemical treatment:To make the complete breakdown of HW into

non toxic form andTo reduce the hazard of a particular wasteChemical methods are ::Neutralization, precipitation, oxidation and

reduction.

• Neutralization: carried out when the waste contains excessive amount of acid or alkali.

• Chemical oxidation:used to destroy toxic cyanide molecule with oxidising agents

• Reduction: used in the conversion of hexa valent chromium into trivalent chromium before it can be precipitated.

• Anodic electrolysis: used for the destruction of cyanide in spent stripping & plating solutions.

Biological treatment:Differnet types of microorganisms are used for

degradation of specific compounds of HWSome microbes found in soil & sewage sludge

have been tested in the degradation of organic chemicals

Tests have been conducted to degrade PCBs using pseudomonas & flavo bacterium.

Psuedomonas bacteria – benzene, phenol ,cresol.

3. INCINERATION: able to achieve 99.99% destruction & removal efficiency

of hazardous components in waste.Primary products are CO2, vapour & ashSulphur bearing wastes gives off SO2, CO2, H2O when

incinerated.By products of incomplete combustion are sometimes

more harmful.Two types of incinerators: liquid injection system, rotary

kilns.

4.Solidification or Stabilization:Convert the waste into an insoluble,rock hard

material.Additive materials used to reduce the mobility of

pollutants in the waste.Certain materials like nickel cannot be destroyed

or detoxified by above methods.The residues that are left out are solidified to

reduce the leachability.

Proposed Actions : • (i) Inventory of hazardous waste generation• Waste avoidance and waste minimization at source• Reuse, recovery and recycling of hazardous waste• E-waste recycling• Safe disposal of hazardous waste• Setting up of common Treatment, Storage and Disposal

Facilities: Currently, only 12 states have 25 operating common hazardous waste Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities (TSDFs)

• Interstate transportation of hazardous waste• Strengthening the infrastructure of regulatory bodies

•Thank You