overview of european data from official statistics roxane silberman cnrs/réseau quetelet and dwb...
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Overview of European Data from Official Statistics
Roxane SilbermanCNRS/Réseau Quetelet and DwB coordinator
With the support of Cyril Jayet, Marie Cros, Raphaëlle Fleureux, Alexandre Kych (CNRS-RQ)
DwB training course: Working with data from Official Statistics particularly the Longitudinal SILC
Paris, GENES, 3rd DwB Training Course, February 19-21, 2014
Aim of this presentation • Main course is on SILC longitudinal, European microdata ie provided by Eurostat
• Eurostat microdata completely based on national microdata Increasing links between the national and the European level, however differences remain
Using the European microdata requires understanding these links as it raises important methodological issues National microdata still offer rich resources for comparative research
• 3 objectives • Provide an understanding of the construction of the European microdata • Take this occasion for providing a comprehensive overview of what is available for comparative research both at
European and at national level regarding official microdata, that are still underused • More than Eurostat microdata at European level• Related microdata available at national level more detailed, other variables, and sometimes on a longer
period (ex. SILC)• Other microdata availabla at national levels (ex. SILC related topics)
• How to locate and access these microdata and new tools DwB will offer• An overview • Focus on transnational access to confidential microdata (M. Isnard presentation)
Outline• National and European official microdata: terminology and historical
backgrounds• Overview of official microdata in Europe
Integrated European microdata (Eurostat) Other European microdata National microdata collected and harmonized in European databases Other national microdata (with some focus on related topics to SILC)
• How to locate and access official microdata within Europe? Metadata Transnational access DwB support and new tools
I. National and European official microdata Terminology and historical backgrounds
- Official microdata ? A vast perimeter, moving and covering different types of microdata
- Historical backgrounds for European microdata- Differences in national systems for official microdata- Consequences for research
Official microdata ?A vast perimeter …• Different words (official, government, national etc..)
In any cases, statistics provided by government bodies A larger perimeter than NSIs and Eurostat
• Microdata provided by : National level
National Statistical Institute National Statistical administrations coordinated by the NSI + tax data Central banks Government agencies particularly those in charge of Social security, health, pensions … Local authorities increasinglyNumber of government bodies producing and providing data vary according to the organization
of the each statistical system and degree of centralization
European level Eurostat European Central Bank European Commission and agencies
… moving
• Perimeter may change according to the decision of governments/NSIs ex. France:
Customs statistical department went out and in Tax data recently included as a Statistical department coordinated by INSEE Cereq microdata on transition from school to work went out …
Ex. Household finance and consumption surveys (HFCS) move to central banks coordinated by the BCE
• Mixed status for some government agencies (social security, unemployment …)
• What about data to be certified by NSIs ?
• Under different legal framework (surveys, administrative data, business data, fiscal data, health data, financial data …) with consequences for access
• Perimeter does not necessarily cover similar data in the different countries depending on role of other producers (universities …) and historical changes (Eastern countries recently joining the EU)
… and covering different types of microdata
Censuses or registers + longitudinal samples from censuses Surveys (including some panels)
Individual and households surveys Business surveys
Administrative data (frequently longitudinal databases) Individual Business
Combined datasets Administrative datasets
– More common in countries based on registers– Now increasingly the case in all countries (yet requiring a common identifier)
Administrative data and surveys more and more common for longitudinal data
Raising many issues in terms of metadata and access
Historical background for European microdata
• Increasing harmonization process at international level since WW2 led by international organisations (UN, OECD…) mostly by encouragement and persuasion
• European Union framework specific as there is a political and legal framework European Statistical System development started with the CECA during the 50ies Progressively developed during 30 years within a somewhat unclear framework (Commission also relying
on other sources) New start and developments since the 90ies towards more autonomy and integration A legal framework establishing the ESS in 2009 (Regulation N° 223/2009,
Rather recently As a partnership between the Commission statistical authority (Eurostat), the NSIs and other national
statistical authorities, with cooperation with the ECB In compliance with the principle of subsidiarity
• Main focus on indicators, less on microdata for research analysis • Subsidiarity principle at the core of the ESS • Harmonization and integration process growing: 80% of the national data linked to the European requests• Yet persistent difficulties
… relying on national official statistical systems built in different ways
• National statistical systems pre-existed to the ESS
• Built in quite different ways through history from diverse sources and bodies, piece by piece, Toward an increasing coordination role of the NSI Yet keeping traces from the construction even in centralized statistical system where some bodies still remain apart Central banks in general apart
• Important differences Surveys and registers countries Centralized vs decentralized/coordinated
• Political systems Regional autonomy (Spain, UK and Scotland) Federal system (Germany and the landers) France and overseas departments National and local authorities gaining importance Recent political changes (Eastern countries)
• Resulting in differences also in type, number and variety of datasets
Consequences for working with data
• Eurostat microdata are increasingly rich and underused resources for comparative research However still raising a number of methodological issues
• Other resources important both at European and national level for comparative research Some other European sources integrated or post-harmonized Related national parts may also offer in some countries more variety, a wider historical perspective,
more questions and more detailed microdatao However the harmonization process may impact the series and determine breaks in the series at
national level Other national datasets available for comparative research, however not harmonized
• Researchers face difficulties and “silos” for information and access both at national and at European level
Dissemination under European bodies yet access to the national parts under decision of countries Not all integrated microdata include all countries Access still burdensome even within the new regulation (more in M. Isnard presentation)
At national level Information and access more or less fragmented depending on the degree of centralisation
for production and dissemination (NSIs, Data archives) Transnational access depending on the legal status framework
II. European and national microdata
Three subsets from a European perspective
European integrated microdataNational microdata harmonized at European level Other national microdata for comparative research
European integrated microdata
Produced and provided at national level and integrated and provided at European level by European government bodies To remind : national part may differ at national level and at European levelA part are pre-existing surveys integrating harmonization requirements
Eurostat European Central Bank European Commission and other European government bodies Others under EU regulations or recommendations of Eurostat
European Integrated microdata Eurostat microdata
A growing number of datasets European Union Labour Force Survey (LFS)
European Community Household Panel (ECHP) Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (SILC) Adult Education Survey (AES) Community Innovation Survey (CIS) Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) European Road Freight Transport Survey (ERFT) European Health Interview Survey (EHIS) Continuous Vocational Training Survey (CVTS) Community Statistics on Information Society (CSIS)
However …
• Date of inclusion for countries differ National microdata may offer a wider historical perspective in some cases See LFS : France since 1962, Spain since 1964, Norway since 1972, Portugal
since 1992, Estonia since 1995 • Implementation in national instruments differ : different surveys, variables from
administrative data Good metadata important (ex. questionnaires)
• More questions and more detailed microdata at national level in several cases
The SILC example in Estonia, France, and some other countries
SILC and the Estonian Social Survey
• “ESS is the Estonian branch of a pan-European survey of income and living conditions called the EU-SILC (…). Statistics Estonia, however, has added questions, which are of interest to the domestic consumers of Estonia, to the EU-commissioned survey, and attempts to have the survey be a combination of Estonian and European data requirements.”
• In 2004, four modules were added (…). They were all commissioned by Estonian domestic consumers. The topics of the four modules concerned social contacts; family attitudes and political views; crime, violence and feeling of security; and ethnic integration.
• In 2005, there were three modules in ESS: one by order of Eurostat and the other two by domestic consumers. The topic of the Eurostat module was “Social origin”(…) Estonian domestic modules were entitled “From school to work” and “Trade unions and collective agreements”.
SILC and the French EPCV and SRCV
• SILC (SRCV) starts in 2004, but… Living conditions 1978-1979, 86-87; 93-94 European Community Household Panel (1994-2001) Permanent Living Conditions Survey EPCV (1996-2004)
• The current French SRCV system took over from the former permanent survey of living conditions (EPCV) system in 2004• It reprises some questions from the EPCV and includes some other questions not required at
Eurostat level• Persons being in the panel for 9 years /vs 4 years required by Eurostat • See Stéfan Lollivier presentation
Other examples for SILC implementation at national level
• SILC datasets from Eurostat do not contain Swiss data (2007 - 2010).• The Great Britain component of the EU-SILC dataset is collected by the Office for
National Statistics (ONS) as part of the General Lifestyle Survey (GLF) (held at the Archive under Special Licence access conditions - see GN 33403).
• The Northern Ireland component is collected by the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA) as part of the Living Conditions Survey (LCS)
European integrated microdata European Central Bank microdata
• Household Finance and Consumption Survey• Every 3 years• First deliverable in 2013• No pre-existing national survey in some countries while older waves in others
France: Every 6 years and oldest waves Questionnaire 112 pages in France vs 65 pages for the European survey, yet some
variables collected at European level not in the French survey Adaptation of the survey was needed (break in the national serie) Moved from the NSI to the Central Bank (with consequence for researcher access)
European integrated microdata Other European government microdata
• The European Commission, the Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN) Business and Consumer Surveys
• EUROFOUND Surveys on working conditions
DG ECFIN and the Business and Consumer Surveys
• The European Commission, the Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN)
• manages a network of national institutes to conduct a harmonised EU programmeof 6 business and consumer tendency surveys
(quarterly or monthly from 1985, 1995 for services).IndustryServicesConsumersRetail tradeBuildingInvestment
and some others
EUROFOUND and the surveys on working conditions The European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions
• An autonomous EU agency• Set up by the Council Regulation (EEC) No. 1365/75 of 26 May 1975• Contributes to the planning and design of better living and working conditions``
3 surveys combining companies and employees surveysThe European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) : 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010• Working conditions and the quality of work and employment
The European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) : 2003, 2007, 2010• A broad range of indicators of quality of life, both objective and subjective
The European Company Survey (ECS) : 2004, 2009, 2013• Workplace practices based on the views of both managers and employee representatives
• Datasets available for download at the ESDS (UKDA)
European Integrated microdata Other microdata under EU regulations• Information and Communication technologies surveys (TIC)`
Regulation n°808/2004 and updated regulation 1006/2009 linked with the European roadmap for the TIC
• Household budget surveys (HBS) Eurostat recommendations about methodology and harmonization
• Censuses Successive regulations (2008, 2009, 2010…) to achieve more comparability,
output oriented
National official microdata post- harmonized at European level
• Non government bodies • Collected and a posteriori harmonized by universities, archives
IECM (IPUMs international) Censuses
• May gather official microdata and academic datasets LIS (Luxembourg Income Study)
Household Budget Survey MTUS
Time Use Survey
More detailed microdata often accessible at national level
IECM + national disseminationIECM in progress + national dissemination
Only national disseminationNo information
IECM/IPUMS and national dissemination of European censuses
More may be available at national level
Ex. : United Kingdom and France
Several Public Use Files (PUF) available for dwelling, individuals, residential mobility at different geographical levels on INSEE website
Several Scientific Use Files (SUF) more detailed available for the researchers via Archives
Access to highly detailed microdata available via Secure access for approved research projects (ONS in UK, CASD/GENES in France)
LIS and MTUS
• LIS and MTUS are examples of post harmonized microdata at European level from both government sources and non government (universities) sources
• More detailed microdata at national level in several countries
Pays Enquête Année Income Unit Data Collection
Cyprus LWS 2001 Primary Economy Unit Central Bank of Cyprus and University of Cyprus
Finland LWS 1998 Household Wealth Survey Statistics Finland
Germany LWS 2001 German Socio Economic Panel
German Institute for Economic Research, DIW
Italy LWS 2002 Survey of Household Income and Wealth
Bank of Italy
UK LWS 2000 British Household Panel Survey + cross national equivalent files
Institute for Social and Economics Research
LIS 1999 Family Resource Survey Department for Work and Pension , ONS, National Centre for Social Research
LIS is a cross-national data center, located in Luxembourg. LIS is home to the Luxembourg Income Study Database (LIS) and the Luxembourg Wealth Study (LWS)Database.
France Time Use Survey INSEE
BELGIUM
1966
The Multinational Comparative
Time-Budget Research Project
Pierre Feldheim and Claude Javeau,
Sociological Institute, Free University of
Brussels
BULGARIA
1988
The 1988 Bulgarian National
Time Use Survey
Central Statistical Office, Institute of
Sociology at the Bulgarian Academy of
Sciences
FINLAND
1987-88
Time Use Survey Statistics Finland
HUNGARY
1965
The Multinational Comparative
Time-Budget Research Project
Sociological Research Group, Hungarian
Academy of Sciences
ITALY 1979/80 Il Tempo della Citta. Una Ricerca
Sull'uso del Tempo Quotidiano in
una Metropoli
University of Turin
UK 1961 The People's Activities BBC
UK 2005 Omnibus Survey, One Day Diary
of Time Use Module
The Office for National Statistics coordinated the
study and collected the data. The Institute for
Social and Economic Research at the University of
Essex transferred the diaries into coded electronic
data.
The Centre for Time Use Research collects Time Use Surveys
Other OS microdata, non integrated nor post-harmonized at European level, useful for comparative research • Example for surveys on living conditions (other than those related to the SILC)
May include some from academic institutions
• Administrative microdata and OS surveys Will be increasingly combined and used by researchers Examples
Employers and employees A guide to Linked Employer-Employee Data Sources in the EU and Beyond (Tanvi Desai, London School of Economics, 2008)
Social security, pensions. The Impact of Social Security Contributions on Earnings: Evidence from administrative data in France, Germany, Netherlands an UK ( Antoine Bozio, Research proposal submitted in September 2011 to the Open Research Area (ORA) call)
Other national surveys on living conditions
Country
Denmark
The register for health and social conditions 1977-2012
Family allowance and child benefits 1957-2012
Estonia
Estonian Social Survey 2004-2010
Household Budget Survey 2010
France Living conditions 78-79; 86-87; 93-94
Permanent Living Conditions Survey (EPCV) 1996-2004
The Statistical survey on income and living conditions (SRCV)
2004-2009
Survey of users of accommodation and hot meal distribution services (Homeless people)
2001
United Kingdom
General Lifestyle Survey (GLF) 2000-2008
Living Standards During Unemployment 1983-1984
English Housing Survey 2008-2011
Norway
Norwegian Level of Living Study 1973-2007
Study on housing conditions among low-income families
1995
Welfare and level of living among the very frail elderly
2000
Linked Employer-Employee Data sources, examples of national surveysCountry National surveys Data producer Access notesCzech Republic
Information System on Average Earnings (ISAE)
The Czech Ministry of Labour commissions the private agency TREXIMA
Direct access is only available on-site at TREXIMA
The Structure of Earnings Survey for the Czech Republic is derived from the ISAE there is no access to the Czech SES data at the national level.
Spain INE does not provide access to any other linked employer-employee or firm panel data resources than SES. The Banco de España conducts an annual survey of non-financial firms, the Central Balance Sheet Data. However, the microdata for this survey are only available to researchers affiliated with the Banco de España
Germany LIAB (Linked Employer-Employee Data of the IAB)
IAB (Establishment Panel )
Data access is possible via on-site use and afterwards via remote data access also.
The L-IAB data is a linked employer-employee dataset constructed from the IAB Establishment Panel and the Federal Employment Agencies employment statistics.
DESTATIS (employment statistics)
France REPONSE (Relations Professionnelles et Negociations d’Entreprise)
DARES DARES
COI (Changement Organisationnels et l’Informatisation)
DARES Réseau Quetelet ,(SUF) The COI is used for France’s contribution to Eurostat’s ICT survey
Enquête Familles at Employeurs
INED
DADS INSEE Réseau Quetelet, (SUF)Labour cost and structure of earnings survey (Ecmoss)
INSEE Réseau Quételet, (SUF) The Structure of Earning Survey for France is a part of this survey
Country Data sources Years Data collection ProviderFrance DADS 1993- Fiscal and social
administration, INSEEReseau Quételet (CMH, GENES)
Germany Sample of Integrated Labour Market Biographies (SIAB)
1975-2008 IAB IAB
Lohn- und Einkommensteuerstatstik – faktisch anonymisierte Daten (FAST)
1992-2004 Fiscal administration; DESTATIS
DESTATIS
Verdienststrukturerhebung (VSE) 1990-2006 DESTATIS DESTATIS
United Kingdom New Earnings Survey (NES) 1975-2003 ONS Secure data service, UKDA
Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (ASHE) 2004-
Annual Business Inquiry
Bozio Antoine. The Impact of Social Security Contributions on Earnings: Evidence from administrative data in France, Germany, Netherlands an UK. Research proposal submitted in September 2011 to the Open Research Area (ORA) call
III. How to locate and access official microdata within Europe?
MetadataTransnational access
DwB support and new tools
Metadata
• Highly fragmented at national level• No single point of access even at national level
Some countries are opening a portal for access to official data (open data initiatives) yet mostly for aggregate data
In some countries, archives gather metadata from different government producers (yet currently only a few)
• Different metadata standards
A map providing general trends for NSIs and Archives• Possible little variations due to lack of information available on the web or very recent
changes)• Does not include other providers as statistical departments
Metadata dissemination at national level for national microdata: NSIs and Archives
Metadata dissemination at European level
• Each European body (Eurostat, ECB …) • CESSDA, currently only for some national microdata (depending on the perimeter
of the Data Archives members)o Using NESSTAR
Based on DDI standard for documentation A unified way to look for data and metadata (documentation describing
the data) Allows to browse into variables (instead of looking into the
questionnaire) o Avoid silos between official and academic data
Access
Terminology issues
Access ranging from fully anonymized to highly detailed microdata • Campus files (CUF)• Public use files (PUF)• Scientific Use files (SUF)• Confidential, highly detailed, sensitive microdata, scientific confidential files (ScF)
However differences remain in terminology Campus files/public use filesScientific Use files/ confidential files
Access via CDRom/FTP, on site, remote execution, remote access
Access for Eurostat and other integrated European microdata
• Eurostat still burdensome Even within the framework of a new regulation (See Michel Isnard
presentation) A Remote access network in project (DARA ESSnet)
• European Central Bank in progress • LIS : remote execution for countries paying fees as members• IPUMS/ IECM free and easy, yet highly anonymized
Access to national OS in Europe
• Highly fragmented: Different types of accreditation procedures, application forms, criteria for each type, type of access for each country/producer/provider/type of data
o Quite long for comparative research o Ex : Type of access at national level for the national components related to
the SILC
Countries Years CUF PUF SUF On-site access
Remote Execution
Remote Access
Austria 2003-2007 X X X
Czech 2005-2010
Estonia 2004-2010 X X X X
Finland 1967-2011 X X
France 2004-2009 X X
Germany 2005-2008 X X
Ireland
Italy 2005-2010 X X
Latvia 2005-2011 X X
Lithuania 2005-2010 X X
Poland 2005-2010
Portugal 2004-2009
Slovakia 2006-2011 X
Slovenia X
Spain 2004-2011 X X
Switzerland 2007-2009 X
Type of access at national level for the national components related to the SILC
However transnational access increasingly possible
o Even for highly detailed microdata
o Several maps providing general trends Based on CESSDAPPP and DwB work 1 National Statistical Institute selected per country Does not include the NSAs and other government bodiesOnly general trends (possible little variations due to recent changes)
o Important for future comparative research based on administrative data difficult to integrate at European level
Transnational access to Public Use Files
In some countries the number of PUF is (very) limited.
Transnational access to Scientific Use Files
Data archives providing access to SUF for OS
Transnational access to confidential data
III. DwB support
Current activities and future perspectives CIMES and MISSY
DwB support
• Current activities Support for transnational access to highly detailed microdata from 4 countries (Germany,
France, UK, Netherlands) DwB regular calls, support for accreditation, financial support for travel and fees for RDCs
(2 remaining calls) Metadata
CIMES Centralising and Integrating Metadata from European StatisticsCurrently 1,796 datasets from 22 European countries including information on access conditions MISSY Microdata Information SystemAn online information system with metadata for all integrated European microdata from official statistics held by Eurostat and Integrated European Census Microdata (IECM)
• Future perspective A European Service Centre for Official Statistics (ESC-OS) as a single point of access linked to the
CESSDA Portal That could offer a range of services: metadata, training, support for accreditation, a
European Remote Access Network for access to confidential OS
