Overview of EAST diagnosticsOverview of EAST diagnostics

ASIPP ASIPP EAST Diagnostics research groupEAST Diagnostics research groupQing ZANGQing ZANG

July 10,2012July 10,2012

6TH US-PRC Magnetic Fusion Collaboration Workshop

OutlineOutline

Goals and topical issuesGoals and topical issues

Diagnostics in scheduleDiagnostics in schedule

Recently progress of some key diagnosticsRecently progress of some key diagnostics

Summary Summary

Goals and topical areaMain goals:

- long pulse discharge with high confinement and high performance

- help to resolve some ITER issues

Topical area:

- Transport an turbulence

- Plasma Control

- stability

- Heating and Current Drive

- Boundary and Divertor

- PSI

Physics issue Physical Quantity Possible Diagnostics

Transport and turbulence Te,n,

Ti, vΦ, vθ, nH,nD

High-k fluctuations

TS(core), HCN, ECE, reflectometryXCS,Neutron spectrometer,ERDCTS,ECEI

Plasma Control Ip,Vloop,Bp,Bt,B

Rogowki coils,externalloop,Internal loops,saddleloops,diamagnetic loops,pick-ipcoils

stabilityRadiated power,impurityCurrent Profile ,ELM instability

BolometrySXS,VS,VBGPI

Heating and Current Drive

Central current profileNeutrons

PolarimeterCountersHX

Boundary and DivertorTe, Ti ,n,<ñ˜f>, <ñ˜f˜T>, ˜

TS(edge) ,Probes (edge,divertor)Li beam

PWI erosion or deposition of plasma-facing materials LIBS

PhysicsPhysics issues with the measurementsissues with the measurements

Developing key diagnosticsDeveloping key diagnostics2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018

First PlasmaCircular-OhmicElongated/Divertor-OhmicL-mode

4th EAST Campaign L- mode &H-mode

1MA,10keV,1000S

Core,5chs,10Hz,20mm-30mm 20(Core)+5(edge)chs,20Hz 30(Core)+10(edge)chs,50Hz

2004

r/a<0.5,30mm,100ms r/a<0.6,15mm,50ms

XUV:3*16channels 48 channels,40mm,5ms 48(H)+24(v)+16(D),30mm,2ms

16,98-126GHz,20mm, 10ms 32,104-168GHz+20,90-25GHz

V+W

250kHz,5x6channels

Second EAST campaign.

5th EAST Campaign 30s H-mode

TS

XCS

Bolometry

ECE

Reflectrometry

CXRS

BES

Neutrons counters

Neutrons spectrometer

Neutrons detector

GPI

Li beam

Ploarimeter

25channels,2-4cm,5-10ms;Ti:100-10000eV;Vi:2000m/s

2(3He)+1(235U) 4(3He)+4(235U)

1, BC501A,10%,5s 2,BC501A,8%,1s

6,20cm,50ms

2mm.2.5us,397100 f /sec

1ms

11 channels

Arrangement of EAST ports

ICRH3 (6) MW

ICRH3 (6) MW

LHCD4 MW

ICRF

NBI

Ha, CIII, OII, Li-I,Li-II, Mo-I,OMA, Reciprocating probe, ECE(16), HXS, Neutron(3He\BC-501),

RA,CO2

pellet

CIII,Da,vuv, Polarimetry,

DNBPXCS, TXCS, XEUV, SXR, AXUV, CXRS

ECRHCore TS Edge TS, Reflectometry,filterscope

HCN,IR camera

BES, VIS(visibleInspection system, GPI,

Divertor probe, Neutron(FC)

NBI

ECE(32), GPC, SXR,SX-PHA, Reciprocating probe, Bolometer,

Da, VB, AXUV LHCD

SXS

MBI

HX, Fast-Ha, ERD, HF-Glow

Diagnostics for temperature ,density and current

profiles measurement

Thomson scattering

L1L1

L2L2

P1P1

P2P2

LLMM

JJ

KK

properties:Core:

ne>0.5*1019m-3, Te>100eVSpatial res.：25+10 points，20mmTemporal res.：20Hz (50-100Hz),5kHz Points location：ρ=0-0.95aError estimate：absolute error,

Te<10%,ne<15%;statistic error<10%

Edge:ne>0.1*1019m-3, Te>10eVSpatial res.：10-15 points，5mmTemporal res.：>50HzPoints location：ρ=0.8-1.1aError estimate：absolute error

Te<10%,ne<15%; statistic error<10%

EAST TS layout

Collaborate with GA

0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10

500

1000

1500

Te

/eV

TeNe

0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10

2

4

6x 1019

Ne

/m-3

SHOT :40847at5s

0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10

500

1000

1500

Te

/eV

TeNe

0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10

2

4

6x 1019

Ne

/m-3

SHOT :40847at5.05s

ρ

One shot

ELM-free H-mode

ELM-ing H-mode

XCS setup on EAST

• Toroidal XCS– Similar structure with a slightly

toroidal view for rotation measurement

– Plasma coverage: ±45cm– Spectral resolution Δλ/λ~12,000 – Rotation normally determined

relative to a reference point • Polioidal XCS

– Plasma coverage: ±47cm– Spatial resolution ~3cm– Spectral resolution Δλ/λ~10,000 – Provide ion temperature profiles– Suffers from the low counting rate

of MWPC

2011‐10‐17

TXCS PXCS

PILATUS(~20ms)

Collaborate with PPPL& NFRI

LHCD plasma heating• With LHCD, Te increases substantially and Ti remain constant• Te profile peaks during LHCD phase with Ti profile unchanged

12

Results

LHCD plasma rotation measurement• Co-current rotation in L-mode plasma (counter-current on

Alcator C-Mod)• Broad rotation profile (core localized on Alcator C-Mod)

Reflectometry

EAS

plasm

Specification:

Frequency range: 50-75GHz(V band), 75-108GHz (W band) X-mode

positional uncertainty: ~ 5 mm (depending on the location of cutoff lawyer)

14

V&W bands

Reflectometry

1.35 1.4 1.45 1.5 1.55 1.6 1.65 1.7 1.75 1.80

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

R (m)

T e (eV

)

Shot38402

ECE

BS1 BS2 BS3

104-168 GHz

104-

120

GH

z

120-

136

GH

z

136-

152

GH

z

51 GHz

To Band 1

59 GHz

To Band 2

67 GHz

To Band 3

75 GHz

152-168 GHz

To B

and

4

Calibration system

Collaborate with FRC

ECE signal for Island structure research

In collaboration with IFS, the University of Texas at Austin, a set of hot source calibration system for 16-channel radiometer has been planed on EAST.

Plan of 32-channel radiometer

Specification:Frequency range: 104-168GHz 2X-mode32 channels , 2GHz in-betweenTemporal resolution: ~1 us (depending on data acquisition)For plasma electron temperature profile measurementIn collaboration with UC Davis, a set of 32- channel radiometer

will be installed in EAST next campaign 1.35 1.4 1.45 1.5 1.55 1.6 1.65 1.7 1.75 1.80

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

R (m)

T e (eV

)

Shot38402

Plan of 8-channel radiometer

An eight-channel heterodyne radiometer will be designed so as to directly measure the width of magnetic island.

8 channels, and 1GHz in-between channels

To measure the intensity of ECE in the vicinity of q=3/2 or q=2/1

Grating Polychromator

In collaboration with PPPL, a 20-channel Grating Polychromator has been tested on EAST to obtain electron temperature profile for discharges with large magnetic field in the future.

Other diagnostic systems

In collaboration with IFS, the University of Texas at Austin, a set of hot source calibration system for 16-channel radiometer has been planed on EAST.

19

Polarimeter-interferometer

• horizontal port on EAST tokamak• Three coherent SIFIR-50 lasers are as lasers source. Each FIR

laser works at 432um using formic acid gas and pumped by a CO2 laser. Cavity of CO2 laser is locked by feedback from a F-P cavity.

• Gaussian mode output measured 2m away from laser• High output power and stability: steady>30mW per cavity for 8 hours

without any control. • VDI planar-Diode Integrated Conical Horn Fundamental Mixer

optimized for high spatial resolution measurement High sensitivity, low noise

• The polarimeter and interferometer have 11 lateral channels on EAST tokamak.

• Spatial resolution up to 7cm • Temporal resolution up to 1μs

Collaborate with UCLA

Diagnostics for Radiation

measurement

diagnostics Range lines Energy

Bolometer 7eV-6keV

Soft-X ray 1keV-13keV Fe Kα 6.4keV

PHA 2keV-30keV Cu Kα, Mo Kα 8.0keV, 17.4keV

EUV 100eV-400eV(30-110Å)

Radiation diagnostics

16channels*3 XUV array

48channels Metal resistor

XUV

24

PHA & Soft X-ray

4.3s Pre L-H4.5s ELMy-free4.8s @ H-L5.05s Pre L-H

3.3s Pre L-H3.4s ELMy-free3.9s Post H-L

EUV

During H-mode, confinement of impurity is increased, and both Continuous radiation and line radiation are enhanced at the same time

Filterscope

Collaborated with Oak Lab

272011‐10‐17 21st ITPA Topical Meeting on Diagnostics

Long-wavelength spectrometer

XEUV on EAST

• Measures the impurity spectra at the plasma edge– Passive measurement

• Suitable for all kinds of plasmas

– Wavelength range 450 – 600 nm (visible)

• C III & IV, He I & II, Li II, Ar II, Mo I & II

• CCD & optical fibers, spectrometer

– High transmission efficiency and quantum efficiency

• High resolution: <1 cm & 5 - 10 ms– Multiple sightlines– EMCCD

282011‐10‐17

ERD

Toroidal view

Poloidal view

CXRS，BES and FIDA

Three diagnostics are integrated together

CXRS & DC-BES• CXRS emission (active charge

exchange), for measurements of ni, Ti,Vi

• The light is collected by two optical periscopes: 25 channels poloidalperiscope and 25 channelstoroidal periscope and transmitted through two fiber bundles to holographic imaging spectrograph

• Spectrograph is set up to accept the light from all channels and spectrally disperse them onto the CCD detector, while keeping them spatially separated.

• A sequence of passive spectra in range of 300~800nm

• Chord separation for both systems is 2～4cm ,temporal is 5-10ms；

• Ti：100-10000eV；

• Vi：>2000/s

Collaborated with UT AUSTIN

Diagnostics for fluctuation

measurement

Coherent scattering diagnostic

For measurement of fluctuation of density

k=8-23cm-1

Prelimiary of coherent scattering diagnostic

AC-BES

• for measurement of fluctuation of density

• S/N>1;• f>250kHz;• Chord separation for

both poloidal and toroidaloptical views systems is 2～4cm

• Channels ：32( 5 toroidal×6 poloidal）；

Gas Puff imaging (GPI) System

Toroidal locations Poloidal locations

Puff manifoldOptical system

Two GPI systems in EAST tokamak, with about 67°angle in toroidal direction and up-down symmetry.

Rate: 397100 frames/sec, 64×64 pixels.

The objective plane of GPI is 130×130 mm, with 65 mm at the inner side of LCFS and 65mm at the outer side of LCFS.

The spatial resolution on objective plane is 2mm.

temporal resolution is 2.5μs

Collaborate with PPPL

Li-beam spectral diagnostic system

The aim of the diagnostic is two-dimensional edge plasma turbulence measurement with 1 microsecond time resolution, and edge electron density profile measurement with a few microsecond time resolution.

The schedule of this project:• Completion of detailed modeling: 30 August, 2012• Completion of the engineering design, review of plans: 30 September, 2012• Installation, testing and demonstration of vacuum system in Budapest: 15 January, 2013• Testing of observation system: 30 April, 2013• Final testing in Budapest: 15 May, 2013, The End-user shall participate the final testing

and confirm the testing result• Shipping all equipment to ASIPP before 15 June,2013• Installation on EAST: 15 July, 2013

Li atom beam Observation

Steering plates

Sodium cell

neutralizer

Li ion beam

AcceleratorIon source

K. McCormick et al. FED 34 125 (1997)

Collaborate with Wigner RCP

Diagnostics for Boundary and Divertor

measurement

Divertor probe diagnostic system

• The divertor probe installed in the upper and lower divertortarget plate region.

• It can measure the electron temperature and density simultaneously. 20μs time resolution available.

• All of them were configured as triple probes.

• 20 triple probes in outer target, and 15 in inner target. The distance between the vicinity probe is about 1.5 – 2 cm in poloidal direction.

Divertor probe head assembly

Probe assembly

Divertor probes installed in the target plate

Fast reciprocating probe diagnostics system

Two FRPSs are installed in the horizontal ports A and E on EAST, separated 89° from each other in the toroidal direction. The poloidal cross‐section shows the probe on the out midplane of EAST.

Fast reciprocating probe in A portFast reciprocating probe in E port

Fast reciprocating probe diagnostics system

A stepping motor system drives the probe closed to plasma before plasma  discharge .A servo motor system drives the probe at a high velocity (maximum 2m/s) during plasma discharge .A small chamber for 

probe replace installed in front of the probe system.Up to 10 MHz sample rate.

Mechanical structure of the probe system

Diagnostics for PWI

research

Diagnostics for PWI

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)Laser shots on wall surface induces a tiny plasma plume, and spectra from the plume are recorded for analysis to the wall composition (H retention), both area and depth profiles Ok. In collaboration with Dalian University of Technology, a LIBS system is under development at laboratory, and will be connected to EAST horizontal port (H) next campaign.

1. LaserA Q-switched Nd:YAG laser 5 ns pulse width10 Hz repetition1064/532/355nm wavelength360/180/90 mJ (max)

2. Applied spectrometerLIBS2500+ (Ocean Optics Inc, USA) detection system with seven linear silicon CCD array detectors (200 to 980 nm with a single laser pulse).

Diagnostics for PWI

200 300 400 500 600 700 800 9000

1500

3000

0

1500

3000

Na Si

Si

SiSi

Si

Ca

Ar ArArAr

Ar

Ar

Ar

ArAr

Inte

nsity

(a.u

.)

original tile

Wavelength (nm)

Ar

TiH O C

Li

Li Li

Li

Inte

nsity

(a.u

.)

used tile

Li Na

LIBS spectra of EAST tiles Future plansConfocal microscopy and/or speckle interferometer for monitoring surface erosion or deposition of plasma-facing materials

More spectroscopy needed for monitoring high Z impurities in edge plasmas to get insight into impurity transport

Summary

Much of diagnostic development and diagnostic implementation on EAST has been done in the past several years

Parts of them are based on the collaborations between ASIPP (proprietor of EAST) and US universities, national laboratories and industry.

These collaborations have been proved to be extremely successful and we hope we can extend relative collaborations in the area of diagnostics in the coming years.